Expression and Clinicopathological Significance of SOX11 in Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression of neuronal transcription factor SOX11 in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and compare it with the expression of CD56 (nerve cell adhesion molecule), synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) to explore the application value of SOX11 in the pathological diagnosis of SCLC. Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of SOX11, TTF-1, CD56, Syn, and CgA in 120 lung tumor tissues, and experimental results were analyzed using SPSS23.0 statistical software. Results: Immunohistochemical results showed that in the 120 lung tumor samples, SOX11 was highly expressed in SCLC and localized to the nucleus, with low or no expression in control carcinoid/lung neuroendocrine tumors, lung adenocarcinomas, and lung squamous cell carcinomas. Statistical analysis results revealed the following points. First, the expression of SOX11 was closely related to the tumor histological type. The expression of SOX11 in SCLC (positive rate of 63.33%) was significantly higher than that in carcinoid/neuroendocrine tumors (positive rate of 12.50%), lung adenocarcinoma (positive rate of 0%), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (positive rate of 0%). Second, immunohistochemical investigation of 60 SCLC cases revealed that the highest positive rates of CD56, TTF-1, and Syn, respectively, were 93.33 percent, 95 percent, and 86.67 percent. SOX11 also exhibited high sensitivity (0.633) and specificity (0.875) in SCLC. The positive rates of SOX11 and CgA were 63.33% and 50.00%, respectively. Statistical results revealed that the positive rate of CgA had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Lastly, the combined use of antibodies SOX11, CgA, CD56, Syn, and TTF-1 was more beneficial to improving the diagnosis rate of SCLC than the single use of one or two antibodies. Conclusion: The expression of SOX11 in different histological types of lung tumors differs considerably. SOX11 is highly expressed in SCLC. SOX11 can be used as a beneficial supplement to the combination of classical neuroendocrine markers and in combination with CgA, CD56, Syn, and TTF-1 to assist in the diagnosis of SCLC.

CT-Assisted Improvements in the Accuracy of the Intraoperative Frozen Section Examination of Ground-Glass Density Nodules.

OBJECTIVES: The intraoperative frozen section examination (IFSE) of pulmonary ground-glass density nodules (GGNs) is a great challenge. In the present study, through comparing the correlation between the computed tomography (CT) findings and pathological diagnosis of GGNs, the CT features as independent risk factors affecting the examination were defined, and their value in the rapid intraoperative examination of GGNs was explored. METHODS: The relevant clinical data of 90 patients with GGNs on CT were collected, and all CT findings of GGNs, including the maximum transverse diameter, average CT value, spiculation, solid component, vascular sign, air sign, bronchus sign, lobulation, and pleural indentation, were recorded. All the cases received thoracoscopic surgery, and final pathological results were obtained. The cases were divided into three groups on the basis of pathological diagnosis: benign/atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/microinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). The CT findings were analyzed statistically, the independent risk factors were identified through the intergroup bivariate logistic regression analysis on variables with statistically significant differences, and a receiver operating curve (ROC) was plotted to establish a logistic regression model for diagnosing GGNs. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the coincidence rate of the rapid intraoperative and routine postoperative pathological examinations of the 90 cases with GGNs. The relevant clinical data of 49 cases with GGNs were collected. Conventional rapid intraoperative examination and CT-assisted rapid intraoperative examination were performed, and their coincidence rates with routine postoperative pathological examinations were compared. RESULTS: No statistical differences in the onset age, gender, smoking history, and family history of malignant tumors were found among cases with GGNs in the identification of benign/AAH, AIS/MIA, and IAC (P = 0.158, P = 0.947, P = 0.746, P = 0.566). No statistically significant difference was found among the three groups in terms of CT findings, such as lobulation, bronchus sign, pleural indentation, spiculation, vascular sign, and solid component (P > 0.05). The air sign, the maximum transverse diameter of GGNs, and average CT value showed statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on three risk factors, and the predicted probability value was obtained. A ROC curve was plotted by using the maximum transverse diameter as a predictor for analysis between the groups with benign/AAH and AIS/MIA, and the results demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.692. A ROC curve was plotted by using the predicted probability value, maximum transverse diameter, and average CT value as predictors for distinguishing between the groups with AIS/MIA and IAC, and the results showed that the AUC values of the predicted probability value, maximum transverse diameter, and CT value were 0.920, 0.816, and 0.772, respectively. A regression model [Logit (P) = 2.304 - 2.689X1 + 0.302X2 + 0.011X3] was established to identify GGNs as IAC, obtaining AUC values of up to 0.920 for the groups with AIS/MIA and IAC, the sensitivity of 0.821, and the specificity of 0.894. The coincidence rate of rapid intraoperative and routine postoperative pathological examinations taken for modeling was 79.3%, that of conventional IFSE and postoperative pathological examination in prospective studies was 83.7%, and that of CT-assisted rapid intraoperative and postoperative pathological examinations was 98.0%. The former two were statistically different from the last one (P = 0.003 and P = 0.031, respectively). CONCLUSION: The air sign, maximum transverse diameter, and average CT value of the CT findings of GGNs had superior capabilities to enhance the pathologic classification of GGNs. The auxiliary function of the comprehensive multifactor analysis of GGNs was better than that of single-factor analysis. CT-assisted diagnosis can improve the accuracy of rapid intraoperative examination, thereby increasing the accuracy of the selection of operative approaches in clinical practice.

A study of wavelet analysis based error compensation for the angular measuring system of high-precision test turntables.

An angular measuring system is the most important component of high-precision test turntables; its function and precision determine the turntable's function and precision. The angular measuring system's error was considered as a stationary signal in the past. An autocorrelation function and spectrum characteristics of the angular measuring system error are analyzed using the cyclostationary signal theory. The idea that the error in the angular measuring system is nonstationary is first put forward; theory is provided to reconstruct the angular measuring system's error signal using wavelet analysis. The error signal is reconstructed using one-dimensional Mallat's algorithm. The standard deviation between the reconstructed and the original signal is much less than the angular measuring system's accuracy. The reconstruction signal is used to compensate the system error instead of the original error signal; the angular measuring system accuracy is improved.