Impact of pre-delivery medication treatment on delivery outcome in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Clinical research data showed a series of adverse events in the delivery period of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients, including high cesarean section rate. Consensus report proposed that for patients with platelet count below 50 × 109/L, prednisone or intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) can be given to raise the platelet count in third trimester in preparation for labor. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of low-dose prednisone or IVIg therapy on delivery outcomes in patients with ITP. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cohort study that included pregnant women with ITP from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients with platelet counts of (20-50) ×109/L at the time of delivery (≥34 weeks) and who had not received any medication before were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into the pre-delivery medication group (oral prednisone or IVIg) and untreated group according to their preferences. The differences in vaginal delivery rate, postpartum bleeding rate, and platelet transfusion volume between the two groups were compared using t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting vaginal delivery rate and postpartum bleeding rate, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting platelet transfusion volume. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 96 patients with ITP were enrolled, including 70 in the pre-delivery medication group and 26 in the untreated group. The platelet count of pre-delivery medication group was 54.8 ± 34.5 × 109/L, which was significantly higher than that of untreated group 34.4 ± 9.0 × 109/L (p = .004). The vaginal delivery rate of the medication group was higher than the untreated group [60.0% (42/70) vs. 30.8% (8/26), χ2 = 6.49, p = .013]. After adjusting for the proportion of multiparous women and gestational weeks, the results showed that medication therapy during the peripartum period was associated with vaginal delivery (OR = 4.937, 95% CI: 1.511-16.136, p = .008). The postpartum bleeding rates were 22.9% (16/70) and 26.9% (7/26) in the medication group and untreated group, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.17, p = .789), while the platelet transfusion volume was lower in the medication group than untreated group [(1.1 ± 1.0) vs. (1.6 ± 0.8) U]. CONCLUSION: Pre-delivery medication therapy can increase vaginal delivery rate, reduce platelet transfusion volume, but does not decrease the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage.

What is the context?The high cesarean section rate has always been a prominent pregnancy issue in ITP patients. The data shows that the reason for cesarean section in most ITP patients may be related to early induced labor due to thrombocytopenia or patients' concerns of bleeding events during delivery. The study of treatment during the perinatal period is expected to further increase platelet count and prepare for safer delivery.What is new?To date, no study has focused on pre-delivery treatment for pregnant ITP patients. In this study, patients with a platelet count<50 × 109/L after 34 weeks can experience a significant increase in platelet count after receiving immunoglobulin or prednisone therapy. The results of this study preliminarily demonstrate IVIg or prednisone is a promising pre-delivery treatment for pregnant ITP patients in preparation for labor. The pre-delivery medication therapy can improve the rate of successful vaginal delivery and reduce the consumption of blood products.What is the impact?This study provides further evidence that the target threshold for platelets should be raised in late third trimester, with a platelet count above 50 × 109/L as the standard for delivery, in order to further reduce the cesarean section rate and blood product infusion in ITP patients.

Quantitative Detection of the CP4-EPSPS Protein in Genetically Modified Soybeans Using a Novel Fluorescence Immunoassay Assay.

Protein-based detection methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and lateral flow strips, have been widely used for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). However, the traditional ELISA method for the quantitative detection of GMOs has certain limitations. Herein, a quantum dot (QD)-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using QDs as fluorescent markers for the detection of glyphosate-resistant protein (CP4-EPSPS) in the MON89788 soybean. The end-point fluorescent detection system was carried out using QDs conjugated with a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody. Compared with the conventional sandwich ELISA method, the newly developed fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay was highly sensitive and accurate for detecting the CP4-EPSPS protein. The quantified linearity was achieved in the range of 0.05-5% (w/w) for the MON89788 soybean sample. The recovery of protein extracted from mixed MON89788 soybean samples ranged from 87.67% to 116.83%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.7101 and 2.152 pg/mL, respectively. All of the results indicated that the QD-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay was a highly specific and sensitive method for monitoring the CP4-EPSPS protein in GMOs.

Discovery of Novel Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-Based HDAC6 Inhibitors as an Anticarcinogen with a Cardioprotective Effect.

Cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy has gradually become the major cause of death in cancer patients. The development of bifunctional drugs with both cardioprotective and antitumor effects has become the future direction. HDAC6 plays important roles in the progression, treatment, and prognosis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but bifunctional inhibitors have not been reported. Herein, structure-activity relationship studies driven by pharmacophore-based remodification and fragment-based design were performed to yield highly potent HDAC6 inhibitor I-c4 containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. Importantly, I-c4 effectively suppressed the growth of MGC-803 xenografts in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the deacetylation pathway without causing myocardial damage after long-term administration. Meanwhile, I-c4 could mitigate severe myocardial damage against H2O2 or myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that the cardioprotective effect of I-c4 was associated with reduction of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, I-c4 may represent a novel lead compound for further development of an anticarcinogen with a cardioprotective effect.

Machine learning-based derivation and validation of three immune phenotypes for risk stratification and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The clinical presentation of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized patients exhibits heterogeneity. Inflammation and immune responses play significant roles in CAP development. However, research on immunophenotypes in CAP patients is limited, with few machine learning (ML) models analyzing immune indicators. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University. Patients meeting predefined criteria were included and unsupervised clustering was used to identify phenotypes. Patients with distinct phenotypes were also compared in different outcomes. By machine learning methods, we comprehensively assess the disease severity of CAP patients. Results: A total of 1156 CAP patients were included in this research. In the training cohort (n=809), we identified three immune phenotypes among patients: Phenotype A (42.0%), Phenotype B (40.2%), and Phenotype C (17.8%), with Phenotype C corresponding to more severe disease. Similar results can be observed in the validation cohort. The optimal prognostic model, SuperPC, achieved the highest average C-index of 0.859. For predicting CAP severity, the random forest model was highly accurate, with C-index of 0.998 and 0.794 in training and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: CAP patients can be categorized into three distinct immune phenotypes, each with prognostic relevance. Machine learning exhibits potential in predicting mortality and disease severity in CAP patients by leveraging clinical immunological data. Further external validation studies are crucial to confirm applicability.

The effect of convalescent plasma therapy on the rate of nucleic acid negative conversion in patients with persistent COVID-19 test positivity.

Objective: This study investigates the association between convalescent plasma therapy and the negative conversion rate in patients with persistent COVID-19 test positivity. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with severe or mild to moderate COVID-19 whose viral nucleic acid tests remained positive for over 30 days. Patients were categorized into two groups: those who administered convalescent plasma therapy and those who were not. Data collected included information on therapy strategies used (convalescent plasma, corticosteroids, interferons, etc.), patients' demographic characteristics, comorbidities, therapeutic medications, and nucleic acid testing results. Patients in the convalescent plasma therapy group were matched 1:2 ratio with those in the non-convalescent plasma therapy group. Cumulative negative conversion rates on the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth days post-therapy initiation were analyzed as dependent variables. Independent variables included therapy strategies, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and therapeutic medication usage. Univariate analysis was conducted, and factors with a p-value (P) less than 0.2 were included in a paired Cox proportional hazards model. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the cumulative negative conversion rate between the convalescent plasma therapy group and the non-convalescent plasma therapy group on the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth days. Specifically, on day the fifth, the negative conversion rate was 41.46% in the convalescent plasma therapy group compared to 34.15% in the non-convalescent plasma therapy group (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 0.82-3.61, P = 0.15). On the tenth day, it was 63.41% in the convalescent plasma therapy group and 63.41% in the non-convalescent plasma therapy group (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.69∼2.26, P = 0.46). On the fifteenth day, the negative conversion rate was 85.37% in the convalescent plasma therapy group and 75.61% in the non-convalescent plasma therapy group (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.71-1.97, P = 0.51). Conclusion: Our finding does not support the hypothesis that convalescent plasma therapy could accelerate the time to negative conversion in patients who consistently test positive for COVID-19.

MSR1-dependent efferocytosis improved ischemia-reperfusion injury following aged-donor liver transplantation in mice by regulating the pro-resolving polarization of macrophages.

Compared with young liver donors, aged liver donors are more susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) following transplantation, which may be related to excessive inflammatory response and macrophage dysfunction, but the specific mechanism is unclear. Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is a member of the scavenger receptor family, and plays an important regulatory role in inflammation response and macrophage function regulation. But its role in IRI following aged-donor liver transplantation is still unclear. This study demonstrates that MSR1 expression is decreased in macrophages from aged donor livers, inhibiting their efferocytosis and pro-resolving polarisation. Decreased MSR1 is responsible for the more severe IRI suffered by aged donor livers. Overexpression of MSR1 using F4/80-labeled AAV9 improved intrahepatic macrophage efferocytosis and promoted pro-resolving polarisation, ultimately ameliorating IRI following aged-donor liver transplantation. In vitro co-culture experiments further showed that overexpression of MSR1 promoted an increase in calcium concentration, which further activated the PI3K-AKT-GSK3ß pathway, and induced the upregulation of ß-catenin. Overall, MSR1-dependent efferocytosis promoted the pro-resolving polarisation of macrophages through the PI3K-AKT-GSK3ß pathway-induced up-regulating of ß-catenin leading to improved IRI following aged-donor liver transplantation.

[Sensitivity Analysis of Atmospheric Ozone and Source Apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Yinchuan City].

Based on the observation data of O3 concentration in Yinchuan in 2022, the monthly variation characteristics of O3 concentrations were analyzed. Further, based on the observation data of meteorological elements, conventional pollutants, and volatile organic compounds （VOCs） concentrations at an urban site in Yinchuan from May to July, the difference in meteorological elements and precursor concentrations between the polluted days and the non-polluted days were compared. Then, the O3 sensitivity and the VOCs sources were discussed using the Framework for 0-D Atmospheric Modeling （F0AM） and positive matrix factorization （PMF） model, respectively. The results showed that： ① The O3 pollution occurred from May to July in 2022, and the concentrations of O3-8h-90per were 156 µg·m-3, 170 µg·m-3, and 174 µg·m-3, respectively, with exceeding standard rates of 9.7%, 26.7%, and 29.0%, respectively. ② Compared with those on the non-polluted days, the hourly mean values of temperature, total solar radiation, and concentrations of various precursors on the O3-polluted days increased, including the volume concentrations of propane, isobutane, ethane, n-butane, and dichloromethane, which increased significantly by 33.1%, 29.1%, 25.0%, 22.7%, and 21.3%, respectively. The results showed that the combined increase in pollutant emissions and adverse meteorological conditions contributed to the formation of O3. ③ From May to July 2022, the top five VOCs species in terms of ozone formation potential （OFP） value on whole, non-polluted, and polluted days were the same. They were acetaldehyde, m/p-xylene, ethylene, isoprene, and toluene, mainly from solvent use sources, natural sources, and chemical industry emissions. ④ The local O3 production was mostly controlled by VOCs, and the relative incremental reactivity （RIR） results revealed that O3 production showed strong positive sensitivity to alkene and aromatic hydrocarbon but showed negative sensitivity to NOx on both polluted and non-polluted days. The relative contributions of active species such as acetone, ethylene, and isobutane to O3 production were high, and the implementation of an emission reduction scheme with the ratio of VOCs to NOx emission reduction much greater than 1 could effectively reduce the local O3 concentration. ⑤ The main sources of atmospheric VOCs in Yinchuan were motor vehicle emission sources （32.3%）, process sources （20.7%）, combustion sources （19.2%）, solvent use sources （12.7%）, gasoline volatile sources （9.1%）, and natural sources （6%）, and the contribution rate of motor vehicle emission sources on polluted days increased by 4.6% compared with that on non-polluted days, indicating that the motor vehicle emission source was an important object of summer VOCs control in Yinchuan.

[Change Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosol in Chengdu from 2018 to 2021].

Carbonaceous aerosol is an important component of atmospheric fine particulates （PM2.5） that has an important effect on global climate change, atmospheric visibility, regional air quality, and human health. In order to investigate the long-term change characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols under the background of emission reduction, the concentrations of organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC） in PM2.5 samples, and volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in Chengdu from 2018 to 2021 and the corresponding meteorological factors were obtained through real-time online monitoring. The results showed that the average ρ（OC） and ρ（EC） during the monitoring period were （10.9 ±5.7） µg·m-3 and （2.6 ±1.9） µg·m-3, accounting for 25.2% and 6.0% of PM2.5, respectively, and the average ρ（SOC） was （5.7 ±3.3） µg·m-3, accounting for 52.9% of OC. The concentrations of OC, EC, and PM2.5 showed a downward trend from 2018 to 2020 [PM2.5： The concentration of average annual decrease was -7.1 µg·ï¼ˆm3·a） -1, with an average annual decrease of -14.6 %·a-1； OC： -1.7 µg·ï¼ˆm3·a）-1, -14.2 %·a-1； EC： -0.1 µg·ï¼ˆm3·a）-1, -4.4 %·a-1], and the concentrations of each pollutant in 2021 rebounded in different ranges compared with those in 2020. The concentrations of PM2.5 and OC were as follows： winter > spring > autumn > summer, and the concentrations of EC were as follows： winter > autumn > spring > summer. The proportions of OC and EC were higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons, with the average proportions of 26.8% and 6.9%, respectively. With the aggravation of the pollution level, OC, EC, and SOC concentrations gradually increased, but the proportions in PM2.5 showed a gradual downtrend, indicating that the control factor of PM2.5 pollution in Chengdu was not the carbon component. Source apportionment results showed that carbonaceous aerosols in Chengdu were mainly affected by motor vehicles, industrial sources, biomass combustion sources, and VOCs secondary reaction. From 2019 to 2021, EC was affected by the characteristic components of motor vehicles and decreased yearly. OC and EC were affected by VOCs more in spring and autumn than in other seasons. VOCs emission management should be increased in spring and autumn to reduce the impact of secondary reaction.

The Roles of Exosomes in Regulating Hair Follicle Growth.

Alopecia is considered a widespread yet troubling health issue, with limited treatment options. As membranous structures derived from cells carrying proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, exosomes functionally medicate intercellular communication and alter the responses of recipient cells, resulting in disease restraint or promotion. Exosomes have broad prospects in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Studies using animal models and at the cellular level have clearly shown that exosomes from several types of cells, including dermal papilla cells and mesenchymal stem cells, have a notable capacity to promote hair growth, suggesting that exosomes may provide a new option to treat alopecia. Here, we present a thorough review of the most recent progress in the application of exosomes to hair growth.

Glycolytic enzyme PGK1 promotes M1 macrophage polarization and induces pyroptosis of acute lung injury via regulation of NLRP3.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by an unregulated inflammatory reaction, often leading to severe morbidity and ultimately death. Excessive inflammation caused by M1 macrophage polarization and pyroptosis has been revealed to have a critical role in ALI. Recent study suggests that glycolytic reprogramming is important in the regulation of macrophage polarization and pyroptosis. However, the particular processes underlying ALI have yet to be identified. In this study, we established a Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI model and demonstrated that blocking glycolysis by using 2-Deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG) significantly downregulated the expression of M1 macrophage markers and pyroptosis-related genes, which was consistent with the in vitro results. Furthermore, our research has revealed that Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1(PGK1), an essential enzyme in the glycolysis pathway, interacts with NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3). We discovered that LPS stimulation improves the combination of PGK1 and NLRP3 both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the absence of PGK1 reduces the phosphorylation level of NLRP3. Based on in vitro studies with mice bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), we further confirmed that siPGK1 plays a protective role by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization. The PGK1 inhibitor NG52 suppresses the occurrence of excessive inflammation in ALI. In general, it is plausible to consider a therapeutic strategy that focuses on modulating the relationship between PGK1 and NLRP3 as a means to mitigate the activation of inflammatory macrophages in ALI.

Histamine H4 receptor and TRPV1 mediate itch induced by cadaverine, a metabolite of the microbiome.

Cadaverine is an endogenous metabolite produced by the gut microbiome with various activity in physiological and pathological conditions. However, whether cadaverine regulates pain or itch remains unclear. In this study, we first found that cadaverine may bind to histamine 4 receptor (H4R) with higher docking energy score using molecular docking simulations, suggesting cadaverine may act as an endogenous ligand for H4R. We subsequently found intradermal injection of cadaverine into the nape or cheek of mice induces a dose-dependent scratching response in mice, which was suppressed by a selective H4R antagonist JNJ-7777120, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine and PLC inhibitor U73122, but not H1R antagonist or TRPA1 antagonist or TRPV4 antagonist. Consistently, cadaverine-induced itch was abolished in Trpv1-/- but not Trpa1-/- mice. Pharmacological analysis indicated that mast cells and opioid receptors were also involved in cadaverine-induced itch in mice. scRNA-Seq data analysis showed that H4R and TRPV1 are mainly co-expressed on NP2, NP3 and PEP1 DRG neurons. Calcium imaging analysis showed that cadaverine perfusion enhanced calcium influx in the dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which was suppressed by JNJ-7777120 and capsazepine, as well as in the DRG neurons from Trpv1-/- mice. Patch-clamp recordings found that cadaverine perfusion significantly increased the excitability of small diameter DRG neurons, and JNJ-7777120 abolished this effect, indicating involvement of H4R. Together, these results provide evidences that cadaverine is a novel endogenous pruritogens, which activates H4R/TRPV1 signaling pathways in the primary sensory neurons.

Metabolic engineering combined with site-directed saturated mutations of α-keto acid decarboxylase for efficient production of 6-aminocaproic acid and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine.

6-Aminocaproic acid (6ACA) and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) are key precursors for nylon synthesis, and both are produced using petroleum-based chemical processes. However, the utilization of bio-based raw materials for biological production of monomers is crucial for nylon industry. In this study, we demonstrated that metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and selected mutations of α-keto acid decarboxylase successfully synthesized 6ACA and HMDA. An artificial iterative cycle from l-lysine to chain-extended α-ketoacids was introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Then, the extended α-ketoacids were decarboxylated and oxidized for 6ACA production. Overexpression of catalase (KatE) combined with the site-directed mutations of α-isopropylmalate synthase (LeuA) contributed synergistic enhancement effect on synthesis of 6ACA, resulting in a 1.3-fold increase in 6ACA titer. Selected mutations in α-keto acid decarboxylase (KivD) improved its specificity and 170.00 ± 5.57 mg/L of 6ACA with a yield of 0.13 mol/mol (6ACA/ l-lysine hydrochloride) was achieved by shake flask cultivation of the engineered strain with the KivD# (F381Y/V461I). Meanwhile, the engineered E. coli could accumulate 84.67 ± 4.04 mg/L of HMDA with a yield of 0.08 mol/mol (HMDA/ l-lysine hydrochloride) by replacing aldehyde dehydrogenase with bi-aminotransferases. This achievement marks a significant advancement in the biological synthesis of 6-carbon compounds, since the biosynthetic pathways of HMDA are rarely identified.

Comprehending the inhibition mechanism of indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds on α-glucosidase: Spectral and theoretical approaches.

Indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds can inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase and control the concentration of blood glucose. In this paper, the characteristics of three indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds with different inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase as well as the interaction with α-glucosidase were studied by experiments and computational simulation techniques. Enzyme kinetic and spectral experiments showed that the indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds were able to inhibit enzyme activity through mixed inhibition dominated by competitive inhibition, and during the binding reaction, indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase through static quenching and an aggregation of the indole-based bis-acylhydrazone with α-glucosidase produces a stable complex with a molar ratio of 1:1, and the combination of indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds could lead to slight change in the conformation of α-glucosidase. The theoretical simulation demonstrated that the stability of the complex systems was positively correlated with the inhibitory activity of indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds, and the indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compounds occupied the active site in the multi-ligand system, resulting in a significant decrease in the binding ability of starch to active amino acids. These results suggested that indole-based bis-acylhydrazone compound was expected to be a new type of α-glucosidase inhibitor.

Nomogram based on immune-inflammatory indicators and age-adjusted charlson comorbidity index score to predict prognosis of postoperative parotid gland carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Parotid gland carcinoma (PGC) is a rare malignant tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of immune-inflammatory-nutrition indicators and age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score (ACCI) of PGC and develop the nomogram model for predicting prognosis. METHOD: All patients diagnosed with PGC in two tertiary hospitals, treated with surgical resection, from March 2012 to June 2018 were obtained. Potential prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The nomogram models were established based on these identified independent prognostic factors. The performance of the developed prognostic model was estimated by related indexes and plots. RESULT: The study population consisted of 344 patients with PGC who underwent surgical resection, 285 patients without smoking (82.8%), and 225 patients (65.4%) with mucoepidermoid carcinoma, with a median age of 50.0 years. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (p < 0.001), pathology (p = 0.019), tumor location (p < 0.001), extranodal extension (ENE) (p < 0.001), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (p = 0.004), prognostic nutrition index (PNI) (p = 0.003), ACCI (p < 0.001), and Glasgow prognostic Score (GPS) (p = 0.001) were independent indicators for disease free survival (DFS). Additionally, the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) including AJCC stage (p = 0.015), pathology (p = 0.004), tumor location (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.009), ENE (p < 0.001), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (p = 0.001), PNI (p = 0.001), ACCI (p = 0.003), and GPS (p = 0.033). The nomogram models for predicting DFS and OS in PGC patients were generated based on these independent risk factors. All nomogram models show good discriminative capability with area under curves (AUCs) over 0.8 (DFS 0.802, and OS 0.825, respectively). Decision curve analysis (DCA), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification index (NRI) show good clinical net benefit of the two nomograms in both training and validation cohorts. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed superior discrimination of DFS and OS in the new risk stratification system compared with the AJCC stage system. Finally, postoperative patients with PGC who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy had a better prognosis in the high-, and medium-risk subgroups (p < 0.05), but not for the low-risk subgroup. CONCLUSION: The immune-inflammatory-nutrition indicators and ACCI played an important role in both DFS and OS of PGC patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy had no benefit in the low-risk subgroup for PGC patients who underwent surgical resection. The newly established nomogram models perform well and can provide an individualized prognostic reference, which may be helpful for patients and surgeons in proper follow-up strategies.

Unlocking Efficient Hydrogen Production: Nucleophilic Oxidation Reactions Coupled with Water Splitting.

Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by sustainable energy is a clean and promising water-chemical fuel conversion technology for the production of high-purity green hydrogen. However, the sluggish kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pose challenges for large-scale hydrogen production, limiting its efficiency and safety. Recently, the anodic OER has been replaced by a nucleophilic oxidation reaction (NOR) with biomass as the substrate and coupled with a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which has attracted great interest. Anode NOR offers faster kinetics, generates high-value products, and reduces energy consumption. By coupling NOR with hydrogen evolution reaction, hydrogen production efficiency can be enhanced while yielding high-value oxidation products or degrading pollutants. Therefore, NOR-coupled HER hydrogen production is another new green electrolytic hydrogen production strategy after electrolytic water hydrogen production, which is of great significance for realizing sustainable energy development and global decarbonization. This review explores the potential of nucleophilic oxidation reactions as an alternative to OER and delves into NOR mechanisms, guiding future research in NOR-coupled hydrogen production. It assesses different NOR-coupled production methods, analyzing reaction pathways and catalyst effects. Furthermore, it evaluates the role of electrolyzers in industrialized NOR-coupled hydrogen production and discusses future prospects and challenges. This comprehensive review aims to advance efficient and economical large-scale hydrogen production.

Increasing GSH-Px Activity and Activating Wnt Pathway Promote Fine Wool Growth in FGF5-Edited Sheep.

Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) plays key roles in promoting the transition from the anagen to catagen during the hair follicle cycle. The sheep serves as an excellent model for studying hair growth and is frequently utilized in various research processes related to human skin diseases. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate four FGF5-edited Dorper sheep and only low levels of FGF5 were detected in the edited sheep. The density of fine wool in GE sheep was markedly increased, and the proportion of fine wool with a diameter of 14.4-20.0 µm was significantly higher. The proliferation signal in the skin of gene-edited (GE) sheep was stronger than in wild-type (WT) sheep. FGF5 editing decreased cortisol concentration in the skin, further activated the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and regulated the expression of Wnt signaling pathways containing Wnt agonists (Rspondins, Rspos) and antagonists (Notum) in hair regeneration. We suggest that FGF5 not only mediates the activation of antioxidant pathways by cortisol, which constitutes a highly coordinated microenvironment in hair follicle cells, but also influences key signals of the Wnt pathway to regulate secondary hair follicle (SHF) development. Overall, our findings here demonstrate that FGF5 plays a significant role in regulating SHF growth in sheep and potentially serves as a molecular marker of fine wool growth in sheep breeding.

Novel prognostic nomograms for postoperative patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in the central region of China.

BACKGROUND: Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common pathological type in oral tumors. This study intends to construct a novel prognostic nomogram model based on China populations for these resectable OCSCC patients, and then validate these nomograms. METHODS: A total of 607 postoperative patients with OCSCC diagnosed between June 2012 and June 2018 were obtained from two tertiary medical institutions in Xinxiang and Zhengzhou. Then, 70% of all the cases were randomly assigned to the training group and the rest to the validation group. The endpoint time was defined as overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The nomograms for predicting the 3-, and 5-year OS and DFS in postoperative OCSCC patients were established based on the independent prognostic factors, which were identified by the univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. A series of indexes were utilized to assess the performance and net benefit of these two newly constructed nomograms. Finally, the discrimination capability of OS and DFS was compared between the new risk stratification and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: 607 postoperative patients with OCSCC were selected and randomly assigned to the training cohort (n = 425) and validation cohort (n = 182). The nomograms for predicting OS and DFS in postoperative OCSCC patients had been established based on the independent prognostic factors. Moreover, dynamic nomograms were also established for more convenient clinical application. The C-index for predicting OS and DFS were 0.691, 0.674 in the training group, and 0.722, 0.680 in the validation group, respectively. Besides, the calibration curve displayed good consistency between the predicted survival probability and actual observations. Finally, the excellent performance of these two nomograms was verified by the NRI, IDI, and DCA curves in comparison to the AJCC stage system. CONCLUSION: The newly established and validated nomograms for predicting OS and DFS in postoperative patients with OCSCC perform well, which can be helpful for clinicians and contribute to clinical decision-making.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality Among Chinese College Students: The Chain Mediating Role of Stress and Smartphone Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: During the period of COVID-19 pandemic, the social restrictions and isolation exerted a significant impact on the sleep quality of Chinese college students. This study aims to delve into the influence of physical activity on the sleep quality of college students as well as the mediating roles of stress and smartphone addiction. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 274 eligible college students (146 males and 128 females) were selected for the investigation. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Stress Perception Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were employed to assess the levels of physical activity, stress, smartphone addiction, and sleep quality among college students. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and chained mediation effect tests were performed sequentially. Results: The findings revealed: (1) a significant negative correlation between physical activity and stress, smartphone addiction, and sleep quality among college students (r = -0.216, p < 0.001; r = -0.224, p < 0.001; r = -0.259, p < 0.001); (2) independent mediating roles of stress and smartphone addiction in the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality; and (3) chained mediating effects of stress and smartphone addiction in the association between physical activity and sleep quality. Conclusion: This study deepens our comprehension of how physical activity augments the quality of slumber, concurrently emphasizing that mitigating stress levels and alleviating smartphone addiction constitute effective strategies for preventing sleep issues among college students.

Pd-Catalyzed Atroposelective C-H Olefination: Diverse Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl-2-carboxylic Acids.

Axially chiral carboxylic acids are important motifs in chiral catalysts and ligands. We herein reported the synthesis of axially chiral carboxylic acids via Pd(II)-catalyzed atroposelective C-H olefination using carboxylic acid as the native directing group. A broad range of axial chiral biaryl-2-carboxylic acids were synthesized in good yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 84% yield with 99% ee). Gram-scale reaction and further transformation reactions also provide a platform for synthetic applications of this method.

Oridonin attenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing PKM2/NLRP3-mediated macrophage pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND: The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) mediated pyroptosis of macrophages is closely associated with liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). As a covalent inhibitor of NLRP3, Oridonin (Ori), has strong anti-inflammasome effect, but its effect and mechanisms for liver IRI are still unknown. METHODS: Mice and liver macrophages were treated with Ori, respectively. Co-IP and LC-MS/MS analysis of the interaction between PKM2 and NLRP3 in macrophages. Liver damage was detected using H&E staining. Pyroptosis was detected by WB, TEM, and ELISA. RESULTS: Ori ameliorated liver macrophage pyroptosis and liver IRI. Mechanistically, Ori inhibited the interaction between pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) and NLRP3 in hypoxia/reoxygenation（H/R）-induced macrophages, while the inhibition of PKM2/NLRP3 reduced liver macrophage pyroptosis and liver IRI. CONCLUSION: Ori exerted protective effects on liver IRI via suppressing PKM2/NLRP3-mediated liver macrophage pyroptosis, which might become a potential therapeutic target in the clinic.