[Association between different obesity measurement indexes and serum C-reactive protein in adult women].

Objective: To explore the association of different obesity measurement indexes on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in Chinese adult women. Methods: The data were obtained from baseline and follow-up surveys of the urban Breast Cancer Screening Program in Shuangliu District, Chengdu. A total of 441 adult women were included in the study. A questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing were conducted on the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression model, two-level mixed effects logistic regression model, and restricted cubic spline method were used to investigate the linear and nonlinear correlation between different obesity measurement indexes and serum CRP in adult women. Results: For every 1 unit increase in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and adiposity, the risk of elevated serum CRP or exacerbation of chronic low-grade inflammation in adult women increased by 16.5%, 5.0%, and 11.1% (P<0.05), respectively. Both BMI and adiposity were nonlinear correlated with serum CRP. Using BMI=24.0 kg/m2 as the reference point, serum CRP level increased with the increase of BMI when BMI >24.0 kg/m2. Using adiposity=30% as the reference point, serum CRP level increased with the increase of adiposity when adiposity >30%. Conclusions: Overall, obesity reflected by BMI had the strongest association with serum CRP in adult women, followed by body fat content reflected by adiposity, and central obesity reflected by WC had the weakest association with CRP. Adult women with BMI >24.0 kg/m2 or adiposity >30% are at high risk for obesity-related inflammatory manifestations.

[Efficacy and safety of venetoclax combined with azacitidine versus CAG regimen combined with decitabine in elderly patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia].

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of venetoclax (VEN) combined with azacitidine (AZA) versus CAG regimen combined with decitabine (DAC) in elderly patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: From January 2018 to August 2020, the clinical data of forty-five elderly patients with relapse AML at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively analyzed, including 31 males and 14 females. The median age was 66 (60-80) years old. Eighteen patients were administrated with VEN and AZA, while the other 27 were in CAG with DAC. The complete remission (CR) rate, partial remission (PR) rate, total remission rate (ORR), adverse events and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups. Results: At the end of the treatment, the ORR in VEN with AZA group was 77.8% (14/18); including 11 CR and 3 PR. In CAG with DAC group, the ORR was 37.0% (10/27); including 8 CR and 2 PR (P=0.007). Subgroup analysis suggested that VEN with AZA had a higher ORR in patients stratified as intermediate and poor-risk (P=0.013) or with DNA methylation mutations (P=0.007). Main adverse events in both groups were bone marrow suppression, infections, nausea and vomiting, anorexia and fatigue. Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ cytopenia developed in lower incidence of VEN with AZA group, such as leukopenia (66.7% vs. 100%, P=0.002), anemia (50.0% vs. 92.6%, P=0.002), thrombocytopenia (72.2% vs. 96.3%, P=0.031) and neutropenia (61.1% vs. 92.6%, P=0.014). In addition, less grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ infections occurred in VEN with AZA group (66.7% vs. 33.3%, P=0.028), as well as grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ gastrointestinal events (40.7% vs. 11.1%, P=0.032), grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ fatigue (55.6% vs.11.1%, P=0.003) compared with CAG with DAC group. The 1-year OS in VEN with AZA group versus CAG with DAC group was 42.9% and 31.6% respectively (P=0.150). Conclusion: VEN combined with AZA proves favorable efficacy and tolerablity in elderly patients with relapsed AML.

[Comparison of graft vessel versus native vessel strategies for late saphenous vein graft disease after coronary artery bypass grafting].

Objective: To compare clinical efficacy of interventional treatment with graft vessel and native coronary artery for patients with late saphenous vein grafts disease(SVGD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: A total of 1 608 patients underwent CABG in Tianjin Chest from March 2014 to December 2017 were screened. During the follow-up period, 165 hospitalized patients with recurrence of angina pectoris within one year after CABG, who had at least one narrow vein graft(≥50%) confirmed by the coronary angiography were enrolled. According to the results of angiography and surgeon's clinical experiences, the patients received interventional treatment to vein grafts(grafts group, n=53) or native coronary vessels(native group, n=112). The operation success rate, mortality and incidence of serious complications after interventional treatment in two groups at the time of hospitalization were compared.And the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in two groups at one year after discharge were also compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the cumulative event-free survival rates. The risk factors for the MACE in the patients with late SVGD and treated by interventional therapy were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 165 patients were included for analysis, including 98 males(59.4%). The age was (64.2±7.1) years old. The follow-up time was 12 (8, 12) months. In the grafts group, operation success rate was 90.57%(48/53), and 3 cases(5.66%) suffered from serious complications after interventional treatment, 2 cases(3.77%) died. For native group the operation success rate was 88.39%(99/112), and 7(6.25%) cases suffered from serious complications after interventional treatment, and no deaths. The operation success rate and the incidences of serious complications after interventional treatment in two groups had no statistically significant difference(both P>0.05). The mortality in hospital of native group was lower than that in grafts group(P<0.05). Within 12 months after discharge, there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of MACE of two groups (11.32%(6/53) vs. 10.71%(12/112), P>0.05). Survival analysis showed that the cumulative event-free survival rates in two groups were 73.58% (39/53) and 66.13%(74/112), and there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Cox regression analysis showed acute coronary syndrome (HR=41.203, 95%CI 4.859-349.361, P<0.01), and peripheral vascular diseases (HR=2.808, 95%CI 1.067-7.393, P<0.05) were the risk factors of the MACE for the patients treated by interventional therapy with late SVGD. Conclusion: For the patients with late SVGD after CABG, the success rate of intervention with vein grafts and own coronary vessels are both high with satisfactory safety.The in-hospital mortality of interventional therapy in own coronary vessels is lower than in graft vessel. Patients with acute coronary syndrome and peripheral vascular disease have a poor prognosis.

[Analysis of short-term and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction after one year of coronary stent implantation].

Objective: To observe in-hospital and 1-year prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction after one year of coronary stent implantation. Methods: From January 2015 to February 2018, 329 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after 1 year of coronary artery stent implantation were enrolled and received coronary angiography. These patients were divided into two groups (very late stent thrombosis (VLST) group and denovo group) according to whether the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction was due to stent thrombosis (ST), and in-hospital and long-term (1 year) outcomes were compared between the two groups. The primary end points included cardiac death and recurrent acute myocardial infarction. The secondary study end points included target lesion revascularization (TLR), re-stent thrombosis, heart failure, and stroke. Results: In total, 72.9% of patients with AMI after one year of coronary stent implantation were caused by VLST. There were no significant differences of both primary and secondary end-point events between the two groups during in-hospital period (3.3% vs 3.4%, P=0.987; 5.4% vs 4.5%, P=0.956). After a mean follow-up of 1 year, there were no significant differences of the primary end-point events between the two groups. The secondary end-point events and TLR incidence were higher in the VLST group (16.3% vs 6.7%, P=0.026; 9.6% vs 2.2%, P=0.026). Kaplan and Meier survival analysis showed that there were no significant differences of the 1-year cumulative non-primary and non-secondary end-point survival rates between the two groups (P=0.124 and 0.004, respectively). COX regression analysis showed that heart function ≥Ⅲ level (Killip's) and VLST were independent predictive risk factors for end-point events, while postprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 was an independent protective factor. Conclusion: In-hospital end points show no significant differences between VLST and denovo groups patients. However, the VLST group patients have a poor prognosis and a higher proportion of TLR after 1 year follow-up. The patients with heart function ≥Ⅲ level (Killip's) or VLST have a poor prognosis, while the patients with postprocedural TIMI flow grade 3 have a good prognosis.

[Plaque features in saphenous vein graft evaluated by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound].

Objective: To investigate the features of plaques of saphenous venous graft (SVG) with virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) in patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods: From March 2016 to March 2018, a total of 45 patients ((64.4±7.9) years old, 88.9% male (40 cases)) with ischemic symptoms after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and with coronary artery angiography evidenced SVG stenosis greater than or equal to 50%, who received percutaneous coronary intervention in Tianjin chest hospital were continuously included in this study, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. VH-IVUS was performed before PCI to analyze plaque composition. The patients were divided into no smoking group (21 cases) and smoking group (24 cases), no diabetes group (30 cases) and diabetes group (15 cases), normal very low density lipoprotein cholesterin (VLDL-C) group (24 cases) and elevated VLDL-C group (21 cases), stable angina pectoris group (5 cases) and acute coronary syndrome group (40 cases), plaque burden (PB) < 70% group (11 cases) and PB ≥ 70% group (34 cases), without thin-cap fibroatheroma group (35 cases) and thin-cap fibroatheroma group (10 cases), and plaque features were compared between different groups. Results: The graft age was (8.9±3.7) years.The stenosis degree of SVG lesions was 90 (90, 98) %. The minimum lumen diameter was 1.6 (1.5, 1.8) mm. The vessel cross-sectional area was (12.1±4.0) mm(2). The plaque area was 8.6 (5.7,12.0) mm(2). The minimum lumen area was 2.5 (2.1,3.3) mm(2). The plaque burden was (75.3±8.3)%. The fibrotic tissue (FI) ratio was (65.1±10.1)%, fibrofatty plaque (FF) ratio was 13.8 (5.4,25.3) %, necrotic core tissue (NC) ratio was 12.0 (5.4,24.0)%, and dense calcium tissue (DC) ratio was1.0 (0.2,3.8)% in SVG lesions. There were no significant differences in SVG plaque area, FI area,FF area,NC area,and DC area between no smoking group and smoking group, no diabetes group and diabetes group, and normal VLDL-C group and elevated VLDL-C group. SVG plaque volume was significantly higher in acute coronary syndrome group than in stable angina pectoris group (262.2 (148.5,401.2) mm(3) vs. 93.1 (50.6,155.9) mm(3),P=0.006), and plaque area (10.1 (6.6,13.3) mm(2) vs. 5.0 (3.6,6.9) mm(2), P<0.001), FI area(4.8 (3.2,6.8) mm(2) vs. 2.8 (1.9,3.0) mm(2), P<0.001),and FF area (1.15 (0.60, 2.07) mm(2) vs. 0.30 (0.10,0.90) mm(2), P=0.009) were significantly larger in PB ≥ 70% group than in PB < 70% group.The NC area (1.75(0.40,2.78) mm(2) vs. 0.60 (0.20,1.30) mm(2), P=0.030) and DC area (0.35 (0.10,0.50) mm(2) vs. 0.00 (0.00,0.10) mm(2), P=0.006) were significantly larger in thin-cap fibroatheroma group than that in without thin-cap fibroatheroma group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the plaque area of SVG lesion was positively correlated with FF area (r=0.64, P<0.001) and NC area (r=0.43, P=0.003). PB was positively correlated with FF area (r=0.50, P<0.001) and NC area (r=0.33, P=0.028). Graft age was positively correlated with FF area (r=0.30, P=0.047). Conclusions: The main components of SVG plaque are fibrotic tissue, conversely, calcified tissue is rare in patients with SVG stenosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Fibrofatty tissue is increased in the plaque in patients with PB ≥ 70%. The necrotic component is also increased in patients with thin-cap fibroatheroma. The fibrofatty component increases and the plaque tends to be unstable in proportion with increaing age of the graft in this patient cohort.

[Study of bioequiavailability of paclitaxel for Injection (Albumin Bound) and abraxane and the efficacy of extension treatments in patients with metastatic breast cancer].

Objective: To compare the bioequiavailability of paclitaxel for injection (albumin bound) (PAB) and reference listed drug abraxane in the patients with metastatic breast cancer, and to investigate the safety and efficacy in the extension treatments of PAB. Methods: This study was random, two cycles, self-crossover control study in the bioequiavailability stage. PAB was the investigational drug T and Abraxane was the reference drug R. Patients were randomly assigned to two cycles therapy of either R→T or T→R(260 mg/m(2)/21d). Non-PD patients entered in the extension treatments of the investigational drug PAB(260 mg/m(2)/21d) until the disease progression or the intolerance toxicity. Results: From Mar 1, 2016 to May 24, 2016, we enrolled 40 patients. The blood concentration-time curve and the parameters of pharmacokinetics indicated the two drugs were the bioequivalent drug products in the initial two cycles crossover-therapy.The incidence of adverse drug reactions were 89.7% vs 97.4% in investigational drug vs reference drug and grade 3/4 toxicities were 20.5% vs 21.1%(P=1.000). Patients received a median of 7 treatment cycles(range 1-23) and a median of 260mg/m(2) actual drug dose (range 220-260 mg/m(2)). Seven patients (17.5%) had dose reductions because of toxicities (260 mg/m(2) reduce to 220 mg/m(2)). Twenty-two patients (55%) discontinued treatment prematurely because of toxicity.Overall response rates (ORR) were 40% (95% CI, 24.8%-55.2%). For patients who received PAB as first-line vs non-first-line therapy, the ORR were 43.8% vs 25%. For patients who taxane-naïve vs taxane-pretreated, the ORR were 45.5% vs 37.9%. Median PFS was 49 weeks(95% CI, 30weeks-NA). Conclusion: The paclitaxel for injection (albumin bound) (PAB) and reference listed drug abraxane are the bioequivalent drug products.The toxicity and efficacy of the PAB are similar with abraxane.The more therapy chances for Chinese patients will come by the research and development of domestic drugs.

Sevoflurane-induced isoelectric EEG and burst suppression: differential and antagonistic effect of added nitrous oxide.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether nitrous oxide influenced the ED50 of sevoflurane for induction of isoelectric electroencephalogram (ED50isoelectric ) differently from its influence on the ED50 of sevoflurane for electroencephalogram burst suppression (ED50burst ). In a prospective, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, up-down sequential allocation study, 77 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients received sevoflurane induction and, after tracheal intubation, were randomly allocated to receive sevoflurane with either 40% oxygen in air (control group) or 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen mixture (nitrous group). The ED50isoelectric in the two groups was determined using Dixon's up and down method, starting at 2.5% with 0.2% step size of end-tidal sevoflurane. The electroencephalogram was considered as isoelectric when a burst suppression ratio of 100% lasted > 1 min. The subsequent concentrations of sevoflurane administered were determined by the presence or absence of isoelectric electroencephalogram in the previous patient in the same group. The ED50isoelectric in the nitrous group 4.08 (95%CI, 3.95-4.38)% was significantly higher than that in the control group 3.68 (95%CI, 3.50-3.78)% (p < 0.0001). The values for ED50burst were 3.05 (95%CI, 2.66-3.90)% and 3.02 (95%CI, 3.00-3.05)% in nitrous group and control group, respectively (p = 0.52). The addition of 60% nitrous oxide increases ED50isoelectric , but not the ED50burst of sevoflurane. Neither result indicates an additive effect of anaesthetic agents, as might be expected, and possible reasons for this are discussed.

Prevalence of coccidial infection in sheep and goats in northeastern China.

The prevalence of coccidial infection in sheep and goats was examined in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China between January 2007 and June 2009. A total of 508 faecal samples (309 from sheep and 199 from goats) were collected from eight sheep and goat rearing administrative regions. Oocysts in faecal samples were detected using a flotation technique, sporulated and identified to species based on morphological features of the sporulated oocysts. The overall prevalence of coccidial infection was 90.9% (462/508), with prevalence of 92.9% (287/309) for sheep and 87.9% (175/199) for goats. 13 species of Eimeria were identified, namely, E. bakuensis, E. faurei, E. parva, E. ahsata, E. crandallis, E. granulosa, E. intricata, E. pallida, E. christenseni, E. caprina, E. alijevi, E. apsheronica and E. arloingi. In sheep, the most common Eimeria species were E. ahsata (67.2%), E. parva (59.9%) and E. bakuensis (44.3%). In goats, the more prevalent species were E. christenseni (78.3%), E. alijevi (73.7%), E. caprina (62.3%) and E. arloingi (44.6%). Concurrent infection with two to eight species was common. However, no clinical symptoms were observed in the examined sheep and goats. The results of the present investigation have implications for the control of coccidial infections in sheep and goats in northeastern China.

Microinvasive Nd:YAG laser therapy of early glottic carcinoma and its effect on soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-2, and natural killer cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of microinvasive Nd:YAG laser therapy in human glottic Tis and T1 carcinomas, as well as its effect on the cellular immune function of the tumor-bearing hosts. STUDY DESIGN: We treated 34 patients with microinvasive Nd:YAG laser therapy and evaluated its effect on the cellular immune function of the host. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with glottic Tis or T1 squamous cell carcinoma were treated with fiberoptic laryngoscopic Nd:YAG laser surgery. Both before and after therapy, serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), as well as natural killer (NK) cell activity, were determined by means of double-antibody sandwich technique, tritiated thymidine-deoxyribonucleoside incorporation, and iodine 125-uridine-deoxyribonucleoside release technique, respectively. RESULTS: All 34 patients tolerated the procedure well. A 3- to 7-year follow-up in a subgroup of 27 patients resulted in an estimated cure rate of 85.2% (23 of 27 patients). In all 27 patients with a regular follow-up, a subjective improvement of phonation was noted after therapy to various degrees. In 74% (20 of 27 patients), voice and speech subjectively recovered to almost normal levels. The post-therapy serum levels of SIL-2R were significantly declined (P <.001), whereas those of IL-2 and the NK activity were significantly elevated (P <.001) as compared with those detected before therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with fiberoptic laryngoscopic Nd:YAG laser surgery is simple, safe, effective and only minimally invasive for patients with glottic Tis or T1 carcinoma. At the same time, it has an immunoenhancing effect on its host.

[Efficacy of radiotherapy combined with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in NPC patients].

From January 1992 to November 1994, 163 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were prospectively randomized into three groups: standard radiotherapy (SRT) group, external irradiation and after-load intracavitary radiation in combination with traditional Chinese medicine (EIAIRC) group, and external irradiation plus traditional Chinese medicine (EIC) group. All patients were treated with usual radiotherapy. The nasopharynx's radiation dose was 50-60 Gy, intracavitary irradiation 16 Gy/2 times (The distance from radiation source to spot of reference was 14 mm away). The radiation dose in EIC and SRT group was 68-72 Gy, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. There were no statistical difference among the three groups in 3-year or 5-year survival rate and no local relapse or distant metastasis. 2. The TCM alleviated the acute radiation reaction and damage effects. It indicates that the therapy might decrease radiation dose and the TCM does not induce NPC distant metastasis.

[MDM2 gene amplification and overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

MDM2 gene amplification and overexpression were detected by DNA dot blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 32 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 10 cases of chronic inflammation of nasopharyngeal epithelium(CINE) and NPC cell line HONE1. One case of NPC showed MDM2 gene amplification, NPC cell line HONE1 and ten cases of NPC showed MDM2 mRNA overexpression. No MDM2 gene amplification and overexpression were found in CINE. MDM2 mRNA overexpression was significantly related to cervical lymph node metastasis, but not to T stage of NPC. The results indicate that MDM2 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis and the process of metastasis of NPC.

[MDM2 gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its relationship with p53 protein expression and EB virus latent infection].

OBJECTIVE: To define the expression levels of MDM2 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its relationship with p53 protein expression and EB virus latent infection. METHOD: MDM2 gene expression at mRNA and protein levels, p53 protein and EB virus DNA were detected by nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry(IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) separately in 46 cases of NPC tissues and 12 cases of chronic inflammation of nasopharyngeal epithelium (CINE). RESULT: Fourteen cases of NPC showed MDM2 mRNA and protein overexpression, 38 cases were p53 protein positive, and 43 cases were EBV-DNA positive. Neither MDM2 nor p53 protein was expressed in any case of CINE. MDM2 expression was significantly related to p53 protein expression (P < 0.05), but not to EB virus latent infection in NPC. CONCLUSION: MDM2 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC through interacting with p53 protein.

Mutations in the gene encoding gap junction protein beta-3 associated with autosomal dominant hearing impairment.

Hearing impairment is the most commonly occurring condition that affects the ability of humans to communicate. More than 50% of the cases of profound early-onset deafness are caused by genetic factors. Over 40 loci for non-syndromic deafness have been genetically mapped, and mutations in several genes have been shown to cause hearing loss. Mutations in the gene encoding connexin 26 (GJB2) cause both autosomal recessive and dominant forms of hearing impairment. To study the possible involvement of other members of the connexin family in hereditary hearing impairment, we cloned the gene (GJB3) encoding human gap junction protein beta-3 using homologous EST searching and nested PCR. GJB3 was mapped to human chromosome 1p33-p35. Mutation analysis revealed that a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation of GJB3 were associated with high-frequency hearing loss in two families. Moreover, expression of Gjb3 was identified in rat inner ear tissue by RT-PCR. These findings suggest that mutations in GJB3 may be responsible for bilateral high-frequency hearing impairment.

Effect of photodynamic therapy on selected laboratory values of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

We determined pre- and post-photodynamic therapy (PDT) serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), as well as activity of natural killer (NK) cells, among 24 patients with either persistent or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), using a double-antibody sandwich technique, tritiated thymidine-deoxyribonucleoside incorporation, and iodine 125-uridine-deoxyribonucleoside release techniques, respectively. The results showed that the post-PDT serum level of SIL-2R had significantly declined (p < .0005), while that of IL-2 and the NK cell activity had significantly increased (p < .0005), compared with pre-PDT values, suggesting an immunoenhancing effect of PDT on NPC patients.

Changes of nuclear DNA content in different types of nasopharyngeal epithelium.

The unclear DNA content was measured with flow cytometry (FCM) in 167 specimens of normal nasopharyngeal epithelium (NE), adjacent tissue to carcinoma (ATC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). All 20 patients with NE showed diploid, whereas 38 (38%) of 101 patients with NPC, 7 (58%) of 12 patients with recurrent NPC, 6 (30%) of 20 patients with ATC and 2 (33%) of 6 patients with NE, positive to EBVCA-IgA test, showed nondiploid. In addition, cellular proliferation index (PI) of diploid NPC and diploid ATC, though differed nonsignificantly, was significantly increased as compared with that of NE (P < 0.01). The rate of cervical metastasis in nondiploid NPC was significantly higher than that in diploid NPC (P < 0.025).

Photoradiation therapy of animal tumors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Both animal tumors and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma were submitted to a photoradiation therapy (PRT) trial in order to determine the efficacy and side effects of PRT, as well as to elucidate its mechanism of cytotoxicity. In animal tumors, the inhibition rate was 70%, and of 20 patients, eight achieved complete remission, and ten, significant remission, with an overall response rate of 90%. The blood picture and the values of serum IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 all remained stable post-PRT. Only three patients developed mild generalized skin photosensitive reactions, and these did not affect subsequent treatment. There was no immunosuppressive effect as evidenced by a tritium-labeled thymidine-incorporated lymphocytoblast transformation assay performed both before and after PRT. Ultrastructural studies at different time intervals after PRT highly suggested that the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were among the first organelles to be damaged.

[Studies on the introduction and cultivation of Kaempferia galanga L].

This paper reports a systematic survey of the biological character istics of K. galanga. As a result of investigations on plant density, planting season, fertilization, storage of maternal tubers in winter and qualitative analysis of tubers, etc, cultural measures have been brought forth that suit the local climatic conditions and thus give high yield and quality of products.