Lack of incremental value of three-dimensional measurement in assessing invasiveness for lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of consolidation-to-tumour ratio (CTR) and the radiomic models in two- and three-dimensional modalities for assessing radiological invasiveness in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Shenzhen People's Hospital. Manual delineation of pulmonary nodules along the boundary was performed on cross-sectional images to extract radiomic features. Clinicopathological characteristics and radiomic signatures were identified in both cohorts. CTR and radiomic score for every patient were calculated. The performance of CTR and radiomic models were tested and validated in the respective cohorts. RESULTS: A total of 818 patients from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were included in the primary cohort, while 474 patients from Shenzhen People's Hospital constituted an independent validation cohort. Both CTR and radiomic score were identified as independent factors for predicting pathological invasiveness. CTR in two- and three-dimensional modalities exhibited comparable results with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves and were demonstrated in the validation cohort (area under the curve: 0.807 vs 0.826, P = 0.059) Furthermore, both CTR in two- and three-dimensional modalities was able to stratify patients with significant relapse-free survival (P < 0.000 vs P < 0.000) and overall survival (P = 0.003 vs P = 0.001). The radiomic models in two- and three-dimensional modalities demonstrated favourable discrimination and calibration in independent cohorts (P = 0.189). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional measurement provides no additional clinical benefit compared to two-dimensional.

[Testicular injection of lipopolysaccharide: An effective method for establishing the mouse model of orchitis].

OBJECTIVE: To search for a method of establishing a reliable mouse model of orchitis and investigate the association of orchitis with the activation of the inflammasome. METHODS: We equally randomized 40 adult male KM mice into groups A (sham operation), B (intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide ï¼»LPSï¼½), C (unilateral testicular injection of glacial acetic acid ï¼»GAAï¼½), and D (unilateral testicular injection of LPS). At 3 weeks after modeling, we measured the sperm concentration and percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) in the epididymis by computer-assisted semen analysis, observed the pathological changes in the testis tissue by HE staining, and determined the expressions of the Caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1ß proteins by Western blot. RESULTS: The sperm concentration in the epididymis was significantly decreased in groups B (ï¼»25.74 ± 3.19ï¼½ ×106/ml), C (ï¼»17.16 ± 4.41ï¼½ ×106/ml) and D (ï¼»16.92 ± 7.13ï¼½ ×106/ml) as compared with that in group A (ï¼»28.20 ± 1.63ï¼½ ×106/ml) (all P < 0.05), even more significantly in B than in C and D (P < 0.01), and so was PMS in groups B (ï¼»29.57 ± 2.16ï¼½%), C (ï¼»18.10 ± 2.38ï¼½%) and D (ï¼»7.34 ± 1.63ï¼½%) in comparison with group A (ï¼»59.34 ± 1.10ï¼½%) (P < 0.01), even more significantly in B and C than in D (P < 0.01). Light microscopy revealed different degrees of pathological changes in the testis tissue, most significant in group D, followed by C and B. Both the expressions of Caspase-1 and IL-1ß were remarkably up-regulated in groups B, C and D compared with those in group A (P < 0.01), even more markedly in D than in B and C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral testicular injection of LPS is a more efficient method than either unilateral testicular injection of GAA or intraperitoneal injection of LPS for establishing the mouse model of orchitis. Orchitis may be pathologically associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.