Statins and risk of venous thromboembolic diseases: A two-sample mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In observational studies, statins have been suggested to have protective effects on venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). To this aim, we performed a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether these associations were causal. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to statin medication were obtained from the FinnGen study, and data for VTE, PE and DVT of lower extremities (LEDVT) were from the UK Biobank study, respectively. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the principal analysis of MR, and sensitivity analysis was performed to detect horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. MR estimates showed an inverse causal association between statin medication and the risk of VTE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.998-1.000, P = 0.004), PE (OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.999-1.000, P = 0.011) and LEDVT (OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.999-1.000, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Our findings provide direct evidence that statins might decrease the risk of VTE, PE and LEDVT in agreement with observational studies. The specific mechanism of statin therapy for venous thromboembolism needs to be further studied.

[Screening of the target genes transactivated by PS1TP1 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization technique].

OBJECTIVE: To construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by PS1TP1 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique. METHODS: Suppression subtractive hybridization technique and bioinformatics technique were used, the mRNA from HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (-) -PS1TP1 and pcDNA3. 1 (-) empty vector was isolated, respectively; cDNA underwent two times of nested PCR, amplified cDNA fragments were subcloned into pGEM-Teasy vectors to set up the subtractive library. RESULTS: The subtractive library of genes transactivated by PS1TP1 was constructed successfully. Sequence analysis was performed in 43 clones randomly, and the full length sequences were obtained with bioinformatics method and searched for homologous DNA sequence from GenBank, altogether 12 coding sequences were gotten, which consisted of 10 known and 2 unknown ones. CONCLUSION: The obtained sequences may be target genes transactivated by PS1TP1 protein among which some genes coding proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, immunity and cell apoptosis. This finding brought some clues for studying the biological functions of PS1T1.

Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer by surface imprinting technique and its performance for adsorption of dibenzothiophene.

The novel surface imprinted polymer composites (MIP/K(2)Ti(4)O(9)) were prepared using dibenzothiophene (DBT) as the template, 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer and potassium tetratitanate whisker (K(2)Ti(4)O(9)) as the carrier. The synthetic product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Parameters influencing DBT adsorption such as contact time, temperature and DBT initial concentration were investigated. The adsorption kinetics were evaluated with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and the adsorption isotherms were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Selectivity experiments showed that MIP/K(2)Ti(4)O(9) exhibited excellent recognition capacity and binding affinity to DBT compared with the comparative substrates. MIP/K(2)Ti(4)O(9) could also be easily regenerated and reused ten times with only about 20% loss of adsorption capacity.

[Study on the adsorption behavior of nickel on potassium tetratitanate whisker by flame atomic absorption spectrometry].

The adsorption behavior of Ni (II) on potassium tetratitanate whisker was studied systemically by FAAS, seeing about the reasons for absorption, disentanglement and the effect of interfering ions on the recovery. The preconcentration method was simple, quick and had good selectivity. The adsorption rate of Ni(II) by potassium tetratitanate whisker was 100% at pH 5.0 and Ni(II) could be eluted from potassium tetratitanate whisker with hydrochloric acid (C: 0.5 mol x L(-1)), shake time exceeding 5 min, stick time exceeding 1.5 h, and the disentanglement ratio exceeding 90%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.6%. The results obtained indicate that the potassium tetratitanate whisker has good regenerate capability.

[ICP-AES determination of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ with adsorption behavior of potassium hexatitanate whisker].

A new method for the determination of free Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ in environmental sample using potassium hexatitanate whisker as a solid-phase extractant and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) as a sensitive detector has been developed. The adsorption rate of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ by potassium hexatitanate whisker was 98% at pH 5.0, and Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ could be eluted from potassium hexatitanate whisker with HNO3 (C: 3 mol x L(-1)). The Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ in environmental samples were preconcentrated with potassium hexatitanate whisker and determined by ICP-AES, the detection limits of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ (3sigma, n = 9) were 0.007 1, 0.006 8 and 0.007 1 microg x mL(-1), and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.63%, 0.61% and 0.50%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of analytes in real samples, such as chrysanthemum and loquat leaf. And good results were obtained (recoveries were 90%-102.9%). The results obtained indicate that the potassium hexatitanate whisker has good regenerate capability.

[Flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of cadmium in environmental water with preconcentration and separation by sodium trititanate whisker].

Sodium tertitanate whisker is a new material for preconcentration. The adsorption properties of sodiium trititanate whisker for Cd(II) were studied and a new method for preconcentration and separation of Cd(II) was proposed. The adsorption rate of Cd(II) by sodium trititanate whisker was 98% at pH 5.0 and Cd(II) could be eluted from sodium trititanate whisker with hydrochloric acid (C: 0.1 mol x L(-1)). The Cd(II) in environmental water was preconcentrated with sodium trititanate whisker and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The detection limit (3sigma, n = 9) was 3.1 ng x L(-1), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.6%. The response of proposed method is linear in the concentration range of 0.01-1.0 microg x mL(-1) of Cd(II). The method was applied to the determination of analytes in real samples, such as Changjiang River water, Canal water, Yudai River water etc. Good results were obtained (relative standard deviations were 1.5%-4.7%, while recoveries were 98%-102.0%).

[Combination of separation/preconcentration based on nanoscale TiO2 and FAAS for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) in water].

The nanometer-sized materials have attracted much interest of analysts in recent years because of their special physicschemistry characteristics. As the scale decreases to nanometer grade, the number of atoms on the surface increases remarkably, resulting in the unsaturation. This makes the nanometer-sized materials have a high adsorptivity for the metal atoms. In the present paper, the nanometer-sized TiO2 was applied in the separation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water. The influence of pH on the adsorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was studied. When pH is larger than 6, 90%, Cr(III) is adsorbed onto the nanometer-sized material surface, while is basically not adsorbed in aqueous solution. Therefore, the separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) is achieved. At the pH of 6.5, Cr(III) was adsorbed by nanometer-sized TiO2 and desorbed with 2.0 mol x L(-1) HCl, in which the Cr(III) could be preconcentrated. The Cr(III) solution, as well as the Cr(VI) aqueous solution was determined by FAAS. The detection limits of Cr(M) and Cr(VI) were 41 and 57 ng x mL(-1), respectively. And the linear ranges for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 0-9.0 microg x mL(-1) and 0.1-10 microg x mL(-1) with a RSDs of 2.6% and 3.4% (n=6, c = 2.0 microg x mL(-1), respectively. This method was applied in the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the industrial wastewater and river water, and the satisfactory recovery results were obtained.