Hypsizygus marmoreus extract exhibited antioxidant effects to promote longevity and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans.

In this study, we explored the lifespan extension effect of a popular edible mushroom, Hypsizygus marmoreus, using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The results showed that Hypsizygus marmoreus extract (HME) could increase the lifespan of C. elegans and ameliorate the healthspan by improving motility, attenuating lipofuscin accumulation, and enhancing the ability to withstand oxidative and heat stress. Then, we found noteworthy enhancements in SOD and CAT activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity in vivo. Combined with the up-regulation of the expression of antioxidant genes (skn-1, sod-1, sod-3, mev-1, and gst-4), HME may function as an antioxidant in nematodes, which may be closely related to its phenolic compounds. Furthermore, we found that HME promoted the transfer of the transcription factor SKN-1 to the nucleus but had no impact on the lifespan of skn-1 mutants, indicating that SKN-1 was essential for Hypsizygus marmoreus to exert beneficial biological effects in C. elegans. Our findings elucidated that dietary supplementation with Hypsizygus marmoreus might have beneficial anti-aging effects and contribute to exploring the lifespan extension and underlying mechanisms of Hypsizygus marmoreus in C. elegans.

Comparison of phenolics, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of two Hypsizygus marmoreus varieties.

Phenolics, antioxidant activities, and antiproliferative properties of brown Hypsizygus marmoreus (brown HM) and white Hypsizygus marmoreus (white HM) were compared. The results showed that the contents of (+)-catechin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid of brown HM were higher than those of white HM. Moreover, brown HM had greater cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values than white HM, which demonstrated that brown HM presented a stronger antioxidant capacity. Both of brown HM and white HM showed remarkable antiproliferative activities against HepG2 cells and brown HM was proven to be the more effective. The flow cytometry results revealed that both of brown HM and white HM could induce G1 arrest and cell apoptotics in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, CyclinD1, CDK4, and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were downregulated with the treatment of brown HM or white HM. Taken together, our study revealed that brown HM afforded better antioxidant and antiproliferative activities than white HM and laid the foundation for potential application of Hypsizygus marmoreus as source of nutraceuticals and functional food products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A systematic assessment of the potential differences of phenolics, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities between different Hypsizygus marmoreus varieties was carried out in the present study. Furthermore, our findings would present possible antiproliferative mechanism of extracts of different Hypsizygus marmoreus varieties, which may provide theoretical basis for further development and utilization of Hypsizygus marmoreus.

[Effects of Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol on biphasic compound action potentials of frog sciatic nerve trunk].

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively investigate the effects of Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol (1%～80%) on biphasic compound action potentials (AP) from frog sciatic nerve trunk, and their recoveries from alcohol effects. METHODS: Individual segments of frog sciatic nerve trunk with a length of 6 to 8 cm were prepared. Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, 48%, 64% and 80%) was applied onto the segment of the trunk between the stimulus and ground electrodes via an agent reservoir which was newly armed in a nerve trunk shielded chamber for 5 minutes. The nerve trunk was respectively electro-stimulated to generate the biphasic compound AP which was recorded using the experimental system of BL-420F. This was followed by 5 times washout plus 5 min administration with Ringer's solution before recovery recording of AP. RESULTS: Compared to normal Ringer's solution, Ringer's solution with alcohol at ≤4% did not have dramatic impacts on the AP amplitude and conduction velocity, while Ringer's solution with alcohol at ≥8% there was significant decrease in these two parameters. Ringer's solution with alcohol at the conentrations of 16%, 32% and ≥48% could prevent a small proportion (30%), a large proportion (90%) and all (100%) of sciatic nerve trunks, respectively, from generating AP. Washout with normal Ringer's solution after alcohol application at the concentration of ≤32%, AP could totally recover to normal status. While alcohol at the concentration of 48%, 64% and 80%, the probabilities to regenerate APs were 90%, 40% and 0%, and the AP amplitudes were decreased to 60%, 36% and 0%, respectively. After washout, AP conduction velocity showed no difference with alcohol at the concentration of ≤8% when compared with that before washout, while it could not be recovered to normal under alcohol at ≥16%. CONCLUSION: Ringer's solution with different concentrations of alcohol exerts different effects on biphasic compound AP amplitude and conduction velocity. Hopefully, our findings could be helpful for the alcoholic usage and its recovery from alcoholic damage.