Effects of Governmental Intervention on Foodborne Disease Events: Evidence from China.

Foodborne disease events (FDEs) endanger residents' health around the world, including China. Most countries have formulated food safety regulation policies, but the effects of governmental intervention (GI) on FDEs are still unclear. So, this paper purposes to explore the effects of GI on FDEs by using Chinese provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019. The results show that: (i) GI has a significant negative impact on FDEs. Ceteris paribus, FDEs decreased by 1.3% when government expenditure on FDEs increased by 1%. (ii) By strengthening food safety standards and guiding enterprises to offer safer food, government can further improve FDEs. (iii) However, GI has a strong negative externality. Although GI alleviates FDEs in local areas, it aggravates FDEs in other areas. (iv) Compared with the eastern and coastal areas, the effects of GI on FDEs in the central, western, and inland areas are more significant. GI is conducive to ensuring Chinese health and equity. Policymakers should pay attention to two tasks in food safety regulation. Firstly, they should continue to strengthen GI in food safety issues, enhance food safety certification, and strive to ensure food safety. Secondly, they should reinforce the co-governance of regional food safety issues and reduce the negative externality of GI.

(Z)-(1,3-Thia-zinan-2-ylideneamino)formo-nitrile.

In the title mol-ecule, C(5)H(7)N(3)S, the thia-zine ring shows a conformation close to a half-boat. The Cremer & Pople puckering parameters of the thia-zine ring are q2 = 0.4645 (2) Å, θ = 132.4 (3) and ϕ = 285.52 (2)°. The packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯N and C-H⋯S inter-actions.