Clinical effects of detailed nursing management interventions on medication adherence and disease perception in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease that considerably jeopardizes human health, and there is no effective vaccine suitable for its prevention in the entire population. AIM: To investigate the promotion of medication adherence and disease cognition in patients with drug-resistant (DR-)TB using detailed nursing management. METHODS: In total, 114 patients with DR-TB who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 were included in this study. Patients in the control group (n = 57) were managed with conventional nursing care, while those in the observation group (n = 57) were managed with detailed nursing care. Medication adherence, disease awareness scores, medication safety, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups after the intervention. RESULTS: The post-intervention medication compliance rate was 91.23% in the observation group and 75.44% in the control group, with the former being 15.79% higher than the latter (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the disease awareness scores between the two groups before the intervention; the disease awareness scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the intervention (P < 0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions, joint swelling and pain, hearing loss, electrolyte disorders, and liver and kidney function abnormalities were lower in the observation group than those in the control group. The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Implementation of detailed nursing management for patients with DR-TB can effectively improve medication adherence, enhance awareness of the disease, ensure safety of medication, and improve satisfaction with nursing care.

Association of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin with parameters of CKD-MBD in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is not only a biomarker of kidney injury but also a bone-derived factor involved in metabolism. We aimed to explore relationships between plasma NGAL and chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) parameters in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, a cross sectional observational study, including 105 MHD patients, was conducted to explore relationships between plasma NGAL levels and CKD-MBD parameters. Second, impact of parathyroidectomy and auto-transplantation (PTX + AT) on plasma NGAL was investigated in 12 MHD patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). RESULTS: According to Spearman correlation analysis, plasma NGAL levels were positively correlated with female (r = 0.243, P = 0.012), vintage (r = 0.290, P = 0.003), Klotho (r = 0.234, P = 0.016), calcium(Ca) (r = 0.332, P = 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (r = 0.401, P < 0.001) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (r = 0.256, P = 0.008); while inversely correlated with albumin(Alb) (r = - 0.201, P = 0.039). After adjusting for age, sex, vintage, Alb and all parameters of CKD-MBD(Ca, P, lg(ALP), lg(iPTH), Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)), lg(NGAL) were positively correlated with Ca (r = 0.481, P < 0.001), P (r = 0.336, P = 0.037), lg(ALP) (r = 0.646, P < 0.001) in Partial correlation analysis; further multiple linear regression analysis showed same positive associations between lg(NGAL) and Ca (ß = 0.330, P = 0.002), P (ß = 0.218, P = 0.037), lg(ALP) (ß = 0.671, P < 0.001). During the 4-7 days after PTX + AT, plasma NGAL decreased from 715.84 (578.73, 988.14) to 688.42 (660.00, 760.26) ng/mL (P = 0.071), Klotho increased from 496.45 (341.73, 848.30) to 1138.25 (593.87, 2009.27) pg/mL (P = 0.099). CONCLUSION: Plasma NGAL levels were positively associated with ALP in MHD patients; and downtrends were shown after PTX + AT in patients with severe SHPT. These findings suggest that NGAL is a participant in CKD-MBD under MHD condition.

Clinical Manifestations, Fluid Changes and Neuroimaging Alterations in Patients with General Paresis of the Insane.

PURPOSE: We aim to study the clinical manifestations, fluid changes and neuroimaging alterations in patients with general paresis of the insane (GPI). METHODS: A total of 119 patients suffering from GPI recruited in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In 119 GPI patients, 103 cases (86.6%) were male. Misdiagnosed rate was up to 83.2%, schizophrenia and mood disorders were the most common misdiagnosed diseases. Duration from symptom onset to the final confirmed diagnosis was 10.4±12.9 months. The main clinical manifestations included cognitive impairment (114 cases, 95.8%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (107 cases, 90.0%). The cognitive domains including the delayed recall, visuospatial/executive function and language ability indicated by MoCA score were damaged severely. Rapid plasma regain (RPR) of all GPI patients was 100% positive in serum and 89.9% positive in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The white blood cell (WBC) number in CSF was between 6 and 50/µL in 73 GPI patients (61.3%). The protein level was between 45.1 and 70mg/dL in 47 cases (39.5%). In the 110 cases, 96 cases (87.3%) were abnormal indicated by cerebral atrophy mostly located in the anterior brain and abnormal signals distributed in various regions of the brain mostly in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe. CONCLUSION: The symptoms of GPI were complex and easy to misdiagnose. The clinicians were still short of vigilance for neurosyphilis. We should expand serologic testing for syphilis especially in patients with cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We suggest syphilis curricula in the training program of the clinicians especially for neurologist and psychiatrist.

Immunization with nontreponemal antigen alters the course of experimental syphilis in the rabbit model.

The role of nontreponemal antibodies in the Treponema pallidum infection course is unclear. We investigated the effect of immunization with nontreponemal antigen on T. pallidum-challenged rabbits. Nontreponemal antigen was injected intravenously into rabbits in the nontreponemal group (n = 12) to elicit antibodies (≥1:64), and normal saline-injected rabbits were used as controls (n = 12). Then, rabbits were challenged with 106T. pallidum per site along their back. Lesion development was observed, and the injection sites were biopsied for mRNA analysis every week. Six rabbits from both groups were euthanized at 14 d and 28 d. The popliteal lymph nodes were extracted to assess infectivity using a rabbit infectivity test. The maximum lesion diameters were not different between the two groups (12.4 ± 0.9 mm in the nontreponemal group vs. 12.5 ± 1.0 mm in the control group, P = 0.386), but the time to maximum diameter appearance was delayed by approximately 4 d in the nontreponemal group (14.4 ± 1.6 d vs. 10.8 ± 1.9 d, P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in the proportions of lesions (58/60 (96.7%) vs. 59/60 (98.3%), P = 0.500) or ulcers (55/60 (91.7%) vs. 57/60 (95.0%), P = 0.359) between the two groups. An ulcer development delay of 5 d was observed in the nontreponemal group (19.3 ± 2.0 d vs. 14.0 ± 1.8 d, P = 0.000). IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the nontreponemal group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 7 d and 14 d post-challenge. flaA mRNA expression and the rabbit infectivity test positive rate were not different between the two groups. Immunization with nontreponemal antigen altered the syphilis course in rabbits, resulting in delayed maximal lesion diameter and ulcer development, but it could not inhibit the spread of T. pallidum from primary lesion sites to viscera.

Elevation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Light and Heavy Neurofilament Levels in Symptomatic Neurosyphilis.

BACKGROUND: Although clinical manifestations of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurosyphilis are different, few laboratory tests could reflect the difference. METHODS: A total of 92 non-HIV-infected patients with syphilis were enrolled in this study, including 23 with symptomatic neurosyphilis, 51 with asymptomatic neurosyphilis, and 18 with latent syphilis, which were excluded neurosyphilis because they were found to have no symptom and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests and served as the control group. The concentrations of neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) in the CSF were measured and compared among these groups, as well as before and after treatment in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. RESULTS: The median concentrations of NF-L in the symptomatic neurosyphilis, asymptomatic neurosyphilis, and control groups were 5806, 218, and 266 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001), and the median concentrations of pNF-H were 986, 43, and 49 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). A subgroup of 15 symptomatic neurosyphilis and 10 asymptomatic neurosyphilis patients were followed up and underwent CSF examination 6 months after the antineurosyphilis treatment. The median concentration of NF-L in the symptomatic neurosyphilis group decreased from baseline 6420 to 2914 pg/mL after the treatment (P = 0.03), and the median concentration of pNF-H in the symptomatic neurosyphilis group decreased from baseline 1399 to 246 pg/mL after the treatment (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Neurofilament light subunit and pNF-H were significantly elevated in the symptomatic neurosyphilis patients, not in asymptomatic neurosyphilis, which was an implication of the different pathogeneses in neurosyphilis.

[Mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules on improving liver injury in hyperlipidemia rats based on MAPK pathway].

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and preliminary mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules( DJC) on liver of hyperlipidemic rats. The hyperlipidemia models were successfully made by high-fat diet for 12 weeks in male SD rats,and then divided into model control group and DJC treatment groups( 500 and 1 000 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1) via gavage administration for additional 8 weeks.The levels of serum lipid and liver metabolism indices were detected; HE and oil red O staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver. Expression levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2( ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase( JNK),and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase( p38 MAPK) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR). Expression of MCP-1,phosphorylated ERK( p-ERK),phosphorylated JNK( p-JNK),and phosphorylated p38 MAPK( p-p38) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that DJC decreased body weight and serum levels of total cholesterol( TC),triglyceride( TG),alanine aminotransferase( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase( AST),increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C) level,ameliorate injury and lipid deposition in the liver induced by the high-fat diet,decreased mRNA expression of ERK1/2,JNK and p-38 MAPK as well as protein expression of p-ERK,p-JNK,p-p38,and MCP-1,somewhat showing a dose-dependent effect. Therefore,DJC has an obvious protective effect on liver of hyperlipidemic rats with certain dose-dependent effect,and the mechanism may be related with inhibiting MAPK pathways and inflammation.

[Effects of rotational grazing methods on soil aggregates and organic carbon characteristics in desert steppe.] / è½®ç‰§æ–¹å¼å¯¹è’æ¼ è‰åŽŸåœŸå£¤å›¢èšä½“åŠæœ‰æœºç¢³ç‰¹å¾çš„å½±å“.

Reasonable rotation is of great significance to grassland management. We examined the distribution characteristics, stability, organic carbon content and contribution rate of 0-30 cm soil aggregates in the forbidding grazing, continuous grazing, and rotation in the two-paddock, four-paddock and six-paddock rotational districts in a desert steppe in Ningxia. The results showed that except for the forbidding grazing grassland that was dominated by mechanically stable large aggrega-tes, other water-stable aggregates were mainly composed of microaggregates. Increasing the rotational grazing zoning was conducive to maintain the content of water-stable aggregates in the surface soil and increase the content of large aggregates. The mechanical stability aggregate fractal dimension was the largest in continuous grazing, increased the fractal dimension of the rotation and shepherd partition to reduce the trend, but the fractal dimension of water-stable aggregates did not change. The average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the aggregates were the largest in the pastoral grassland and increased with the increases of the rotational grassland partition. MWD and GMD were negatively correlated with the microaggregate content. The organic carbon content in water-stable large aggregate was higher in the six-paddock rotational district and forbidding grazing, and the two-paddock rotational grazing and continuous grazing were lower. The contribution rate of micro-aggregates organic carbon to soil organic carbon content was higher in this region. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the contribution rate of organic carbon in large aggregates increased with the increases of rotation. Considering the characteristics of soil aggregates and their organic carbon, the rotation of six-paddock was the most suitable method for rotational grazing in the desert steppe of the study area.

Clinical significance of autoantibodies in the assessment and treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

The present study aimed to explore the correlation between the dynamic serum levels of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), aldose reductase (AR) and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2) antibodies with disease activity and treatment response in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). The present study included 56 patients with IMN who were diagnosed through a renal biopsy and presenting with nephrotic syndrome. The patients were divided into two treatment groups: One treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and one with tacrolimus (FK506). Serum was collected prior to treatment, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the start of the 12-month-long therapy. Samples were tested by ELISA to measure anti-PLA2R, anti-AR and anti-SOD2 antibody titers. In addition, urinary protein excretion, serum albumin (Alb) and other blood biochemical indexes were measured. Theanti-PLA2R antibody positivity rate was 71.43% in the patients prior to treatment. After 12 months of treatment, proteinuria and PLA2R antibody levels were decreased, whereas serum Alb was increased. There was no significant difference of remission rates between the CTX and FK506 groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the anti-PLA2R antibody level is correlated with the severity of IMN, whereas anti-AR and anti-SOD2 antibody levels are not. In addition, there was no significant difference between the CTX and FK506 groups in regards to the remission rates of patients with IMN.

Clustering of major cardiovascular risk factors is associated with arterial stiffness in adults.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that clustering of major CVD risk factors is common. We aimed to explore the association of clustering of CVD risk factors with arterial stiffness in adults. METHODS: A total of 9984 adults were enrolled. We investigated clustering of four major CVD risk factors (defined as two or more of the following: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high body mass index) and their association with arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). RESULTS: In the study group (52.2% men, the mean age was 55.4 ± 10.5 years; only 11.9% of participants were free of any pre-defined CVD risk factors and 61.8% of participants had clustering of CVD risk factors. The cfPWV was significantly higher in the clustered risk factors group than in the no risk factor or the single risk factor groups (16.1 ± 3.1, 13.4 ± 2.2, and 14.3 ± 2.6 m/s, respectively; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, gender, clustering of CVD risk factors, serum uric acid, and decreased renal function positively correlated with cfPWV. For a categorical outcome, the highest cfPWV quartile (cfPWV ≥ 16.9 m/s) was compared with the lower three quartiles. After adjusting for potential confounders, clustering of CVD risk factors significantly correlated with increased cfPWV compared with that in the no risk factor group, with an odds ratio of 5.76 (95% confidence interval: 4.46-7.44). CONCLUSIONS: Clustering of CVD risk factors significantly correlated with arterial stiffness; this confirms the importance of lifestyle modification to reduce the burden of CVD.

Prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of osteoporosis in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia.

Patients with schizophrenia have a high prevalence of developing osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures. We examined the prevalence of osteoporosis and its clinical correlates in Chinese patients with schizophrenia, which is not well-studied. A total of 199 inpatients (males/females=132/67; average age: 54.5±11.1years) and 107 healthy controls (males/females=22/85; average age: 41.7±11.9years) were recruited. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by ultrasonography of the calcaneus. The prevalence of osteoporosis and low BMD (osteoporosis and osteopenia) was 23.1% and 65.3% for the patient group, versus 7.5% and 39.3% for the control group (both p<0.001). Further, the average BMD T-score in patients was significantly lower than in controls (p<0.05). There was gender difference in the prevalence of low BMD conditions for the patients (males: 56.1% versus females: 76.1%; p<0.01) as well as the BMD T-score (p<0.001). Several risk factors correlated with the osteoporosis classification in the patient group: older age (58.9±11.2years vs. 53.3±11.0years), lower weight (63.7±12.2kg vs. 70.4±15.2kg) and body mass index (BMI) (22.8±4.1kg/m2 vs. 24.2±4.7kg/m2; all p<0.01) than those without osteoporosis. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that age, weight and BMI remained significantly associated with osteoporosis. In addition, correlation analysis showed significant correlations between BMD T-score and the following parameters: gender, age and drug type (clozapine versus non-clozapine) (Bonferroni corrected p's<0.05). Our results suggest a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Chinese schizophrenic inpatients, with both the expected risk factors of gender and age, as well as drug type.

[Effect of Active Ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe on Spatial Learning and Memory Capacities, and Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP in Hippocampus of AD Model Rats].

Objective To observe the effects of active ingredients of Qingxin Kaiqiao Recipe (QKR) , such as saponins, volatile oils, effective compositions of polysaccharides, on expressions of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) , B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) , and ß-amyloid precursor protein (pAPP) in hippocampus of Ap1_40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. Methods Totally 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group, 16 in each group. The AD rat model was established by injecting Aß1₋40 from bilateral hippocampus. Equal volume of double distilled water was administered to rats by gastrogavage in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, the model group from the 2nd day after modeling, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). Aricept (Donepezil Hydrochloride Tablet, 1. 67 mg/kg per day) , saponin (9 mL/kg per day) , benzene (3. 33 mL/kg per day) , and polysaccharides (8. 33 mL/kg per day) was administered to rats by gastro- gavage to the Aricept group, the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharides group, re- spectively, once per day for 2 successive weeks (at 10:00 am). By the end of gastrogavage spatial learning and memory capacities were detected using Morris water maze (MWZ). Apoptosis in hippocam- pal CAI region was detected using TUNEL staining. Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PAPP were measured via Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results There was no statistical difference in pre-modeling escape latency and times of crossing platforms among groups at the same time point (P >0. 05). Besides, escape latency was gradu- ally shortened as time went by. Compared with the model group, escape latency was shortened, and times of crossing platforms was significantly increased in the Aricept group and the saponin group (P < 0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, the amount of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 re- gion was obviously reduced (P <0. 05, P <0. 01) , expressions levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and pAPP were down-regulated, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was obviously elevated in the saponin group, the volatile oil group, the polysaccharide group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Conclusion Three active ingredients (spaonins, benzene, and polysaccharides) of QKR could improve spatial memory and learning capacities to different degrees, which might be possibly achieved by decreasing expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, PAPP in hippocampal CA1 region, elevating Bcl-2 expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus.

[Joint effect of co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the toxicity of earthworm.] / 铜-毒死蜱对蚯蚓的联合毒性效应.

In order to reveal the toxicity effect and risk of co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos in the current soil environment of China, using the earthworm Eisenia fetida as model organism, the effect of single, and co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the growth and antioxidant response of earthworm were analyzed by using the methods of filter paper test and artificial soil test. The results showed that the growth rate of earthworm tended to decrease with the increase of single exposure concentrations of Cu and chlorpyrifos in artificial soil test. The mass of earthworm had a relatively flat changing rate with the co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos. Using the addition of probability, the q values of different concentration groups of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the earthworm mass were less than 0.55, which indicated significant antagonistic effect. The joint effect of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the activities of CAT and SOD indicated antagonistic effect in filter paper test, while the effects of co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the contents of GSH and MDA showed a synergy effect of low concentrations and antagonism effect of high concentrations.

Relationship between occult hepatitis B virus infection and chronic kidney disease in a Chinese population-based cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have revealed inconsistent results regarding the association between occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the association between occult HBV infection and CKD. METHODS: A total of 4329 adults, aged 46.2 ± 13.7 years, without CKD at baseline were enrolled while undergoing physical examinations. Occult HBV infection was defined as seropositivity for antibody to HBV core antigen. CKD was defined as decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2) or presence of proteinuria ≥1+, assessed using a repeated dipstick method. eGFR was computed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. RESULTS: The prevalence of occult HBV infection was 8.1% (352/4329). During 5 years of follow-up, 165 patients (3.8%) developed CKD. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that occult HBV infection was positively associated with decreased eGFR, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-4.11). In contrast, occult HBV infection was not associated with either proteinuria or CKD (P > 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, age, hypertension, diabetes, and the highest quartile of uric acid were associated with CKD, with ORs of 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02-1.05), 2.1 (95% CI: 1.46-3.01), 2.02 (95% CI: 1.36-2.99), and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.17-2.95), respectively. However, occult HBV infection was not associated with CKD, with an OR of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.65-1.95). CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find an association between occult HBV infection and CKD. However, high-risk patients infected with HBV should still be targeted for monitoring for the development of CKD.

Raman and Visible-Near Infrared Spectra of Cu(InGa)Se2 Films.

Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2(CIGS) precursor films were prepared on ITO glass with potentiostatic electrodeposition. High quality CIGS films were obtained by selenization of the precursor films at high temperature in tubular furnace full of argon gas. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure, morphology, composition and Vis-NIR absorption of CIGS films, respectively. XRD results show the selenized CIGS films have a preferential orientation (112) with average crystallite of 24.7 nm. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the CIGS films are pure quaternaryphases with chalcopyrite structure, and without binary or ternary phases in the films. Vis-NIR measurements determine that the bandgap of CIGS increases with the increase of Ga concentration in the film. When the Ga concentration is 5.41%, its bandgap is about 1.11 eV, and the calculated ratio of Ga to (Ga+In) is 16.3%, which is less than the ratio of Ga to (Ga+In), 21.4%, measured by SEM. This indicates that crystallinity of CIGS filmsneeds to be further improved. All the measurements demonstratethat optimum ITO/CIGS has a promising application in bifacial solar cells. In this paper, we provide a newmethodtoelectrodeposit low cost CIGS precursor films and a new method forselenization ofthe precursor films at high temperature. As a result, theuniform and compact CIGS films with good adhesion on ITO are successfully fabricated by these methods. The above characterization show that we have obtained CIGS films with high crystallinity, near stoichiometry, few impurity phases and superior light absorption. Electrodeposition, like magnetron sputtering, is very suitable for large-scale industrial production. The research work in this paper is therefore important and considerable to massive production of electrodeposition of CIGS films.

Raman and Visible-Near Infrared Spectra of Cu(InGa)Se2 Films.

Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2(CIGS) precursor films were prepared on ITO glass with potentiostatic electrodeposition. High quality CIGS films were obtained by selenization of the precursor films at high temperature in tubular furnace full of argon gas. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure, morphology, composition and Vis-NIR absorption of CIGS films, respectively. XRD results show the selenized CIGS films have a preferential orientation (112) with average crystallite of 24.7 nm. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the CIGS films are pure quaternaryphases with chalcopyrite structure, and without binary or ternary phases in the films. Vis-NIR measurements determine that the bandgap of CIGS increases with the increase of Ga concentration in the film. When the Ga concentration is 5.41%, its bandgap is about 1.11 eV, and the calculated ratio of Ga to (Ga+In) is 16.3%, which is less than the ratio of Ga to (Ga+In), 21.4%, measured by SEM. This indicates that crystallinity of CIGS filmsneeds to be further improved. All the measurements demonstratethat optimum ITO/CIGS has a promising application in bifacial solar cells. In this paper, we provide a newmethodtoelectrodeposit low cost CIGS precursor films and a new method forselenization ofthe precursor films at high temperature. As a result, theuniform and compact CIGS films with good adhesion on ITO are successfully fabricated by these methods. The above characterization show that we have obtained CIGS films with high crystallinity, near stoichiometry, few impurity phases and superior light absorption. Electrodeposition, like magnetron sputtering, is very suitable for large-scale industrial production. The research work in this paper is therefore important and considerable to massive production of electrodeposition of CIGS films.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Homatula potanini (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae, Nemachilinae).

Homatula potanini is an endemic and one of ornamental fishes in the upper stream of the Yangtze River and its tributaries. However, wild populations of H. potanini declined sharply due to anthropological activity in the Jinsha River during the past decades. In present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequence of H. potanini was first determined by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence is a circular molecule of 16,569 bp in size. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The gene nucleotide composition of H. potanini is 30.1% A, 26.9% C, 16.7% G, and 26.3% T, with a relatively high A + T content (56.4%). The results could provide useful data for studies on genetic structure and rational resource conservation in H. potanini.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Schizothorax chongi (Fang, 1936) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Schizothoracinae).

Schizothorax chongi is an endemic and important polyploidy fish in the upper stream of the Yangtze River. S. chongi represents a typical model species to study historical adaptation and evolution in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequence of S. chongi was first determined by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments. The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome sequence of S. chongi is a circular molecule of 16,584 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The gene nucleotide composition of S. chongi is 29.6% A, 27.1% C, 17.9% G, and 25.4% T, with a high AT content (55.0%). The results could provide useful data for further studies on phylogenetics, conservation genetics and rational resource management for S. chongi.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Triplophysa anterodorsalis (Teleostei, Balitoridae, Nemacheilinae).

Triplophysa anterodorsalis is an endemic fish in the upper stream of the Yangtze River, Jinsha River and its tributaries. However, wild populations of T. anterodorsalis declined sharply due to cascade hydropower stations constructed successively in the Jinsha River during the past decades. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequence of T. anterodorsalis was first determined by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of T. anterodorsalis is a circular molecule of 16,567 bp in size. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The gene nucleotide composition of T. anterodorsalis is 27.37% A, 25.68% C, 18.37% G, and 28.57% T, with a relatively a relatively high A + T content (55.94%). The results could provide useful data for studies on genetic structure and diversity and rational resource conservation in T. anterodorsalis.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Jinshaia sinensis (Teleostei, Balitoridae, Balitorinae).

Jinshaia sinensis is an endemic and typical fish which is successfully adaptive to mountain torrents in the upper stream of the Yangtze River and its tributaries. In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of J. sinensis has been first sequenced by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments. The mitogenome, consisting of 16,567 base pairs (bp), had typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and a noncoding control region (CR). The overall base composition of J. sinensis is 30.37% A, 28.82% C, 16.59% G, and 24.22% T, with a relatively a slight AT bias of 54.59%. CR of 903 bp length is located between tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Phe). The complete mitochondrial genome may provide fundamental informative data not only for unravel the population structure and differentiation, but also for further conservation genetics studies on this balitorid species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Lepturichthys fimbriata (Teleostei, Balitoridae, Balitorinae).

Lepturichthys fimbriata is an endemic and an important commercial fish which distributes in the upper stream of the Yangtze River. In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of L. fimbriata has been first sequenced by DNA sequencing based on the PCR fragments. The mitogenome, consisting of 16,567 base pairs (bp), includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and a non-coding control region (CR). The overall base composition of L. fimbriata is 30.4% A, 28.7% C, 16.5% G, and 24.4% T, with a relatively a slight AT bias of 54.7%. CR of 903 bp length is located between tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Phe). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence would be useful for further studies on conservation genetics and resource management in L. fimbriata.