The antibacterial and antialgal enhancement of the hydroquinone acrylamide polyurethane coating based on microphase separation.

The undesirable and inevitable adhesion of marine organisms on submerged surfaces has seriously affect the environment, economy and society, so emerging and promising strategies for antifouling are required. Here, the novel and environmental strategy of the antibacterial and antialgal materials was proposed for the application of the antifouling coating without releasing harmful substances. The environment-friendly antifouling agent, the capsaicin derivative N-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-acrylamide meth-ylbenzyl)acrylamide (PHABA), was modified to the molecular chain of the polyurethane. The best tensile strength was up to 23.5 MPa of PUP-25% and the elongation at break was 415% of PUP-25%. The excellent wear resistance (300 wear cycles) and chemical solution resistance (H2SO4, NaOH, and NaCl solutions) revealed the applicability of the coating. PHABA would migrate to the surface of the polyurethane coating with time and enhanced the antibacterial and antialgal properties of the coating. PUP-25% prevented more than 90% of bacterial and algal adhesion, indicating the potential application of the antifouling coating.

Molecular characterization of a porcine sapelovirus strain isolated in China.

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infections have been associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic infection to clinical signs including diarrhoea, pneumonia, reproductive disorders, and polioencephalomyelitis. Although it has a global distribution, there have been relatively few studies on PSV in domestic animals. We isolated a PSV strain, SHCM2019, from faecal specimens from swine, using PK-15 cells. To investigate its molecular characteristics and pathogenicity, the genomic sequence of strain SHCM2019 was analysed, and clinical manifestations and pathological changes occurring after inoculation of neonatal piglets were observed. The virus isolated using PK-15 cells was identified as PSV using RT-PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Sequencing results showed that the full-length genome of the SHCM2019 strain was 7,567 nucleotides (nt) in length, including a 27-nucleotide poly(A) tail. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this virus was a PSV isolate belonging to the Chinese strain cluster. Recombination analysis indicated that there might be a recombination breakpoint upstream of the 3D region of the genome. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that the virus isolate could cause diarrhoea and pneumonia in piglets. In breif, a recombinant PSV strain, SHCM2019, was isolated and shown to be pathogenic. Our results may provide a reference for future research on the pathogenic mechanism and evolutionary characteristics of PSV.