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1.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39390924

RESUMO

Objective:Hemorrhage after tonsil surgery in children is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication. The purpose of this study was to establish a risk warning model for hemorrhage after tonsil surgery in children through a national multi-center retrospective study, providing a basis for hierarchical management after tonsil surgery in children. Methods:Stratified sampling was performed on 8 854 children who underwent tonsillectomy under general anesthesia from 15 research centers in different provinces from January 15, 2022 to May 15, 2023. The sample size of this study was 2 724 cases, including 1 096 males and 1 628 females. Children were divided into bleeding and non-bleeding groups according to whether or not they had bleeding after surgery. The random forest algorithm was used to build a risk warning model. By continuously exploring the optimized model, the accuracy of predicting the postoperative bleeding rate of tonsils in children was improved, and the prediction effectiveness of the model was verified by ten-fold cross-validation. Results:Among 2 724 children, 117 had postoperative bleeding after tonsillectomy, with a bleeding rate of 4.30%. The model constructed by the random forest algorithm for the training set was verified in the test set, and the obtained prediction accuracy was 98.72%, the recall rate was 78.95%, and the area under the ROC curve AUC was 0.96. Conclusion:Although the recall rate of the random forest model needs to be improved, the overall accuracy is quite excellent. It can effectively avoid misjudging positive cases as negative cases. It is a useful tool that can be used to predict the postoperative bleeding rate of tonsils and clinical medical decision-making, laying a good foundation for subsequent optimization and improvement.


Assuntos
Hemorragia Pós-Operatória , Tonsilectomia , Humanos , Tonsilectomia/efeitos adversos , Tonsilectomia/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pré-Escolar , Algoritmos , Tonsila Palatina/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Algoritmo Florestas Aleatórias
2.
J Appl Clin Med Phys ; : e14547, 2024 Oct 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39369718

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In the current clinical diagnostic process, the gold standard for lymph node metastasis (LNM) diagnosis is histopathological examination following surgical lymphadenectomy. Developing a non-invasive and preoperative method for predicting LNM is necessary and holds significant clinical importance. METHODS: We develop a ranking attention multiple instance learning (RA-MIL) model that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and ranking attention pooling to diagnose LNM from T2 MRI. Our RA-MIL model applies the CNNs to derive imaging features from 2D MRI slices and employs ranking attention pooling to create patient-level feature representation for diagnostic classification. Based on the MIL and attention theory, informative regions of top-ranking MRI slices from LNM-positive patients are visualized to enhance the interpretability of automatic LNM prediction. This retrospective study collected 300 female patients with cervical cancer who underwent T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and histopathological diagnosis from one hospital (289 patients) and one open-source dataset (11 patients). RESULTS: Our RA-MIL model delivers promising LNM prediction performance, achieving the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.809 on the internal test set and 0.833 on the public dataset. Experiments show significant improvements in LNM status prediction using the proposed RA-MIL model compared with other state-of-the-art (SOTA) comparative deep learning models. CONCLUSIONS: The developed RA-MIL model has the potential to serve as a non-invasive auxiliary tool for preoperative LNM prediction, offering visual interpretability regarding informative MRI slices and regions in LNM-positive patients.

3.
Front Cell Dev Biol ; 12: 1447135, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39220683

RESUMO

ALKBH5 is one of the demethylases involved in the regulation of RNA m6A modification. In addition to its role in the dynamic regulation of RNA m6A modification, ALKBH5 has been found to play important roles in various tissues fibrosis processes in recent years. However, the mechanisms and effects of ALKBH5 in fibrosis have been reported inconsistently. Multiple cell types, including parenchymal cells, immune cells (neutrophils and T cells), macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, play roles in various stages of fibrosis. Therefore, this review analyzes the mechanisms by which ALKBH5 regulates these cells, its impact on their functions, and the outcomes of fibrosis. Furthermore, this review summarizes the role of ALKBH5 in fibrotic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and renal fibrosis, and discusses various ALKBH5 inhibitors that have been discovered to date, exploring the potential of ALKBH5 as a clinical target for fibrosis.

4.
J Clin Ultrasound ; 2024 Aug 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39189701

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis and management of pediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations (HNLMs). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 140 children who were referred to our hospital for the treatment of HNLMs. RESULTS: The median age at presentation was 12 months (1 day-171 months; 66.4% under 2 years old; 35.7% neonatus). The majority clinical presentations were asymptomatic mass (65.7%, 92/140) and cosmetic deformity (25.7%, 36/140). HNLMs involved the neck accounting for 65.7% (92/140), especially posterior cervical trigone (22.1%, 31/140), and submandibular (20.0%, 28/140). The US diagnostic accuracy was 91.4% (128/140). Their boundary with the surrounding tissues was usually clear (87.9%, 123/140), whereas the shape was mostly irregular (97.1%, 136/140). Based on surgical findings, there were 67 pure HNLMs and 73 intracystic hemorrhage. Between the two groups, there were statistical differences in capsule contents (χ2 = 7.8299, p = 0.0051), flocculent echo floating (χ2 = 21.2964, p < 0.0001), overlying skin (χ2 = 9.0498, p = 0.0026), and palpation (χ2 = 13.4058, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: US typically reveals the lesion with clear boundary, irregular morphology, anechoic contents, no blood flow signal, and echoic intracapsular septum with blood flow signal. In contrast, bluish appearance, tensional palpation, and capsule contents with low/mixed echo or flocculent echo floating may indicate intracystic hemorrhage.

5.
Bioresour Technol ; 408: 131193, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39094963

RESUMO

Energy self-circulation systems, defined as energy systems incorporating the recycling utilization of waste biomass, have been proposed to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from livestock sector. In this study, a comprehensive review of the situation and challenges of biogas utilization in the livestock industry was provided. Moreover, two technological routes were proposed for a circular livestock system combined with Powerfuels production (CP-CLS), starting from biogas combustion for power generation and steam reforming to the sustainable development path of synthesizing, storing, and utilizing Powerfuels. The self-circulation capability and comprehensive benefits of the CP-CLS life cycle was discussed, along with future application scenarios and proposed standards for Powerfuels. To realize this potential, continuous research, development, and policy support are crucial. This study envisions the next generation of energy self-circulation systems, which expects to reduce the negative effect of livestock industry on climate change and promote sustainable development.


Assuntos
Gado , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Indústria Alimentícia , Anaerobiose , Criação de Animais Domésticos
6.
Hormones (Athens) ; 23(3): 595, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39012430
7.
Adv Mater ; 36(32): e2402979, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38811011

RESUMO

Copper (Cu) nanomaterials are a unique kind of electrocatalysts for high-value multi-carbon production in carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which holds enormous potential in attaining carbon neutrality. However, phase engineering of Cu nanomaterials remains challenging, especially for the construction of unconventional phase Cu-based asymmetric heteronanostructures. Here the site-selective growth of Cu on unusual phase gold (Au) nanorods, obtaining three kinds of heterophase fcc-2H-fcc Au-Cu heteronanostructures is reported. Significantly, the resultant fcc-2H-fcc Au-Cu Janus nanostructures (JNSs) break the symmetric growth mode of Cu on Au. In electrocatalytic CO2RR, the fcc-2H-fcc Au-Cu JNSs exhibit excellent performance in both H-type and flow cells, with Faradaic efficiencies of 55.5% and 84.3% for ethylene and multi-carbon products, respectively. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the co-exposure of 2H-Au and 2H-Cu domains in Au-Cu JNSs diversifies the CO* adsorption configurations and promotes the CO* spillover and subsequent C-C coupling toward ethylene generation with reduced energy barriers.

8.
Head Neck ; 46(6): 1475-1485, 2024 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38337167

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To discuss the imaging manifestations and the utility of preoperative ultrasonography (US), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) in diagnosing the pediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations (HNLMs). METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 170 children who were referred to our hospital in the past 9 years for the treatment of HNLMs. RESULTS: The diagnostic rates of US, CE-CT and CE-MRI were 93.0% (146/157), 94.7% (143/151) and 100% (45/45), respectively. As in multilocular cases, intracystic septa detection rate was 91.5% (130/142), 50.4% (68/135) and 88.1% (37/42), and which had a statistical difference (χ2 = 25.8131, p < 0.05). US showed capsule contents anechoic in 51.0% (80/157) cases, hypoechoic or mixed echoic in 49.0% (77/157) cases, and flocculent or dotted echo floating in 36.9% (58/157) cases. CT showed low density of the capsule contents without enhancement in 69.5% (105/151) cases and mixed density with enhancement in 30.4% (46/151) cases. Liquid-liquid levers were seen in 8.6% (13/151) cases. MRI showed T1WI high signal and T2WI low signal of the capsule contents without enhancement in 28.9% (13/45) cases and mixed density in 71.1% (32/45) cases. Liquid-liquid levers were seen in 46.7% (21/45) cases. There were statistically significant differences between pure HNLMs and intracystic hemorrhage in capsule content (echo, density, signal), enhancement, and liquid-liquid lever (all p < 0.05). Among US, CE-CT and CE-MRI, intracystic hemorrhage diagnostic accuracy had a statistical difference (χ2 = 25.4152, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For clinical diagnosis and evaluation of HNLMs, we suggest that US combined with CE-CT for acute cases, and for stable cases, US combined with CE-MRI.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Linfáticas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pescoço , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Anormalidades Linfáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidades Linfáticas/cirurgia , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Lactente , Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Cabeça/diagnóstico por imagem , Meios de Contraste , Recém-Nascido
9.
Insights Imaging ; 15(1): 56, 2024 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38411729

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging-based (MRI) deep multiple instance learning (D-MIL) model and combine it with clinical parameters for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in operable cervical cancer. METHODS: A total of 392 patients with cervical cancer were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical parameters were analysed by logistical regression to construct a clinical model (M1). A ResNet50 structure is applied to extract features at the instance level without using manual annotations about the tumour region and then construct a D-MIL model (M2). A hybrid model (M3) was constructed by M1 and M2 scores. The diagnostic performance of each model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared using the Delong method. Disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated by the Kaplan‒Meier method. RESULTS: SCC-Ag, maximum lymph node short diameter (LNmax), and tumour volume were found to be independent predictors of M1 model. For the diagnosis of LNM, the AUC of the training/internal/external cohort of M1 was 0.736/0.690/0.732, the AUC of the training/internal/external cohort of M2 was 0.757/0.714/0.765, and the AUC of the training/internal/external cohort of M3 was 0.838/0.764/0.835. M3 showed better performance than M1 and M2. Through the survival analysis, patients with higher hybrid model scores had a shorter time to reach DFS. CONCLUSION: The proposed hybrid model could be used as a personalised non-invasive tool, which is helpful for predicting LNM in operable cervical cancer. The score of the hybrid model could also reflect the DFS of operable cervical cancer. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Lymph node metastasis is an important factor affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer. Preoperative prediction of lymph node status is helpful to make treatment decisions, improve prognosis, and prolong survival time. KEY POINTS: • The MRI-based deep-learning model can predict the LNM in operable cervical cancer. • The hybrid model has the highest diagnostic efficiency for the LNM prediction. • The score of the hybrid model can reflect the DFS of operable cervical cancer.

10.
ACS Nano ; 18(9): 7192-7203, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38385434

RESUMO

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) toward value-added chemicals/fuels has offered a sustainable strategy to achieve a carbon-neutral energy cycle. However, it remains a great challenge to controllably and precisely regulate the coordination environment of active sites in catalysts for efficient generation of targeted products, especially the multicarbon (C2+) products. Herein we report the coordination environment engineering of metal centers in coordination polymers for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products under neutral conditions. Significantly, the Cu coordination polymer with Cu-N2S2 coordination configuration (Cu-N-S) demonstrates superior Faradaic efficiencies of 61.2% and 82.2% for ethylene and C2+ products, respectively, compared to the selective formic acid generation on an analogous polymer with the Cu-I2S2 coordination mode (Cu-I-S). In situ studies reveal the balanced formation of atop and bridge *CO intermediates on Cu-N-S, promoting C-C coupling for C2+ production. Theoretical calculations suggest that coordination environment engineering can induce electronic modulations in Cu active sites, where the d-band center of Cu is upshifted in Cu-N-S with stronger selectivity to the C2+ products. Consequently, Cu-N-S displays a stronger reaction trend toward the generation of C2+ products, while Cu-I-S favors the formation of formic acid due to the suppression of C-C couplings for C2+ pathways with large energy barriers.

11.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1334348, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38370413

RESUMO

Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used laboratory technique for cancer diagnosis, which selectively binds specific antibodies to target proteins in tissue samples and then makes the bound proteins visible through chemical staining. Deep learning approaches have the potential to be employed in quantifying tumor immune micro-environment (TIME) in digitized IHC histological slides. However, it lacks of publicly available IHC datasets explicitly collected for the in-depth TIME analysis. Method: In this paper, a notable Multiplex IHC Histopathological Image Classification (MIHIC) dataset is created based on manual annotations by pathologists, which is publicly available for exploring deep learning models to quantify variables associated with the TIME in lung cancer. The MIHIC dataset comprises of totally 309,698 multiplex IHC stained histological image patches, encompassing seven distinct tissue types: Alveoli, Immune cells, Necrosis, Stroma, Tumor, Other and Background. By using the MIHIC dataset, we conduct a series of experiments that utilize both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer models to benchmark IHC stained histological image classifications. We finally quantify lung cancer immune microenvironment variables by using the top-performing model on tissue microarray (TMA) cores, which are subsequently used to predict patients' survival outcomes. Result: Experiments show that transformer models tend to provide slightly better performances than CNN models in histological image classifications, although both types of models provide the highest accuracy of 0.811 on the testing dataset in MIHIC. The automatically quantified TIME variables, which reflect proportions of immune cells over stroma and tumor over tissue core, show prognostic value for overall survival of lung cancer patients. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, MIHIC is the first publicly available lung cancer IHC histopathological dataset that includes images with 12 different IHC stains, meticulously annotated by multiple pathologists across 7 distinct categories. This dataset holds significant potential for researchers to explore novel techniques for quantifying the TIME and advancing our understanding of the interactions between the immune system and tumors.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Microambiente Tumoral
12.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 63(16): e202400952, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38372593

RESUMO

Cu-based catalysts have been identified as the most promising candidates for generation of C2+ products in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Defect engineering in catalysts is a widely employed strategy for promoting C-C coupling on Cu. However, comprehensive understanding of defect structure-to-activity relationship has not been obtained. In this study, controllable defects generation is achieved, which leads to a series of Cu-based catalysts with various phase mixing degrees. It is observed that the Faradaic efficiency toward C2+ products increases with the phase mixing degree, reaching 81 % at maximum. In situ infrared absorption spectroscopy reveals that the catalysts with higher phase mixing degree tend to form *CO more easily and possess higher retention of *CO under high overpotential window, thereby promoting C-C coupling. This work sheds new light on the relationship between defects and C-C coupling, and the rational developed of more advanced Cu-base catalysts.

13.
Hormones (Athens) ; 23(3): 385-393, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38233729

RESUMO

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are widely distributed in multiple cell types and circulating body fluids. They have a specific effect on the target cells by releasing different vesicle contents. They have recently been recognized as important means of intercellular communication, being involved, for example, in the development of diabetes by increasing ß-cell apoptosis, activating autoimmunity, and regulating cytokines to affect islet ß-cell function and insulin sensitivity. An in-depth study of the role of exosome in the pathogenesis of diabetes may therefore provide a novel means of diagnosing and treating diabetes. In this review, we detail how exosome is involved in the development of diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Exossomos , Humanos , Exossomos/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Animais , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo
14.
J Am Chem Soc ; 146(3): 1935-1945, 2024 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38191290

RESUMO

The reaction mechanism of CO2 electroreduction on oxide-derived copper has not yet been unraveled even though high C2+ Faradaic efficiencies are commonly observed on these surfaces. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of copper anodization on the adsorption of various CO2RR intermediates using in situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) on metallic and mildly anodized copper thin films. The in situ SEIRAS results show that the preoxidation process can significantly improve the overall CO2 reduction activity by (1) enhancing CO2 activation, (2) increasing CO uptake, and (3) promoting C-C coupling. First, the strong *COO- redshift indicates that the preoxidation process significantly enhances the first elementary step of CO2 adsorption and activation. The rapid uptake of adsorbed *COatop also illustrates how a high *CO coverage can be achieved in oxide-derived copper electrocatalysts. Finally, for the first time, we observed the formation of the *COCHO dimer on the anodized copper thin film. Using DFT calculations, we show how the presence of subsurface oxygen within the Cu lattice can improve the thermodynamics of C2 product formation via the coupling of adsorbed *CO and *CHO intermediates. This study advances our understanding of the role of surface and subsurface conditions in improving the catalytic reaction kinetics and product selectivity of CO2 reduction.

15.
Eur J Pharm Sci ; 193: 106687, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38176662

RESUMO

Random flaps are widely used in the treatment of injuries, tumors, congenital malformations, and other diseases. However, postoperative skin flaps are prone to ischemic necrosis, leading to surgical failure. Insulin-like growth factor- 1(IGF-1) belongs to the IGF family and exerts its growth-promoting effects in various tissues through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Its application in skin flaps and other traumatic diseases is relatively limited. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a degradable high-molecular-weight organic compound commonly used in biomaterials. This study prepared IGF-PLGA sustained-release microspheres to explore their impact on the survival rate of flaps both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanisms involved. The research results demonstrate that IGF-PLGA has a good sustained-release effect. At the cellular level, it can promote 3T3 cell proliferation by inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and enhance the tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) . At the animal level, it accelerates flap healing by promoting vascularization through the inhibition of oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study reveals the role of IGF-PLGA in activating the Angiopoietin-1(Ang1)/Tie2 signaling pathway in promoting flap vascularization, providing a strong theoretical basis and therapeutic target for the application of IGF-1 in flaps and other traumatic diseases.


Assuntos
Angiopoietina-1 , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Animais , Humanos , Angiogênese , Angiopoietina-1/metabolismo , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Células Endoteliais , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/farmacologia , Microesferas , Estresse Oxidativo , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor TIE-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor TIE-2/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo
16.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 63(9): e202313858, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38185801

RESUMO

Catalysts involving post-transition metals have shown almost invincible performance on generating formate in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). Conversely, Cu without post-transition metals has struggled to achieve comparable activity. In this study, a sulfur (S)-doped-copper (Cu)-based catalyst is developed, exhibiting excellent performance in formate generation with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 92 % and a partial current density of 321 mA cm-2 . Ex situ structural elucidations reveal the presence of abundant grain boundaries and high retention of S-S bonds from the covellite phase during CO2 RR. Furthermore, thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that S-S bonds can moderate the binding energies with various intermediates, further improving the activity of the formate pathway. This work is significant in modifying a low-cost catalyst (Cu) with a non-metallic element (S) to achieve comparable performance to mainstream catalysts for formate generation in industrial grade.

17.
J Membr Biol ; 257(1-2): 107-114, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38285126

RESUMO

Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease characterized by damage to the joint cartilage that occurs throughout the entire joint tissue. This damage primarily manifests as pain in the affected area. In clinical practice, medication is commonly used to relieve pain, but the treatment's effectiveness is poor and recurrent attacks are likely. Schisandrin B is the most abundant biphenylcyclohexene lignan found in the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, and it possesses various pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of Schisandrin B on mitochondrial damage in osteoarthritis (C28I2 cells) under an inflammatory environment induced by LPS. Cell proliferation and activity, scratch tests, and LDH release tests are utilized to assess cell growth and migration ability. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation and apoptosis proteins. The Western Blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion and division proteins. The JC-1 assay was used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial fluorescence probe assay was used to detect mitochondrial activity. Through research, it was found that Schisandrin B promotes the proliferation, growth, and migration of C28I2 cells, reduces apoptosis of C28I2 cells, balances mitochondrial fusion and division, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotes mitochondrial activity in an LPS induced inflammatory environment.


Assuntos
Lignanas , Osteoartrite , Compostos Policíclicos , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos , Lignanas/farmacologia , Dor , Ciclo-Octanos
18.
IEEE Rev Biomed Eng ; 17: 63-79, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37478035

RESUMO

Computational histopathology is focused on the automatic analysis of rich phenotypic information contained in gigabyte whole slide images, aiming at providing cancer patients with more accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment recommendations. Nowadays deep learning is the mainstream methodological choice in computational histopathology. Transformer, as the latest technological advance in deep learning, learns feature representations and global dependencies based on self-attention mechanisms, which is increasingly gaining prevalence in this field. This article presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art vision transformers that have been explored in histopathological image analysis for classification, segmentation, and survival risk regression applications. We first overview preliminary concepts and components built into vision transformers. Various recent applications including whole slide image classification, histological tissue component segmentation, and survival outcome prediction with tailored transformer architectures are then discussed. We finally discuss key challenges revolving around the use of vision transformers and envisioned future perspectives. We hope that this review could provide an elaborate guideline for readers to explore vision transformers in computational histopathology, such that more advanced techniques assisting in the precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients could be developed.


Assuntos
Fontes de Energia Elétrica , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Humanos , Tecnologia
19.
Eur J Radiol ; 170: 111260, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38086161

RESUMO

Objective To discuss the value of MRI in diagnosing and evaluating the pediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations (HNLMs). Methods We performed a retrospective review of 46 children who were referred to our hospital in the last decade for the treatment of HNLMs. Results About 34 cases confirmed with intralesional hemorrhage while the capsule contents were dark red or light bloody liquid. The remaining 12 pure HNLMs were filled with yellow clear or watery liquid. The multilocular HNLMs accounted for 95.7 % (44/46). The accuracy of contrast enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) diagnosis of HNLMs was 100 %. On MRI, the HNLMs appeared as irregular shape [95.7 % (44/46)], clear boundary [91.3 % (42/46)], infiltrative growth [91.3 % (42/46)] cystic masses. The cystic wall and septa were hyperintense on T1WI and hypointense on T2WI (100 %), and displayed enhancement. The capsule contents had hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI in 18 cases (pure HNLMs,12; intracystic hemorrhage,6), while that of mixed signal in 28 cases (pure HNLMs,0; intracystic hemorrhage,28). Capsule contents were enhanced in 22 cases (pure HNLMs,1; intracystic hemorrhage,21), while the remaining 24 without enhancement (pure HNLMs,11; intracystic hemorrhage,13). Liquid-liquid levers were found in 21 cases (pure HNLMs,0; intracystic hemorrhage,21). There were statistical differences in capsule contents signal, enhancement, and liquid-liquid levels between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions On MRI, HNLMs typically show a thin-walled, well-circumscribed, irregularly shaped, infiltrative, unenhanced, multilocular cystic mass with hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI. The capsule wall and septa are hyperintense on T1WI, hypointense on T2WI, and display enhancement. Changes in the signal of capsule contents or appearance of liquid-liquid levels indicate intracystic hemorrhage.


Assuntos
Hemorragia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Criança , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos
20.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 126: 111152, 2024 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37977066

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the differences in the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in ear effusion in children with different types of otitis media (OM), to elaborate the relationship between the expression of TLRs and Nrf2 in ear effusion and the pathogenesis of OM, and to explore the relationship between the two indicators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with OM, thereby laying a scientific foundation for revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms of the progression of different types of OM. METHODS: A total of 73 children with OM who were treated in our hospital from March 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the study subjects. By using the cross-sectional investigation method, participants were divided into three groups according to the different pathological types, including the secretory OM group (30 cases), the chronic suppurative OM group (27 cases), and the cystic lesional OM group (16 cases). The levels of Nrf2, TLR2, TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-ß 1(TGF-ß1), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß)] were detected in ear effusion of children with different types of OM. Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines in ear effusion. RESULTS: The expression levels of TNF-α and PCT in the ear effusion of the children under 3 years old were significantly higher than that of the children between 3 and 5 years old and that of the children between 6 and 8 years old (all P < 0.001). The mRNA levels of Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 in the ear effusion of the children from the chronic suppurative OM group were higher than these from the secretory OM group (P < 0.001, P = 0.008 and P = 0.021). The mRNA levels of Nrf2, TLR2, and TLR4 in the ear effusion of the children from the cystic lesional OM group were higher than those from the chronic suppurative OM group (P < 0.001, P = 0.029 and P = 0.018). A prominent increase in the concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-ß1, PCT and IL-1ß was found in the ear effusion of children from the chronic suppurative OM group compared to these from the secretory OM group (P = 0.021, P = 0.044, P = 0.048, P = 0.004 and P = 0.001). The concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-ß1, PCT and IL-1ß in the ear effusion of the children from the cystic lesional OM group were markedly increased as compared with these from the chronic suppurative OM group (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.003, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 were taken as independent variables, and inflammatory indexes, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-ß1, PCT and IL-1ß were used as dependent variables for the linear regression analysis. The results showed that Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 were positively correlated with the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines after adjusting for age, sex, course and the OM classification (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expressions of Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 in the ear effusion of children with different types of OM gradually increased with the severity of the disease, these were significantly positively correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines of the children. Nrf2/TLR signaling pathway maintained chronic inflammation in OM, induced damage of middle ear tissue, and promoted the transition from acute OM to chronic OM.


Assuntos
Otite Média , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Citocinas/metabolismo , Interferon gama/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Otite Média/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
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