Neurovascular coupling dysfunction associated with cognitive impairment in presbycusis.

The neuropathological mechanism underlying presbycusis remains unclear. This study aimed to illustrate the mechanism of neurovascular coupling associated with cognitive impairment in patients with presbycusis. We assessed the coupling of cerebral blood perfusion with spontaneous neuronal activity by calculating the correlation coefficients between cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen level-dependent-derived quantitative maps (amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, degree centrality). Four neurovascular coupling metrics (cerebral blood flow-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, cerebral blood flow-fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, cerebral blood flow-regional homogeneity and cerebral blood flow-degree centrality) were compared at the global and regional levels between the presbycusis group and the healthy control group, and the intrinsic association between the altered neurovascular coupling metrics and the neuropsychological scale was further analysed in the presbycusis group. At the global level, neurovascular coupling was significantly lower in the presbycusis group than in the control group and partially related to cognitive level. At the regional level, neurovascular biomarkers were significantly elevated in three brain regions and significantly decreased in one brain region, all of which involved the Papez circuit. Regional neurovascular coupling provides more information than global neurovascular coupling, and neurovascular coupling dysfunction within the Papez circuit has been shown to reveal the causes of poor cognitive and emotional responses in age-related hearing loss patients.

Combination of static and dynamic neural imaging features to distinguish sensorineural hearing loss: a machine learning study.

Purpose: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common form of sensory deprivation and is often unrecognized by patients, inducing not only auditory but also nonauditory symptoms. Data-driven classifier modeling with the combination of neural static and dynamic imaging features could be effectively used to classify SNHL individuals and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: We conducted hearing evaluation, neurological scale tests and resting-state MRI on 110 SNHL patients and 106 HCs. A total of 1,267 static and dynamic imaging characteristics were extracted from MRI data, and three methods of feature selection were computed, including the Spearman rank correlation test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and t test as well as LASSO. Linear, polynomial, radial basis functional kernel (RBF) and sigmoid support vector machine (SVM) models were chosen as the classifiers with fivefold cross-validation. The receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated for each model. Results: SNHL subjects had higher hearing thresholds in each frequency, as well as worse performance in cognitive and emotional evaluations, than HCs. After comparison, the selected brain regions using LASSO based on static and dynamic features were consistent with the between-group analysis, including auditory and nonauditory areas. The subsequent AUCs of the four SVM models (linear, polynomial, RBF and sigmoid) were as follows: 0.8075, 0.7340, 0.8462 and 0.8562. The RBF and sigmoid SVM had relatively higher accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Our research raised attention to static and dynamic alterations underlying hearing deprivation. Machine learning-based models may provide several useful biomarkers for the classification and diagnosis of SNHL.

Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation targeting the left prefrontal cortex and cerebellum does not affect executive functions in healthy individuals.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for alleviating negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia commonly targets the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC). However, the therapeutic effectiveness of rTMS at this site remains inconclusive and increasingly, studies are focusing on cerebellar rTMS. Recently, prolonged intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has emerged as a rapid-acting form of rTMS with promising clinical benefits. This study explored the cognitive and neurophysiological effects of prolonged iTBS administered to the LDLPFC and cerebellum in a healthy cohort. 50 healthy participants took part in a cross-over study and received prolonged (1800 pulses) iTBS targeting the LDLPFC, cerebellar vermis, and sham iTBS. Mixed effects repeated measures models examined cognitive and event-related potentials (ERPs) from 2-back (P300, N200) and Stroop (N200, N450) tasks after stimulation. Exploratory non-parametric cluster-based permutation tests compared ERPs between conditions. There were no significant differences between conditions for behavioural and ERP outcomes on the 2-back and Stroop tasks. Exploratory cluster-based permutation tests of ERPs did not identify any significant differences between conditions. We did not find evidence that a single session of prolonged iTBS administered to either the LDLPFC or cerebellum could cause any cognitive or ERP changes compared to sham in a healthy sample.

Multiple salary comparisons, distributive justice, and employee withdrawal.

Salary comparison has well-established implications for employees' attitudes and behaviors at work. Yet how employees process information about simultaneous comparisons, particularly when internal and external comparison information is incongruent, remains controversial. In this article, we draw from the model of dispositional attribution and equity theory to predict how the incongruence of internal and external salary comparisons affects perceptions of distributive justice and subsequent employee withdrawal behavior. We hypothesized that the effect of salary comparisons on perceived distributive justice follows a hierarchically restrictive schema in which a lower salary in comparison to a referent has a greater effect than a higher salary. This further affects employee withdrawal (neglect, turnover intention, and voluntary turnover). We also propose that the effects of salary comparisons are bounded by employees' zero-sum construal of success. Three studies were conducted to test our hypotheses: a quasi-experimental study and two time-lagged field studies. Consistent with our hypotheses, we observed that, when comparison information was incongruent, underpayment compared with others more strongly affected perceived distributive justice than overpayment did. The subsequent impact on perceived distributive justice was negatively related to employee withdrawal. As expected, the effect of incongruent salary comparison information was stronger for employees with lower zero-sum construal of success. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

[Mechanism of acteoside in prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis based on liver metabolomics].

This study aims to reveal the effect of acteoside on gouty arthritis(GA) in rats based on liver metabolomics. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to search for the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. SD rats were randomly assigned into blank, model, colchicine(0.3 mg·kg~(-1)), and high-, medium-, low-dose(200, 100, and 50 mg·kg~(-1), respectively) acteoside groups(n=7). The rats were administrated once a day for 7 continuous days. Monosodium urate(MSU) was used to induce GA model in rats during administration. The degree of joint swelling and pathological changes of synovial tissue in rats were observed, and the levels of interleukin(IL)-1ß, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in the synovial tissue of rats were measured. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to collect rat liver data, and Progenesis QI and EZ info were used for data analysis. Human Metabolomics Database(HMDB) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) were employed to predict the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. The results showed that acteoside alleviated joint swelling, reduced synovial tissue damage, and lowered the levels of inflammatory cytokines in GA rats. A total of 19 common biomarkers were identified, 17 of which can be regulated by acteoside. Seven metabolic pathways were enriched, such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, among which glycerophospholipid metabolism was strongly disturbed. The metabolomics analysis suggested that acteoside may down-regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and alleviate the symptoms of GA rats by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. The findings provide a reference for future research and development of acteoside.

Cranial midline shift is a predictor of the clinical prognosis of acute cerebral infarction patients undergoing emergency endovascular treatment.

Endovascular treatment is widely used in acute cerebral infarction (ACI), but patient prognosis varies greatly. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of midline shift (MLS) threshold for the clinical prognosis of patients with ACI who undergo emergency endovascular treatment. We prospectively enrolled patients with ACI who received endovascular treatment within 24 h of onset. Cranial images were collected within 24 h after endovascular treatment. We assessed MLS at the level of the midbrain, pineal calcification, septum pellucida, and falx cerebri and noted the maximum MLS (MLS[max]) among these locations. Functional outcomes were assessed at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale. Receiver operating characteristic curves and optimal cutoff points were used to analyze the predictive value of MLS. We enrolled 82 patients, including 46 with poor outcomes. Although the MLS values at all levels were significantly different between the poor and favorable outcome groups (p < 0.01), the MLS(max) tended to be a better marker for 90-day poor outcome. To predict poor outcome, the optimal cutoff values for MLS(max) within 24 and 48 h after intervention were 0.45 and 2.35 mm, respectively. MLS(max) has predictive value for patient prognosis.

Analytical Method Optimization of Tetrodotoxin and Its Contamination in Gastropods.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an extremely potent marine biotoxin. An analytical method was developed for both trace contamination and extremely high levels of TTX in gastropods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with clean-up of cation exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) in this study. The limit of detection (LOD) in the sample matrix was 0.5 µg/kg. With the calibration of a screened internal standard (validamycin, IS), the linear range was 0.1-100 ng/mL (1.5-1500 µg/kg in sample matrix) with a correlation coefficient of r2 > 0.999. The average recoveries at three spiking levels (1.5 µg/kg, 44 µg/kg, and 1500 µg/kg) were 82.6-94.4% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. TTX levels in seven gastropods (741 samples) were studied. The contamination and analogues in Neverita didyma (N. didyma, 565 samples collected in Zhejiang province, China, from 2016 to 2022) were first reported. The detection rate of TTX in N. didyma was 34.2%. The average concentration was 23.1 µg/kg, and the maximum value was 2327 µg/kg. The time distribution study indicated that high contaminations of TTX occurred from May to August for N. didyma.

Quantification of 37 glucocorticoids in chicken muscle by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS with parallel reaction monitoring.

The quantification capability of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has received increasing interest from analysts. In this study, we present a method for analyzing 37 glucocorticoids in chicken muscle using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The analytes were extracted using acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.1% formic acid and subjected to commercial PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge clean-up. Under optimized conditions, the analytes were separated on an analytical column and subsequently detected using a high-resolution hybrid quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled with PRM scan mode. The Q-Orbitrap with PRM exhibited remarkable sensitivity, with limits of quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.08 µg kg-1 to 7.59 µg kg-1. To validate the method, we conducted intra- and inter-day tests using a blank matrix sample at different spiking levels. The achieved results demonstrated satisfactory recovery values (74.1-97.5%) and precise results (RSDs < 15%) for all the studied analytes. In application, we found dexamethasone with 6.5 µg kg-1 and fluorometholone with 3.9 µg kg-1 in two chicken samples. These findings suggest that the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap system, in conjunction with the SPE sample preparation method, has great potential as a routine quantification approach for multiple glucocorticoid residues in chicken samples.

In-syringe dispersive solid phase filter extraction cleanup followed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for fast determination of colchicine in plasma/urine.

As an effective treatment for acute gouty arthritis and cardiovascular disease, colchicine is also a toxic alkaloid and may cause poisoning or even death in overdose. The study of colchicine elimination and the diagnosis of poisoning etiology need the rapid and accurate quantitative analysis method in biological matrix. An analytical method was developed for colchicine in plasma and urine by in-syringe dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) followed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample extraction and protein precipitation were proceeded with acetonitrile. The extract was cleaned by in-syringe DSPE. An XBridge™ BEH C18 column（100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.5 µm）was used to separate colchicine by gradient elution with mobile phase of 0.01% (v/v) ammonia-methanol. The amount and filling sequence of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and primary secondary amine (PSA) suitable for in-syringe DSPE were studied. Scopolamine was screened as the quantitative internal standard (IS) for colchicine analysis according to the consistency of recovery rate, chromatographic retention time and matrix effects. The limits of detection for colchicine in plasma and urine were both 0.06 ng mL-1 and the limits of quantitation were both 0.2 ng mL-1. The linear range was 0.04 - 20 ng mL-1 (Equivalent to 0.2-100 ng mL-1 in plasma or urine) with a correlation coefficient r > 0.999. By IS calibration, the average recoveries at three spiking levels in plasma and urine were 95.3-102.68% and 93.9-94.8% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.9-5.7% and 2.3-3.4%, respectively. The matrix effects, stability, dilution effects and carryover for determination of colchicine in plasma and urine were also evaluated. The elimination of colchicine within 72-384 h post-ingestion was studied for a poisoning patient with the doses of 1 mg d-1 for 39 days and then 3 mg d-1 for 15 days).

Gender-related differences on outcome following transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The effect of gender on patients with mitral valve regurgitation (MR) undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) remains to be defined. The aim of the present study is a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies that investigate differences between men and women after TMVR. METHODS: A systematic literature search was carried out on eight databases to collect all relevant studies on gender-related outcomes of TMVR before March 1, 2021. The main outcomes of interest were mortality, cardiac function, MR class and other complications. RESULTS: A total of eight literatures were included, all of which were retrospective observational studies. Compared to women patients, men had lower postoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (OR = 1.53, 95%CI [1.23, 1.91], P = 0.0001) and higher incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR = 1.25, 95%CI [1.16, 1.34], P < 0.05). There were no significant difference on mortality in 30 days (OR = 0.95, 95%CI [0.81, 1.11], P = 0.53) and in 2 years (OR = 0.99, 95%CI [0.75, 1.30], P = 0.93), mitral valve regurgitation (MR) class (OR = 1.30, 95%CI [0.97, 1.75], P = 0.08) and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 0.88, 95%CI [0.65, 1.18], P = 0.38), stroke (OR = 0.80, 95%CI [0.63, 1.02], P = 0.08) and bleeding in hospital (OR = 0.84, 95%CI [0.59, 1.19], P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that men undergoing TMVR have worse preoperative diseases (diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, renal failure and myocardial infarction) while they have superior postoperative NYHA class at one-year. There are no significantly difference in other indexes between men and women.

Auditory-limbic-cerebellum interactions and cognitive impairments in noise-induced hearing loss.

AIMS: This study aimed to explore the neural substrate of hearing loss-related central nervous system in rats and its correlation with cognition. METHODS: We identified the neural mechanism for these debilitating abnormalities by inducing a bilateral hearing loss animal model using intense broadband noise (122 dB of broadband noise for 2 h) and used the Morris water maze test to characterize the behavioral changes at 6 months post-noise exposure. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted to clarify disrupted functional network using bilateral auditory cortex (ACx) as a seed. Structural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to illustrate characteristics of fibers in ACx and hippocampus. Pearson correlation was computed behavioral tests and other features. RESULTS: A deficit in spatial learning/memory, body weight, and negative correlation between them was observed. Functional connectivity revealed weakened coupling within the ACx and inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus, the primary motor cortex, the olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, and the paraflocculus lobe of the cerebellum. The fiber number and mean length of ACx and different hippocampal subregions were also damaged in hearing loss rats. CONCLUSION: A new model of auditory-limbic-cerebellum interactions accounting for noise-induced hearing loss and cognitive impairments is proposed.

Information technology improves the quality of transfusion practice in China.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transfusion services in China must establish a quality management system, and regular inspection of quality indicators is an important component of quality management. Although the positive role of information technology in reducing human errors has been widely reported, its role in improving transfusion quality indicators still requires further study. This study explores the role of information technology in improving the quality of transfusion practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed an optimized blood transfusion management information system and then analysed the changes in four quality indicators before and after using the system to clarify the role of information technology in improving the quality of transfusion practice. RESULTS: After using the optimized system, the completeness rate for transfusion request forms increased from 81.5% to 99.3%; an unqualified doctor's signature was the most common incomplete content (0.45%). The appropriate transfusion rate increased from 87% to 99.4%, and red blood cell and frozen plasma utilization in most surgical departments decreased. Although the reporting rate for adverse transfusion reactions increased from 0.22% to 0.49%, these increases might be partly due to changes in transfusion regulations. The adequacy rate of transfusion medical records increased from 74.8% to 90.4%. Overall, the inadequacy of informed consent for transfusion, pre-transfusion laboratory tests and documentation of the transfusion process were reduced from 6.4%, 6.2% and 12.6% to 1.7%, 2.0% and 5.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Information technology can play an important role in improving the quality of transfusion practice, as part of a programme of medical education, regular audit and other measures.

Degree centrality and functional connections in presbycusis with and without cognitive impairments.

Presbycusis is a major public issue that affecting elderly adults. However, the neural substrates between normal cognition and cognitive deficits in these patients need to be illustrated. 47 patients with presbycusis and 33 well-matched healthy controls were recruited in present study. Each subject underwent pure-tone audiometry (PTA), MRI scanning and cognition evaluations, then we found 22 patients with cognitive deficits and 25 patients with common cognition. We analyzed the Degree centrality (DC) characteristics among three groups, and try to recognize key nodes which contribute significantly. Subsequent functional connectivity analysis was applied using the key nodes as seeds. Compared with controls, presbycusis without cognitive impairments showed deceased DC in superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Additionally, presbycusis with cognitive impairments showed enhanced DC in fusiform gurus (FFG), cerebellum and para-hippocampal gyrus (PHG), while weakened DC in SMG, middle frontal gyrus (IFG) and inferior Parietal lobule (IPL). Compared with normal cognition, increased DC value of cerebellum and STG, as well as decreased DC value of IPL in presbycusis with cognitive impairments were observed. We noticed that SMG may play an important role. Then the left and right SMG were used as seeds in functional connections analysis. With the seed set at left SMG, presbycusis without cognitive impairments showed decreases connections with cerebellum, temporal pole (TP), superior temporal gyrus (STG) and median cingulate cortex (MCC). Presbycusis with cognitive impairments showed weakened connectivity with cerebellum, IFG, IPL and superior frontal gyrus (SFG). The right SMG showed decrease connections with cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), STG and increase connection with middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in presbycusis without cognitive impairments. While the right SMG showed enhanced connections with left TP, caudate, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), angular, SFG and weakened connectivity with right SFG presbycusis with cognitive impairments. In comparison with normal cognition and impaired cognition, MFG, IFG, PHG, rolandic operculum and cerebellum were involved. These findings enriched our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments associated with presbycusis and may serve as a potential imaging biomarker for investigating and predicting cognitive difficulties.

Abnormal cerebellar network and effective connectivity in sudden and long-term sensorineural hearing loss.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common otology emergency and some SSNHL will develop into a long-term hearing loss (LSNHL). However, whether SSNHL and LSNHL have similar psychiatric patterns remains unknown, as well as the neural substrates. Increasing evidence has proved that the cerebellar network plays a vital role in hearing, cognition processing, and emotion control. Thus, we recruited 20 right SSNHL (RSSNHL), 20 right LSNHL (RLSNHL), and 24 well-matched healthy controls to explore the cerebellar patterns among the three groups. Every participant underwent pure tone audiometry tests, neuropsychological evaluations, and MRI scanning. Independent component analysis (ICA) was carried out on the MRI data and the cerebellar network was extracted. Granger causality analysis (GCA) was conducted using the significant cerebellar region as a seed. Pearson's correlation analysis was computed between imaging characteristics and clinical features. ICA found the effect of group on right cerebellum lobule V for the cerebellar network. Then, we found decreased outflow from right cerebellum lobule V to right middle orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in RSSNHL group in GCA analysis. No significance was found in RLSNHL subjects. Additionally, the RSSNHL group showed increased effective connectivity from the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the RLSNHL group showed increased effective connectivity from the right insula and temporal pole to the right cerebellum lobule V. Moreover, connections between right cerebellum lobule V and mean time series of the cerebellar network was negatively correlated with anxiety score in RSSNHL and negatively correlated with depression scores in RLSNHL. Effective connectivity from right MFG to right cerebellum lobule V could predict anxiety status in RSSNHL subjects. Our results may prove potential imaging biomarkers and treatment targets for hearing loss in future work.

Aberrant Functional Network of Small-World in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss With Tinnitus.

Few researchers investigated the topological properties and relationships with cognitive deficits in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with tinnitus. To explore the topological characteristics of the brain connectome following SNHL from the global level and nodal level, we recruited 36 bilateral SNHL patients with tinnitus and 37 well-matched healthy controls. Every subject underwent pure tone audiometry tests, neuropsychological assessments, and MRI scanning. AAL atlas was employed to divide a brain into 90 cortical and subcortical regions of interest, then investigated the global and nodal properties of "small world" network in SNHL and control groups using a graph-theory analysis. The global characteristics include small worldness, cluster coefficient, characteristic path length, local efficiency, and global efficiency. Node properties include degree centrality, betweenness centrality, nodal efficiency, and nodal clustering coefficient. Interregional connectivity analysis was also computed among 90 nodes. We found that the SNHL group had significantly higher hearing thresholds and cognitive impairments, as well as disrupted internal connections among 90 nodes. SNHL group displayed lower AUC of cluster coefficient and path length lambda, but increased global efficiency. The opercular and triangular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus, rectus gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus, and amygdala showed abnormal local features. Some of these connectome alterations were correlated with cognitive ability and the duration of SNHL. This study may prove potential imaging biomarkers and treatment targets for future studies.

Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in rats post noise exposure.

AIMS: We aimed to find where and how noise-induced cochlear hearing loss affects the central nervous system during the early state and identify the neural substrate for aberrant patterns that mediating noise-related anxiety-/depression- like behaviors. METHODS: Broad band noise with 122 dB for 2 hours was conducted to induce hearing loss. We defined 0 day (N0D) and 10 days (N10D) post noise as the acute and sub-acute period. Behavioral tests (Open field test and light/dark test) and resting-state fMRI were computed to evaluate emotional conditions and aberrant neural activity. Functional connectivity analysis using the anterior cingulate cortex as a seed was computed to reveal the spatial distribution beyond auditory network during both periods. RESULTS: Anxiety-/depression-like behaviors were found in rats with noise exposure. Between-group analysis revealed that N0D rats displayed widespread reductions in functional connectivity, spanning primary somatosensory cortex, medial geniculate body, inferior colliculus, cingulate cortex, cerebellar lobule comparing with N10D rats and a similar pattern was also occurred in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: Taken together, an "acoustic-causing" network accounting for distress and gating of noise exposure related anxiety/depression was proposed.

Alterations to cognitive abilities and functional networks in rats post broad-band intense noise exposure.

This study aimed to investigate the alterations of cognition and functional connectivity post noise, and find the progress and neural substrates of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL)-associated cognitive impairment. We exposed rats to 122 dB broad-band noise for 2 h to induce hearing loss and the auditory function was assessed by measuring auditory brainstem response thresholds. Morris water maze test and resting state MRI were computed at 0 day, 1, 3, 6 months post noise to reveal cognitive ability and neural substrate. The interregional connections in the auditory network and default mode network, as well as the connections using the auditory cortex and cingulate cortex as seeds were also examined addtionally. The deficit in spatial learning/memory was only observed at 6 months after noise exposure. The internal connections in the auditory network and default mode network were enhanced at 0 day and decreased at 6 months post noise. The connectivity using the auditory cortex and cingulate cortex as seeds generally followed the rule of "enhancement-normal-decrease-widely decrease". A new model accounting for arousal, dementia, motor control of NIHL in is proposed. Our study highlights the fundamental flexibility of neural systems, and may also point toward novel therapeutic strategies for treating sensory disorders.

Impact of 3D Rigid Ring Annuloplasty for Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Tricuspid annuloplasty (TAP) is accepted as the standard technique for correcting tricuspid regurgitation (TR). We conducted the present study to provide an overview of the contemporary results of 3D rigid ring annuloplasty for TR. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in eight databases to collect all relevant studies on the three-dimensional (3D) rigid ring annuloplasty treatment of TR published before October 1, 2020. The main outcomes of interest were postoperative TR grade, perioperative mortality, and recurrent TR. Results: A total of eight studies were included, all of which were retrospective observational studies. Rigid 3D rings were compared with flexible bands, and there was no difference in perioperative mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02; 95% CI (0.52, 2.02); p = 0.95], late mortality [OR = 0.99; 95% CI (0.28, 3.50); p = 0.98], or recurrent TR [OR = 0.59; 95% CI (0.29, 1.21); p = 0.15]. The postoperative TR grade associated with 3D rigid rings was 0.12 lower [mean difference (MD) = -0.12; 95% CI (-0.22, -0.01); p = 0.03], which indicated that 3D rigid rings result in better postoperative outcomes than flexible bands. Compared with suture annuloplasty, the postoperative TR grade of the 3D rigid ring group was 0.51 lower [MD = -0.51; 95% CI (-0.59, -0.43); p < 0.05]. Within the 5 years of follow-up, patients who underwent 3D rigid ring annuloplasty had lower TR recurrence [OR = 0.26; 95% CI (0.13, 0.50); p < 0.05]. Conclusions: Compared with suture annuloplasty, 3D rigid rings present early advantages. The 3D rigid rings provide an acceptable short-term effect similar to that of the flexible bands, and a significant difference between these approaches was not discovered. However, the conclusion was based on the limited, short-term data available at the time of the study. Further research on the long-term effects of 3D rigid ring annuloplasty for TR is clearly needed. Systematic Review Registration: https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-3-0105/, identifier: 202130105.

An Investigation of the Impacts of Three Anesthetic Regimens on Task-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Connectivity Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Sprague Dawley and Wistar Rats.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate basic task-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) results on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and Wistar rats under three anesthetic regimens. Introduction: SD rats and Wistar rats are the two-most commonly used rat strains in medical research and neuroimaging studies. It still lacks a direct comparison of basic task-fMRI and rs-fMRI results between the Wistar rats and SD rats under different anesthetic regimens. Methods: Two rat strains and different time points were adopted to investigate task-fMRI activation and rs-fMRI functional connectivity (FC) results under three kinds of anesthetic regimens (2-2.5% isoflurane only, dexmedetomidine bolus combined with a continuous infusion, and dexmedetomidine bolus combined with 0.3-0.5% isoflurane). The electrical forepaw stimulation method and seed-based FC results were used to compare the task-fMRI brain activation and rs-fMRI FC patterns between the two rat strains. Results: The results showed that Wistar rats had more robust brain activation in task fMRI experiments while exhibiting a less specific interhemispheric FC than that of SD rats under the two dexmedetomidine anesthetic regimens. Moreover, even low-level isoflurane could significantly affect task-fMRI and rs-fMRI results in both rat strains. Conclusions: SD and Wistar rats showed different brain activations and interhemispheric FC patterns under the two dexmedetomidine anesthetic regimens. These results may serve as reference information for small-animal fMRI studies. Impact statement Our study demonstrates different stimulation-induced blood oxygen level-dependent responses and functional connectivity patterns between Sprague Dawley rats and Wistar rats under three anesthetics. This study provides some reference results for different anesthetics' effects on different rat strains in different functional magnetic resonance imaging modalities.

Justice change matters: Approach and avoidance mechanisms underlying the regulation of justice over time.

The experience of justice is a dynamic phenomenon that changes over time, yet few studies have directly examined justice change. In this article, we integrate theories of self-regulation and group engagement to derive predictions about the consequences of justice change. We posit that justice change is an important factor because, as suggested by self-regulation theory, people are particularly sensitive to change. Also consistent with self-regulation, we posit that experiencing justice change will influence behavior via separate approach and avoidance systems. Across three multiwave and multisource field studies, we found that justice change predicts employees' engagement in work via perceived insider status along an approach path, whereas it predicts employees' withdrawal from work via exhaustion along an avoidance path, after controlling for the effects of static justice level. Moreover, these approach and avoidance effects are bounded by employees' perception of their employment situation, consistent with a regulatory fit pattern. As expected, employees' perceptions of employment opportunity, which correspond to gains, strengthen the effects along the approach path. Meanwhile, their perceptions of threat of job continuity, which correspond to losses, strengthen the effects along the avoidance path. Importantly, our set of studies highlight the unique influence of justice change incremental to static justice level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).