Changes in the levels of IL-1ß, cortisol and chromogranin A in saliva of subjects with occupational fatigue.

Changes in the levels of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) in saliva of subjects with occupational fatigue were investigated. Doctors in the Emergency Department were selected as research subjects. Saliva was collected before work (after full rest) and after work (≥24 h). Electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of IL-1ß, cortisol and CgA in saliva. In order to obtain permission for human specimens, the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering and registered for clinical trials (registration no. ChiC-TR-DCD-14005746). As there were only 4 subjects in this study without fatigue waves in EEG, and the number of these subjects was not sufficient to constitute a control group, the comparison of the contents of IL-1ß, cortisol and CgA of all subjects before and after working for 18 h was just a confirmation of the statistical results of 43 cases with fatigue waves in the EEG. According to the results, there was no change in the contents of IL-1ß and cortisol in the saliva of subjects with occupational fatigue before and after fatigue, whereas, there was a significant change in the content of CgA before and after fatigue. However, there was no correlation between the content of CgA and fatigue. The results of the present study revealed that IL-1ß, cortisol and CgA indicators are not suitable diagnostic markers for occupational fatigue.

Review fantastic medical implications of 3D-printing in liver surgeries, liver regeneration, liver transplantation and drug hepatotoxicity testing: A review.

The epidemiological trend in liver diseases becomes more serious worldwide. Several recent articles published by International Journal of Surgery in 2018 particularly emphasized the encouraging clinical benefits of hepatectomy, liver regeneration and liver transplantation, however, there are still many technical bottlenecks underlying these therapeutic approaches. Remarkably, a few preliminary studies have shown some clues to the role of three-dimensional (3D) printing in improving traditional therapy for liver diseases. Here, we concisely elucidated the curative applications of 3D-printing (no cells) and 3D Bio-printing (with hepatic cells), such as 3D-printed patient-specific liver models and devices for medical education, surgical simulation, hepatectomy and liver transplantation, 3D Bio-printed hepatic constructs for liver regeneration and artificial liver, 3D-printed liver tissues for evaluating drug's hepatotoxicity, and so on. Briefly, 3D-printed liver models and bioactive tissues may facilitate a lot of key steps to cure liver disorders, predictably bringing promising clinical benefits. This work further provides novel insights into facilitating treatment of hepatic carcinoma, promoting liver regeneration both in vivo and in vitro, expanding transplantable liver resources, maximizing therapeutic efficacy as well as minimizing surgical complications, medical hepatotoxicity, operational time, economic costs, etc.

[Effect of the Combination of Xiyanping and Cefazolin on the Function of Neutrophils in Mice].

Xiyanping is used to treat infectious diseases with antibiotics in clinic. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Xiyanping through studying the effect of the combination of Xiyanping with Cefazolin on the chemotaxis and phagocytic function of peripheral blood neutrophils in mice. Ten healthy mice were in control group. Forty healthy mice in experimental group were infected with staphylococcus aureus, and were randomly divided further into four groups, i. e. model group, Xiyanping group, Cefazolin group and combination group (Xiyanping with Cefazolin). Mice in the control group and model group were given normal saline (NS) through abdomen while those in other groups were given Xiyanping, Cefazolin, and Xiyanping with Cefazolin, respectively. The chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils was detected with the transwell method, and the phagocytic function of peripheral blood neutrophils was analyzed with flow cytometry (FCM). In the present study, there was no significance on the chemotactic index of peripheral blood neutrophils in all the groups (P > 0.05). The actual phagocytotic rate and index of peripheral blood neutrophils in the blank group, Xiyanping group, and the combination group were significantly higher than those of the model group and Cefazolin group (P < 0.05). However, those were not significant in the blank group, Xiyanping group, and the combination group (P > 0.05) or between the model group and Cefazolin group (P> 0.05). Our results suggested the combination of Xiyanping and Cefazolin could enhance the therapeutic effect by improving the phagocytic function of peripheral blood neutrophils.