[Current situation and problems of national standards for Chinese medicinal materials].

To learn the current situation and strengthen the management of national standards for Chinese medicinal materials, we sorted out the relevant national standards. According to incomplete statistics, there are 1 185 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, including 1 024 kinds of plant medicines, 106 kinds of animal medicines, and 54 kinds of mineral medicines, in addition to ethnic medicinal materials with different functions. The relevant standards include 819 Pharmacopoeia standards, 342 standards issued by the Ministry of Health or National Medicinal Products Administration, 7 standards for new medicinal materials, and 17 standards for imported medicinal materials. In this paper, the sources of standards as well as the distribution of families and genera and the distribution of medicinal parts of medicinal materials are analyzed. The suggestions are as follows:(1)to improve the coordination among different national standards of Chinese medicinal materials;(2)to improve the standardization and controllability of relevant standards;(3)to revise the issued standards for Chinese medicinal materials(including Tibetan, Uygur, and Mongolian medicinal materials).

[Chemical constituents of Angelica nitida roots].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents in the roots of Angelica nitida. METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel,their structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as isoimperatorin(I), imperatorin(II), cnidilin(III), beta-sitosterol(IV), isopimpinellin(V), phellopterin(VI), neobyakangelicol(VII), (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-8-hydroxylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b: 5,4-b'] dipyran-6-one(VIll) and byakangelicin (IX). CONCLUSION: All the compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.

Protective Effect of Anthocyanins Extract from Blueberry on TNBS-Induced IBD Model of Mice.

This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of anthocyanins extract of blueberry on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model of mice. The study employed female C57BL/6 mice (n = 50), and colitis was induced by intracolonic injection of 0.5 mg of TNBS dissolved in 50% ethanol-phosphate buffered solution. The mice were divided into five groups (n = 10): vehicle, TNBS control and anthocyanins groups that received different doses of anthocyanins extract (10, 20 and 40 mg kg(-1)) daily for 6 days. Both increase in body weight and diarrhea symptoms were monitored each day. After 6 days, the animals were killed, and the following parameters were assessed: colon length, morphological score, histological score and biochemical assay (NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ). The results showed that the anthocyanins extract of blueberry rendered strong protection against TNBS-induced colonic damage at a dosage of 40 mg kg(-1). When compared with the control, anthocyanins extract significantly prevented loss of body weight and ameliorated the scores of diarrhea, morphology and histology. Treatment with anthocyanins extract restored IL-10 excretion, as well as caused reduction in the levels of NO, MPO, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Our research revealed the protective effect of anthocyanins extract from blueberry on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice, as well as examined whether high levels of dietary blueberries would lower the risk or have protective effects on human IBD, which may require further investigation.

[Comparative analysis on the configuration of vegetative organs of medicinal Chrysanthemum from different original locations and species].

OBJECTIVE: Compared the difference of the configuration of vegetative organs of medicinal Chrysanthemum in the same habitats but from various original locations and species, in order to provide scientific basis for the study of introduction, differentiation within the species, breeding and genetic diversity. METHODS: The experimental plot were divided into some groups randomly in design and the configuration of vegetative organs were observed, measureed and analysed. RESULTS: The differences of the type and shape of the leaves were obvious. All the Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Gongju' had deep notch long-leaves; Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Boju', Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Chuju', Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hang bai ju' and Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hang huang ju' had deep notch correctitude-leaves; Chrysanthemum nakingense and Chrysanthemum indicum had long-leaves; Chrysanthemum indicum had clump-leaves. All the 12 medicinal Dendranthema material had auricle except Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Boju' and Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Chuju'. The young leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Gongju', Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Gongju' and Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hang bai ju' did not split and the rest were all splitting. CONCLUSION: The differences of the configuration of vegetative organs were obvious and the Key of Vegetative organs was built.

[Studies on the chemical constituents in roots of Angelica tianmuensis and A. megaphylla].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in roots of Angelica tianmuensis and A. megaphylla. METHODS: Compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, their structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Another three compounds (ligustilone, 5-methoxyhamaudol, cimifugin) were obtained from the roots of Angelica tianmuensis, and another two compounds (ligustilone, angelol) were obtained from the roots of A. megaphylla. CONCLUSION: All the compounds are isolated in these two plants for the first time, and ligustilone is first found from Angelica L..

[Selection of the microorganism for dioscin hydrolyze].

OBJECTIVE: To select the microorganism which can hydrolyze dioscin to diosgenin. METHODS: The microorganism were selected from the surface of rhizome, rhizosphere soil, the inside of the leaves and rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. Diosgenin was identified by thin-layer chromatography and HPLC. RESULTS: The microorganism which could hydrolyze dioscin from the experiment were identified as Aspergillus sp and Alternaria sp. Characteristics of enzymes production and fermentation technology of Aspergillus No. 1 were also studied primarily. CONCLUSION: The Aspergillus strain No. 1 can secret enzyme to hydrolyze dioscin into diosgenin effectively.

[Research of polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita Thunb].

OBJECTIVE: To isolate a homogeneous polysaccharide RP from RDP (a crude polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) , and study its preliminary composition and structure. METHODS: RP was obtained with water extraction, alcohol sedimentation, CTAB deprotein, cellulose column and SephadexG-100 column. The purities of RP were identified by SephadexG-200. PC analysis on its acidic hydrolysates was used to determine the sugar components. Sephadex chromatography was used to mensurate its molecular weight. IR was used to analysis RP. RESULTS: RP was homogeneous. IR indicated that RP had beta configurations. The compositon was identified by paper chromatography as glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose. CONCLUSION: The research could provide a theoretical foundation for further development and utilization.

[Studies on the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Breynia fruticosa].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Breynia fruticosa. METHOD: Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods. RESULT: Seven compounds were obtained and identified by spectroscopic methods and compared with authentic samples as aviculin [(+)-isolariciresinol-9'-rhamno-pyranoside], friedelan-3beta-ol, friedelin, arborinone, isoarborinol, 5-hydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxy flavone, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone. CONCLUSION: All compounds were firstly isolated from B. genus, furthermore, aviculin was isolated from Euphorbiaceae for the first time.