[Comparison of Disease Burden Factors of Thyroid Cancer Between China and the World From 1990 to 2019].

Objective To compare the prevalence and disease burden of thyroid cancer and their trends between China and the globe from 1990 to 2019.Methods With the global disease burden data in 2019,Joinpoint was used to predict the trends of the disease burden of thyroid cancer in China and the globe from 1990 to 2019,and logarithmic linear model was used to test the predicted trends.The R language was used for predictive analysis and graphic plotting of the disease burden from 2020 to 2035.Results From 1990 to 2019,the standardized incidence rate and the standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer in China were lower than those in the globe.The standardized incidence rate in China and the globe showed an increasing trend(with the increases of 102.65% and 40.65%,respectively),while the standardized mortality rate showed a decreasing trend(with the decreases of 7.63% and 4.91%,respectively).Compared with those of the female population,the standardized incidence and mortality rates of the Chinese male population increased significantly from 1990 to 2019(the rates of change in the male population were 48.65% and 214.60%,respectively;and the rates of change in the female population were -39.01% and 60.44%,respectively).China's overall standardized years of life lost(YLL),years lived with disability(YLD),and disability-adjusted life years(DALY)rates during the 30-year period were lower than the global average.The Chinese and global populations showed the standardized YLL rate decreasing by 16.61% and 6.88% and the standardized DALY rate decreasing by 10.77% and 3.65%,respectively,while the rates of standardized YLD increased by 128.91% and 46.89%,respectively.The magnitude of DALY in China and the world was mainly influenced by YLL.The standardized incidence,mortality,and DALY rates of the Chinese male population were gradually approaching the global levels.From 1990 and 2019,thyroid cancer showed a higher mortality rate in the population with the age ≥ 75 years and a higher incidence rate in the population with the age <75 years.It is projected that from 2020 to 2035,the standardized incidence rates in China and the world will increase by 36.66% and 21.15%,respectively;the standardized mortality rates will decrease by 20.19% and 3.46%,respectively;and the standardized DALY rate is expected to decrease by 7.08% in China and increase by 4.35% in the world.Conclusions From 1990 to 2019,China's standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased and had a higher increase than the global level,and the standardized mortality rate decreased,with a slightly higher decrease than the global level.However,the increases in the standardized incidence rate and mortality rate of this disease in China's ≥75 years male population were severe.Although China's disease burden of thyroid cancer showed a decreasing trend in line with the global trend as a whole,the disease burden in the Chinese males was higher than that in the females.Specifically,the disease burden due to premature death was predominant,and the burden in specific populations requires policy attention.

Improved enzymatic assay for hydrogen peroxide and glucose by exploiting the enzyme-mimicking properties of BSA-coated platinum nanoparticles.

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) covered with a bovine serum albumin scaffold and a particle size of 1.5 nm (BSA-PtS NPs) are shown to display enhanced multiple enzyme-mimicking activities including peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase-like activities. The peroxidase-like activity is characterized by robustness and low signal background. BSA-PtS NPs were used to design colorimetric assays for H2O2 and glucose. H2O2 latter reacts with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of BSA-PtS NPs to form a blue product with an absorption maximum at 652 nm. The assay works in the 5-250 µM H2O2 concentration range. The glucose assay is based on its glucose oxidase-catalyzed oxidation to produce gluconic acid and H2O2 which then is colorimetrically quantified. Response is linear in the 10-120 µM glucose concentration range, and the detection limit is 2 µM (at S/N = 3). The method correlates well with the glucose standard method (R2 = 0.997 in the 95% confidence interval) which confirms that glucose in human serum has been successfully detected. Graphical abstractImproved enzymatic assay for hydrogen peroxide and glucose by exploiting the enzyme-mimicking properties of BSA-coated platinum nanoparticles.

Alkaline peroxidase activity of cupric oxide nanoparticles and its modulation by ammonia.

We herein report the intrinsic alkaline peroxidase-like activity exhibited by CuO nanoparticles when 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid was employed as a substrate. Based on this observation, a fluorometric assay method with a low detection limit of 0.81 µM was established for H2O2 determination under alkaline conditions. Notably, ammonia was found to inhibit the alkaline peroxidase-like activity of the CuO nanoparticles. Thus, a sensing platform for the determination of urea and urease was successfully constructed, with the limits of detection for urea and urease being 27 µM and 2.6 U L-1, respectively. This platform was then applied for the detection of urea in human urine and urease in soil, which yielded satisfactory results. These results suggest that it is possible to extend the catalytic potential of peroxidase and its mimetics from acidic and neutral conditions to include activity in alkaline media as well. Furthermore, this strategy is a novel method for the analysis of urea and urease. The assay developed in this work is facile, inexpensive, convenient, and highly selective and sensitive. Therefore, it is expected that this system can serve as a template for the development of similar enzyme nano-mimics.

Self-cascade reaction catalyzed by CuO nanoparticle-based dual-functional enzyme mimics.

It is desirable but challenging to assemble various biomimetic properties into a functional catalytic cascade system. In this work, cupric oxide nanoparticles were investigated as oxidase mimics for the aerobic oxidation of cysteine to cystine with the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Coupling this property with the peroxidase-like activity of CuO nanoparticles, we constructed a self-organized cascade reaction system based on a single-component nanozyme, which includes the oxidation of cysteine to yield cystine and hydrogen peroxide and the hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of terephthalic acid to produce a fluorescence change. Based on this artificial enzymatic cascade reaction system, a fluorometric assay method with a low detection limit of 6.6nM was established for cysteine determination. This platform was then applied for the detection of cysteine in pharmaceutical products and human plasma, which yielded satisfactory results. Our investigations open up a new route and holds promise for the development and applications of multifunctional nanomaterials as enzyme mimics.

[Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in abandoned vehicles dismantling area soil].

In order to study the contamination by the U. S. EPA 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil of the end-of-life vehicle dismantling area, soil samples with vertical depth of 0-1 000 cm were collected and analyzed. The concentrations of EPA 16 priority PAHs were determined in soils samples. The results showed that total concentrations of PAHs were 991 ng.g-1 in surficial samples, with the highest concentrations detected for pyrene, benzo [a]anthracene and fluorine, reaching 11 820, 1 234 and 1 083 ng.g-1, respectively. The soils with the depth range of 0-10 cm were heavily polluted by PAHs, and the soils in the depth range of 50-350 cm were moderately or slightly polluted by PAHs. It seems that there was no PAHs pollution when the soil depth was over 400 cm. However, it was noted that the total concentration of 7 carcinogenic PAHs including chrysene (Chr), benzo [a] anthracene (BaA), Benzene and (b) fluoranthene(BbF) , Benzene and (k) fluoranthene (BkF), Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), Diphenyl and [a, h] anthracene(DahA) , Indene and [1,2,3-CD] pyrene (IcdP) was still as high as 34.15 ng.g-1 in soil with a depth of 850 cm. The contents of PAHs decreased sharply with the increase in vertical depth. Low-ring PAHs such as phenanthrene, Fluoranthene and acenaphthene became the priority compounds when the depth was over 300 cm. The ratios of Phe/Ant and Fla/Pyr demonstrated that the PAHs in the soil profiles could be primarily sourced from petroleum pollution.

[Utilizing the wastewater treatment plant sludge for the production of eco-cement].

The aim of this paper was to study the effect on cement property by using of municipal sewage as additive in the process of clinker burning. Based on the standard sample P. 042. 5 from cement plant, the properties of eco-cement samples adding municipal sewage to unit raw material by 0%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.50%, 2.00%, 2.50% respectively and the standard sample from the cement plant were compared. According to the analysis of X-ray diffraction, microstructure, the particles size determination material change, the setting time, specific surface area, leaching toxicity and strength of cement mortar of the cement, respectively, it showed that the strength of the productions were similar to the P. 042.5 standard sample. The metal ion concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, Mn and Ti in clinkers and raw material decreased, the initial and setting time increased, as well as the strength of the paste within the curing time of 3 days decreased with the increase of municipal sewage ratio. However, after the curing of 7 days, the strength was similar to non-sludge-mortar or even higher.

[Kinetics of humic substances oxidation degradation by Fenton's reagent].

Humic substances (HS) oxidation degradation by Fenton's reagent was kinetically investigated in this study. HS was removed by both oxidation and coagulation during Fenton treatment. Moreover, initial pH, the dosage of Fenton's reagent and initial concentration of HS had a significant impact on HS oxidation rate and the oxidation mainly occurred at the first 60 min of reaction time. The empirical kinetic equation for HS oxidation by Fenton's reagent under the conditions of 308 K of temperature, 4.0 of pH, 5-40 mmol x L(-1) of Fe2+, 40-120 mmol x L(-1) of H2O2, 250-1 000 mg x L(-1) of HS, could be described using a kinetic model, which was fitted very well with the experimental data. The overall reaction order is 2.34. The lower activation energy of 14.9 kJ x mol(-1) shows that Fenton reaction can be initiated easily. The reaction order of H2O2 (0.86) is higher than that of Fe2+ (0.47), which indicates that the effect of initial H2O2 concentration is greater than that of Fe2+ on the oxidation degradation of HS by Fenton process.

[Removal of humic acids by oxidation and coagulation during Fenton treatment].

Simulated high concentration humic acids (HA) wastewater was treated by Fenton process. The influence of reaction time, initial pH, H2O2 and Fe2+ dosage on the reduction results of COD, TOC, UV254, A400 are presented. The changes of mean oxidation state (eta), A465/A665, the ratio of COD removal by oxidation to that by coagulation (phi) and Zeta potential (zeta) were used to evaluate the roles of oxidation and coagulation in reducing HA during Fenton treatment. The results demonstrate that Fenton's reagent can effectively degrade HA under a wide initial pH range (2.0-5.0), simultaneously the absorbance decrease in 400 nm was higher (from 78.2% to 94.5%) than that in 254 nm (from 75.6% to 88.4%) and the COD removal (from 50.8% to 62.5%) is higher than TOC removal (from 31.2% to 35.1%) in 2 h reaction time. The amount of HA is removed by both oxidation and coagulation. Oxidation played a primary role in removal of HA at the beginning of Fenton reaction. The large molecular weight component of HA appears to be easily degraded and the formations of low molecular persistent organic intermediate compounds are difficult to be mineralized. The COD removal efficiency by oxidation decreases over the ferrous dosage of 0.08 mol/L. Furthermore, the results reveal that HA removal by coagulation was reduced mainly by charge neutralization as well as adsorption bridge building. Results highlight the role of oxidation in controlling the efficiency of COD removal by coagulation, so high COD(oxid) may cause relatively low COD(coag). Meanwhile, ferrous dosage greatly influences COD removal by coagulation at high peroxide dosages over 0.2 mol/L.