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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a serious complication of SLE that involves the nervous system and produces neurological or psychiatric symptoms. After decades of research, it is now believed that the diverse clinical manifestations of NPSLE are associated with intricate mechanisms, and that genetic factors, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, vascular lesions, multiple autoimmune antibodies, cytokines, and neuronal cell death may all contribute to the development of NPSLE. The complexity and diversity of NPSLE manifestations and the clinical overlap with other related neurological or psychiatric disorders make its accurate diagnosis difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, in this review, we describe the known pathogenesis and potential causative factors of NPSLE and briefly outline its treatment that may help in the diagnosis and treatment of NPSLE.
RESUMO
To monitor the safety status of the bolts in coal mining roadways in real time, the safety and stability of the bolt support structure were evaluated. Based on the conventional support bolts used in the field, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor and medium materials were selected. Through theoretical analysis, the bolt tension, and FBG temperature tests, the strain transmission mechanism of the FBG bolt was analyzed, and it was ensured that the developed FBG bolt could accurately measure the strain of the bolt. In the field test, FBG bolts were arranged on the positive and negative sides of the mining roadway to accurately monitor the safety status of the bolts in service in real time, and the force characteristics of the bolts monitored by the FBG sensor were analyzed to obtain the maximum axial force of the positive and negative bolts. Thereafter, the safety status of the roadway bolt was evaluated. The results show that the positive side bolts axial force change is significantly greater than that of the negative side bolt; with the working face advancing to a distance of 60 m from the bolt as the dividing line, the positive side bolts axial force grows slowly before this, after which the axial force increases rapidly. The locations of the roadway where the positive and negative bolts are most affected by mining are determined, and roadway support and prevention measures for this location should be conducted in time. The safety status of the bolts is evaluated and monitored as follows: the positive side No. 2, No. 3, No. 5, and No. 6 bolts have reached the failure state, the positive side No. 4 bolt is in a dangerous state, the positive side No. 1, negative side No. 8 and No. 9 are in an abnormal state, and the negative side No. 7, No. 10, No. 11, and No. 12 are in a normal condition. This research has laid a technical foundation for the real-time monitoring of the bolt support of the mining roadway and the assessment of the safety status of bolts.
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Fenômenos MecânicosRESUMO
Introduction : Targeted medication, including mostly biologics and small-molecule chemical drugs, is an important therapy for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). There are still limited data on the preference of different targeted drugs in Chinese AS patients. Methods : A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was performed on AS patients from six hospitals in three provinces in South China. Anti-rheumatic diseases' medication history includes the recent and previous usage of biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in the last complete course of treatment, disease severity, and reasons for targeted-treatment change or preference. Results : 354 of 366 participants responded to the online survey. The participants' median age was 32 years, with a median of 7.3 years of disease duration; 79.7% were male. 63.6% of them were in the course of biologics or JAKi. Generic ETN is the most widely used and willing-to-use biologic though the proportion of its usage shrunk in the present compared with the past. The choice of original-branded ADA demonstrated an increase in usage. The preference of secukinumab and tofacitinib depicted a quick ascending trend. Conclusion : TNF-α inhibitors (TNFi) are still the most popular targeted medication for AS in China. Their price influences patients' preferences mostly. The doctor's recommendation is also part of the equation. Rheumatologists should pay more attention to patients' education to formulate targeted therapeutic plans.