Detection of two interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via spectral matched filtering.

Unidentified infrared emission bands are ubiquitous in many astronomical sources. These bands are widely, if not unanimously, attributed to collective emissions from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, yet no single species of this class has been identified in space. Using spectral matched filtering of radio data from the Green Bank Telescope, we detected two nitrile-group-functionalized PAHs, 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene, in the interstellar medium. Both bicyclic ring molecules were observed in the TMC-1 molecular cloud. In this paper, we discuss potential in situ gas-phase PAH formation pathways from smaller organic precursor molecules.

Pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulceration of the lower extremity secondary to sunitinib therapy: a case report.

Sunitinib is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of multiple different types of malignancies. Serious grade 3-4 adverse events occur in <10% of the patient population and usually improve with dose reduction. One of the more rarely reported side effects of sunitinib therapy is the development of pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcerations in the lower extremities. These pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcerations are difficult to treat and distinguish from similar-appearing dermatological diagnoses. We present a patient with refractory lung carcinoma and a past medical history of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower extremity, who developed a non-healing ulceration at the previous site of her skin cancer while undergoing therapy with sunitinib. At the time of the initial evaluation, the ulceration mimicked recurrent squamous cell carcinoma, posing a diagnostic challenge. Histopathological findings showed epidermal hyperplasia, ulceration, and dense acute inflammation. Despite meticulous wound care and treatment of infection, the ulcer only improved with cessation of sunitinib.

Salt sensitivity of the morphometry of Artemia franciscana during development: a demonstration of 3D critical windows.

A 3D conceptual framework of 'critical windows' was used to examine whether the morphometry of Artemia franciscana is altered by salinity exposure during certain key periods of development. Artemia franciscana were hatched at 20 ppt (designated control salinity) and were then exposed to 10, 30, 40 or 50 ppt either chronically (days 1-15) or only on days 1-6, 7-9, 10-12 or 13-15. On day 15, maturity was assessed and morphometric characteristics, including mass, total body length, tail length and width, length of the third swimming appendage and eye diameter, were measured. Maturation and morphometry on day 15 were influenced by the exposure window and salinity dose. Artemia franciscana were generally larger following exposure to 10 and 40 ppt during days 1-6 and 7-9 when compared with days 10-12 and 13-15, in part due to a higher percentage of mature individuals. Exposure to different salinities on days 1-6 produced the greatest differences in morphometry, and thus this appears to be a period in development when A. franciscana is particularly sensitive to salinity. Viewing the developmental window as three-dimensional allowed more effective visualization of the complex interactions between exposure window, stressor dose and the magnitude of morphometric changes in A. franciscana.