Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation of Novel Indanone Derivatives for the Treatment of Vascular Dementia.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from cerebral vascular obstruction, leading to cognitive impairment, and currently lacks effective treatment options. Due to its complex pathogenesis, multi-target drug design (MTDLs) strategies are considered among the most promising therapeutic approaches. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel indanone derivatives targeting targets related to vascular health and dementia. The results indicated that compound C5 exhibited excellent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.16 ± 0.41 µM) and anti-platelet aggregation activity (IC50 = 4.92 ± 0.10 µM) within ranges of 0.1-1000 µM and 0.03-300 µM, respectively, possibly mediated by molecular docking interactions. Furthermore, compound C5 demonstrated protective effects on cells at concentrations ≤50 µM, significantly reducing the release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) in a concentration-dependent manner, showcasing its potent neuroinflammatory inhibitory effects. Anti-inflammatory therapies are regarded as effective strategies for treating VaD. Therefore, compound C5 holds promise as a novel candidate drug for further investigation into the treatment of vascular dementia.

Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Luteolin-Copper Complex Nanodelivery System for Bacterial Prostatitis.

Bacterial prostatitis is a common disease of the male genitourinary system, which seriously affects the normal life and health of male patients. Antibiotics are commonly used in the clinical treatment of bacterial prostatitis, but the efficacy of fluoroquinolones is gradually declining due to the increasing drug resistance of bacteria. Hence, it is necessary to find new antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial prostatitis. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid compound with many pharmacological activities such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, but its poor water solubility and low structural stability seriously limit its clinical application. In this study, we designed a targeting drug delivery system via a luteolin-copper complex grafted with hyaluronic acid. The results of the characterization proved the successful synthesis of the system. The results of the in vitro performance test show that the system has a good antibacterial effect and excellent blood compatibility and can be effectively released under different pH conditions. The prepared nanodrug delivery system not only provides a new idea for the treatment of bacterial prostatitis but also lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the wide application of luteolin in clinical practice.

Triazoles in the environment: An update on sample pretreatment and analysis methods.

Triazoles, due to their high bactericidal performance, have been widely used in the agricultural, clinical, and chemical industry. However, triazoles have been proven to cause endocrine-toxic and organ impairment in humans as a potentially toxic substance. Besides, because of the improper use and difficulty of degradation, triazoles pesticide residues left in the environment could pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, the rapid, reliable, accurate, and high-sensitivity triazoles analysis methods are significantly essential to effectively monitor their presence in various samples and safeguard human health. This review aims to summarize and update the progress of the pretreatment and analytical methods of triazole fungicides in environmental samples from 2012 to 2024. Common pretreatment methods used to extract and purify targets include simple steps (e.g., protein precipitation and coated blade spray), liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, and various microextraction methods such as liquid-phase microextraction and solid-phase microextraction, among others. Detection methods mainly include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, supercritical fluid chromatography, sensing methods, and capillary electrophoresis. In addition, we elaborate and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different pretreatment and analytical methods, and their development prospects are discussed.

The contribution of seasonal variations and Zostera marina presence to the bacterial community assembly of seagrass bed sediments.

BACKGROUND: Microorganisms play pivotal roles in seagrass ecosystems by facilitating material and elemental cycling as well as energy flux. However, our understanding of how seasonal factors and seagrass presence influence the assembly of bacterial communities in seagrass bed sediments is limited. Employing high-throughput sequencing techniques, this study investigates and characterizes bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and the bulk sediments across different seasons. The research elucidates information on the significance of seasonal variations and seagrass presence in impacting the microbial communities associated with Zostera marina. RESULTS: The results indicate that seasonal variations have a more significant impact on the bacterial community in seagrass bed sediments than the presence of seagrass. We observed that the assembly of bacterial communities in bulk sediments primarily occurs through stochastic processes. However, the presence of seagrass leading to a transition from stochastic to deterministic processes in bacterial community assembly. This shift further impacts the complexity and stability of the bacterial co-occurrence network. Through LEfSe analysis, different candidate biomarkers were identified in the bacterial communities of rhizosphere sediments in different seasons, indicating that seagrass may possess adaptive capabilities to the environment during different stages of growth and development. CONCLUSIONS: Seasonal variations play a significant role in shaping these communities, while seagrass presence influences the assembly processes and stability of the bacterial community. These insights will provide valuable information for the ecological conservation of seagrass beds.

Personalized treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma based on tumor genetic and molecular characteristics.

This editorial discusses the article written by Tchilikidi et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. Genetic and molecular profiling of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) has identified a number of key abnormalities that drive tumor growth and spread, including pyruvate kinase M2, proline rich 11, and transcription factor 7, etc. pCCA has specific genetic and molecular features that can be used to develop personalized treatment plans. Personalized treatment approaches offer new opportunities for effectively targeting the underlying drivers of tumor growth and progression. The findings based on tumor genetic and molecular characteristics highlight the importance of developing personalized treatment strategies.

Exploring the leaf regeneration cycles response of Zostera japonica to ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification is one of the major global environmental problems facing humankind today, and it has far-reaching impacts on marine organisms and the entire marine ecosystem. Zostera japonica, an important supporting species of intertidal seagrass beds, exhibits high photosynthetic productivity and plays an important role in the carbon cycle of nearshore waters. However, little is known about the characteristics, processes, and mechanisms of its response to ocean acidification. In this study, we conducted a 120-day acidification experiment in Z. japonica; here, plants underwent four leaf regeneration cycles to reveal the response mechanism of Z. japonica to ocean acidification (OA). We found that acidification significantly affected the seedling stage of Z. japonica, impacting leaf regeneration cycles by altering physiological and molecular responses. In one leaf regeneration cycle, the short-term exposure to CO2 affected the seagrass parameters, such as the regulation of inorganic carbon uptake modes and the regulation of photosynthesis between the dark and light reactions, with the potential to affect the carbon sinks of the marine organisms. The long-term effects on the regulation of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant metabolites, caused an improvement in the marine life adaptation to OA. In a comparison of the different leaf regeneration cycles, the response pattern of Z. japonica showed an offset of the acidification during the short cycles and an adaption to the acidification during the long cycles. This study revealed the response mechanism of Z. japonica to OA at different time scales and could provide a theoretical basis for accurately assessing the impact of OA on seagrass and the entire seagrass bed ecosystem.

Chronic stress in adulthood results in microvascular dysfunction and subsequent depressive-like behavior.

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder characterized by unknown pathogenesis and challenging treatment. Recent meta-analyses reveal an association between cardiovascular risk factors and an elevated risk of depression. Despite this, the precise role of vascular injury in depression development remains unclear. In this investigation, we assess vascular system function in three established animal models of depression- chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and maternal separation (MS)-utilizing ultrasonography and laser Doppler measurement. All three model animals exhibit anhedonia and despair-like behavior. However, significant microvascular dysfunction (not macrovascular) is observed in animals subjected to CUMS and CSDS models, while such dysfunction is absent in the MS model. Statistical analysis further indicates that microcirculation dysfunction is not only associated with depression-like behavior but is also intricately involved in the development of depression in the CUMS and CSDS models. Furthermore, our study has proved for the first time that endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient (eNOS+/-) mice, which is a classic model of vascular endothelial injury, showed depression-like behavior which occurred two months later than microvascular dysfunction. Notably, the mitigation of microvascular dysfunction successfully reverses depression-like behavior in eNOS+/- mice by enhancing nitric oxide production. In conclusion, this study unveils the pivotal role of microvascular dysfunction in the onset of depression induced by chronic stress in adulthood and proposes that modulating microvascular function may serve as a potential intervention in the treatment of depression.

Targeting osteoblastic 11ß-HSD1 to combat high-fat diet-induced bone loss and obesity.

Excessive glucocorticoid (GC) action is linked to various metabolic disorders. Recent findings suggest that disrupting skeletal GC signaling prevents bone loss and alleviates metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, underpinning the neglected contribution of skeletal GC action to obesity and related bone loss. Here, we show that the elevated expression of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1), the enzyme driving local GC activation, and GC signaling in osteoblasts, are associated with bone loss and obesity in HFD-fed male mice. Osteoblast-specific 11ß-HSD1 knockout male mice exhibit resistance to HFD-induced bone loss and metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, elevated 11ß-HSD1 restrains glucose uptake and osteogenic activity in osteoblast. Pharmacologically inhibiting osteoblastic 11ß-HSD1 by using bone-targeted 11ß-HSD1 inhibitor markedly promotes bone formation, ameliorates glucose handling and mitigated obesity in HFD-fed male mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that osteoblastic 11ß-HSD1 directly contributes to HFD-induced bone loss, glucose handling impairment and obesity.

Comparison of long-term quality of life and their predictors in survivors between paediatric and adult nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era.

BACKGROUND: To compare the differences in long-term quality of life (QoL) between survivors of paediatric and adult patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and assess the clinical factors that predict long-term QoL. METHODS: We enrolled 420 long-term NPC survivors who were alive for at least 8 years after treatment, including 195 paediatric and 225 adult patients diagnosed and treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre (SYSUCC) between 2011 and 2015. Data on clinical factors and EORTC QLQ-C30 were collected from all participants. The QoL of paediatric and adult NPC survivors was compared. RESULTS: The paediatric group had significantly better outcomes in global health status (paediatric: 80.2 ± 12.7; adult: 77.2 ± 11.5; P = 0.027), physical function (paediatric: 98.5 ± 4.6; adult: 95.1 ± 7.0; P < 0.001), role function (paediatric: 97.0 ± 9.2; adult: 90.5 ± 15.2; P < 0.001), social function (paediatric: 96.0 ± 8.9; adult: 93.5 ± 11.8; P = 0.038), insomnia (paediatric: 1.9 ± 7.8; adult: 13.1 ± 22.3; P < 0.001), constipation (paediatric: 1.3 ± 7.5; adult: 8.0 ± 17.4; P < 0.001), diarrhea (paediatric: 0.7 ± 4.6; adult: 2.8 ± 9.3; P = 0.010), and financial difficulties (paediatric: 1.9 ± 7.8; adult: 11.0 ± 19.8; P < 0.001), but poorer cognitive function (paediatric: 88.3 ± 9.9; adult: 93.8 ± 12.6; P < 0.001) than the adult group. Pretreatment clinical factors, including T stage, N stage, and pre-treatment EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) DNA, showed a strong association with QoL. However, the factors that affected the QoL outcomes differed between the two groups. In survivors of paediatric cancer, global health status/QoL was strongly correlated with T stage (P < 0.001) and clinical stage (P = 0.018), whereas it was strongly correlated with pre-treatment EBV DNA (P = 0.008) in adults. CONCLUSION: Paediatric survivors of NPC have a significantly better QoL than adult NPC survivors. Moreover, pre-treatment T stage, N stage, and EBV DNA significantly influenced the overall health status of the survivors. These results highlight the need to tailor care to both age groups to promote better long-term health outcomes.

Meta-analysis and systematic review of factors predicting conversion to radical nephrectomy following robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy in renal cancer patients.

Evaluating the risk factors for the conversion from robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) to radical nephrectomy (RN). Through a comprehensive database search encompassing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, we identified pertinent English-language research published by June 2024. We utilized the NOS scale for quality assessment. The aggregate effect was quantified via the odds ratio (OR), alongside a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity analyses were conducted using both fixed-effects and random-effects models to evaluate reliability. The meta-analytical process was facilitated by the Stata 18 software suite. Our meta-analysis encompassed a total of 8 retrospective studies and 3 prospective studies, totaling 4056 patients. We found that increasing patient age (OR: 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08; P = 0.005), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores (3 or above) (OR: 2.74; 95% CI 1.52-4.93; P = 0.001), elevated R.E.N.A.L. scores (7 or above) (OR: 2.49; 95% CI 1.57-3.95; P < 0.001), and the use of off-clamp RAPN (OR: 7.21; 95% CI 2.60-19.93; P < 0.001) significantly raised the odds of surgical conversion. On the other hand, male sex (OR: 1.04; 95% CI 0.67-1.62; P = 0.858), the side of the tumor (OR: 0.97; 95% CI 0.48-1.95; P = 0.936), tumor size (OR: 3.43; 95% CI 0.57-20.55; P = 0.177), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.03; 95% CI 0.96-1.11; P = 0.426), clinical stage (OR: 3.78; 95% CI 0.46-30.70; P = 0.214), and the use of single-port RAPN (OR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.16-1.78; P = 0.31) did not show a statistically significant link to an increased conversion risk. This meta-analysis elucidates the critical risk factors for the conversion from robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy to radical nephrectomy, providing significant guidance for preoperative risk assessment and clinical decision-making. However, our findings necessitate validation through studies with larger sample sizes.

A Diphosphonic Acid-Based Interlayer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

We investigate an interlayer of 6,6'-bis(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-(2,2'-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(propane-3,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) (BINOL-PA) with undoped poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) coverage. The incorporation of the 1,10-bi-2-naphthol central core enhances π-π stacking and reduces charge recombination at the interface. Compared to PTAA alone (0.95 eV), BINOL-PA/PTAA exhibits a shorter distance from the Fermi energy (EF) to the valence-band maximum (VBM) (0.36 eV). Two phosphoric acid units in BINOL-PA fine-tune the molecular dipoles. Theoretical calculations reveal electrostatic surface potential differences between BINOL-PA and PTAA in their backbone structure. Open-circuit voltage decay (OCVD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results suggest suppressed interface recombination. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE), short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF) for the BINOL-PA/PTAA device are measured as 21.02%, 22.67 mA cm-2, 1.12 V, and 82.8%, respectively, all higher than those achieved by the PTAA device with a PCE of 18%. BINOL-PA/PTAA significantly elevates VOC and FF values compared with dopant-free PTAA alone. The champion device retains over 89% of its initial PCE after being exposed to an ambient environment without encapsulation for more than 30 days. The thermal aging test conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere demonstrates that the efficiency retention rate for BINOL-PA/PTAA displays 60% of its initial efficiency after 1500 h.

Comparative study of HIFU partial gland ablation and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer: an evidence-based approach.

PURPOSE: This research aims to use a data-driven analytical method to compare the effectiveness of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) partial gland ablation with Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) for treating localized prostate cancer, evaluating variations in treatment results. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature, covering key databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with the latest information updated until August 2024. We utilized Stata 18 for data analysis, computing weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous data and odds ratios (ORs) for categorical data, with all results reported alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, the studies included were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS: This meta-analysis incorporated data from three paired studies, encompassing a total of 1,503 patients. Patients treated with HIFU experienced a shorter hospital stay (WMD = -2.78, 95%CI -5.14,-0.43; p = 0.02) compared to those who received RARP. Additionally, evaluations at 3 and 12 months post-surgery revealed that the HIFU group exhibited better recovery in urinary continence and sexual function than the RARP group. However, there were no notable disparities in complication rates (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 0.92,2.40; p = 0.110) and the requirement for salvage therapy (OR = 2.92, 95%CI 0.60,14.33; p = 0.186) between the two treatment methods. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this meta-analysis appears to suggest potential benefits of HIFU partial gland ablation in possibly reducing the length of hospital stays and seems to indicate that it might be associated with improved recovery in terms of urinary incontinence and sexual function, particularly during the early to mid-term postoperative period. Although the differences in complication rates and the requirement for salvage therapy between the two surgical methods were not statistically significant, the findings provided by this analysis are instrumental in guiding clinical decision-making.

Long-axial field-of-view PET/CT improves radiomics feature reliability.

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT systems on radiomics feature reliability, to assess the suitability for short-duration or low-activity acquisitions for textural feature analysis and to investigate the influence of acceptance angle. METHODS: 34 patients were analysed: twelve patients underwent oncological 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT, fourteen [18F]PSMA-1007 and eight [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC. Data were obtained using a 106 cm LAFOV system for 10 min. Sinograms were generated from list-mode data corresponding to scan durations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 600s using both standard (minimum ring difference MRD 85 crystals) and maximum acceptance angles (MRD 322). Target lesions were segmented and radiomics features were calculated. To assess feature correlation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) was calculated with respect to the full duration acquisition for MRD 85 and 322 respectively. The number of features with excellent (r > 0.9), moderate (r > 0.7 and < 0.9) and poor (r ≤ 0.7) correlation was compared as a measure of feature stability. Intra-class heterogeneity was assessed by means of the quartile coefficient of dispersion. RESULTS: As expected, PPMCC improved with acquisition time for all features. By 240s almost all features showed at least moderate agreement with the full count (C100%) data, and by 360s almost all showed excellent agreement. Compared to standard-axial field of view (SAFOV) equivalent scans, fewer features showed moderate or poor agreement, and this was most pronounced for [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC. Data obtained at C100% at MRD 322 were better able to capture between-patient heterogeneities. CONCLUSION: The improved feature reliability at longer acquisition times and higher MRD demonstrate the advantages of high sensitivity LAFOV systems for reproducible and low-noise data. High fidelity between MRD 85 and MRD 322 was seen at all scan durations > 2s. When contrasted with data comparable to a simulated SAFOV acquisition, full-count and full-MRD data were better able to capture underlying feature heterogeneities.

Sulfonated Covalent Organic Frameworks Anchoring Cobalt as High-Efficient and Stable Catalysts for Peroxymonosulfate Activation.

Heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysts are highly effective in activing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and produce free radicals to deal with recalcitrant organic pollutants in water. However, unfeasible recyclability and gradual performance degradation remain challenging due to the easy agglomeration and leaching of active cobalt species. Herein, a strategy is proposed to construct stably anchored and highly dispersed Co2+ sites on dual functional sulfonated covalent organic frameworks (COF-Co). The sulfonic acid groups are able to realize the targeted binding with cobalt ions through a two-step cation-exchange method, leading to strong combination with active Co2+ sites and utmost utilization efficiencies. Moreover, the super-hydrophility of sulfonic acid groups favors the rapid accessibility of organic molecules to the catalyst and accelerates the degradation. Remarkably, COF-Co exhibits high activity in PMS activation, effective oxidation for tetracycline degradation (92% within 30 min at 30 mg L-1) and other coloring contaminants, and excellent recycle stability. This work can guide the rational design of efficient and environmentally friendly PMS-activated catalyst with great potential for application in wastewater treatment.

Effects of continuous and transgenerational rearing in peanut leaves on the performance and enzyme activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest that significantly threatens crops worldwide. FAW may undergo adaptation, enhancing its ability to infect specific plant hosts. However, there is limited knowledge on this topic. After 8 generations of constant rearing on peanut leaves, the performance and enzyme activities of FAW were investigated in this study. Compared to FAW fed on the peanut cultivars 'Fuhua 8' and 'Quanhonghua 1' for 2 generations, those grown on leaves for 5 to 8 generations had significantly shorter pre-adult development times and total preoviposition periods. Fecundity also increased significantly, resulting in an overall improvement in population fitness as measured by demographic parameters. However, the F2 generation of FAW fed on corn leaves outperformed the F8 generation of FAW fed on peanut leaves. In the F2 generation, the FAW peanut population exhibited 30-55% supernumerary larval molts, which decreased substantially in the F5 and F8 generations. Notably, supernumerary larval molts displayed pupation and emergence rates comparable to normal larvae, regardless of the peanut cultivar or rearing generation. The activities of lipase and acetylcholinesterase increased significantly from the F2 to F8 generations, showing substantial negative and positive correlations with larval development time and fecundity, respectively. In conclusion, FAW demonstrated inferior performance on peanut leaves compared to corn leaves, despite its performance was significantly improved after 5 to 8 generations of acclimation. These results suggest that corn will continue to be the primary target crop for FAW in China.

Outcomes of Radical Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Localized Renal Pelvic and Ureteral Carcinoma Intolerant to Surgery: A Real-World Study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of radical radiotherapy for localized inoperable renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma. METHODS: 23 patients who received radiotherapy were enrolled. The prescribed dose was 60 to 67.5 Gy in 25 fractions and for bulky tumors, SABR was used in the first 3 to 5 times with tumor center boosted synchronously with 6 to 8 Gy/f. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate local control (LC), DMFS, CSS and OS. Univariate analysis was performed by the log-rank test. The change in the eGFR before and after radiotherapy was compared by paired t test. The side effects were graded by CTCAE, version 5.0. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 17 months. The LC rates at 2 years after radiotherapy were 85.0%; the DMFS rates were 52.2%; the CSS rates were 83.0%; and the OS rates were 77.8%. The main failure mode after radiotherapy was distant metastasis. Univariate analysis revealed that T3-4 stage (P = .001), N+ status (P < .001) and a tumor volume ≥ 20 cc (P = .005) were poor prognostic factors for DMFS. There was no significant difference in the mean eGFR before and after radiotherapy (47.0 mL/min/1.73m2 vs. 48.5 mL/min/1.73m2, P = .632). Only 1 patient developed acute grade 3 anemia. No patients developed grade 3 or higher late toxicities. CONCLUSION: For localized inoperable renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma, radiotherapy is well tolerable with high local control and expected to bring survival benefits. In such patients, radiotherapy may be an option when surgery is unsuitable.

Rapid profiling of carcinogenic types of Helicobacter pylori infection via deep learning analysis of label-free SERS spectra of human serum.

WHO classified Helicobacter pylori as a Group I carcinogen for gastric cancer as early as 1994. However, despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, only about 3 % of infected individuals eventually develop gastric cancer, with the highly virulent H. pylori strains expressing cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) being critical factors in gastric carcinogenesis. It is well known that H. pylori infection is divided into two types in terms of the presence and absence of CagA and VacA toxins in serum, that is, carcinogenic Type I infection (CagA+/VacA+, CagA+/VacA-, CagA-/VacA+) and non-carcinogenic Type II infection (CagA-/VacA-). Currently, detecting the two carcinogenic toxins in active modes is mainly done by diagnosing their serological antibodies. However, the method is restricted by expensive reagents and intricate procedures. Therefore, establishing a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective way for serological profiling of carcinogenic H. pylori infection holds significant implications for effectively guiding H. pylori eradication and gastric cancer prevention. In this study, we developed a novel method by combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the deep learning algorithm convolutional neural network to create a model for distinguishing between serum samples with Type I and Type II H. pylori infections. This method holds the potential to facilitate rapid screening of H. pylori infections with high risks of carcinogenesis at the population level, which can have long-term benefits in reducing gastric cancer incidence when used for guiding the eradication of H. pylori infections.

Marine toxins in environment: Recent updates on depuration techniques.

Marine toxins pose a significant safety risk, leading to human intoxications and causing substantial economic losses in seafood-producing regions. The development of rapid, cost-effective, efficient, and reliable approaches for the containment of these substances is therefore crucial in order to mitigate the adverse impact of marine toxins. This research conducted a comprehensive review on the toxicity and influencing factors of marine toxins production. Additionally, depuration technologies, including adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, heating treatment, temporary maintenance and purification, and drug inhibition, were systematically summarized. The study also provided a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various depuration technologies and proposed strategies for future development.

Perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes in obese patients undergoing Da Vinci robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The influence of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in obese (OB) and non-obese (NOB) prostate cancer patients remains a topic of debate. The objective of this study was to juxtapose the perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes of RARP in OB and NOB cohorts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched the databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library database to identify relevant studies published in English up to September 2023. Review Manager was used to compare various parameters. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023473136). Sixteen comparative trials were included for 8434 obese patients compared with 55,266 non-obese patients. RESULTS: The OB group had a longer operative time (WMD 17.8 min, 95% CI 9.7,25.8; p < 0.0001), a longer length of hospital stay (WMD 0.18 day, 95% CI 0.12,0.24; p < 0.00001, a higher estimated blood loss (WMD 50.6 ml, 95% CI 11.7,89.6; p = 0.01), and higher pelvic lymphadenectomy rate (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04,1.12; p < 0.0001)and lower nerve sparing rate (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91,0.99; p < 0.01), but there was no difference between unilateral (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8,1.3; p = 0.8)and bilateral (RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9,1.0; p = 0.06)nerve sparing rate. Then, complication rates (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5,1.7; p < 0.00001) were higher in the OB group, and both major (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1,1.8; p = 0.01)and minor (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1,1.7; p < 0.01)complication rates were higher in the OB group. Moreover, obese patients showed significantly higher probabilities of incontinence (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03,1.33; p = 0.01) and impotency (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01,1.15; p = 0.02) at 1 year. Last, the positive surgical margin (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1,1.3; p < 0.01) was higher in the OB group. CONCLUSION: In the obese group, perioperative outcomes, total complications, functional outcomes, and oncologic outcomes were all worse for RARP. Weight loss before RARP may be a feasible strategy to improve the prognosis of patients.

A comprehensive examination and meta-analysis evaluating perioperative, oncological, and functional results of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in comparison to three-dimensional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (3D LRP).

Assessing the perioperative, oncological, and functional results of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus three-dimensional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (3D LRP), a comprehensive exploration of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was carried out until July 2024. The combined results were evaluated by utilizing the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) through the application of Stata version 18, where data were gathered and scrutinized. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of our findings. In the meta-analysis we conducted, four studies were incorporated in total, which comprised two randomized controlled trials, one study that was retrospective and another that was prospective. The findings revealed that RARP was associated with a significantly reduced estimated blood loss (EBL) (WMD - 31.04, 95%CI - 54.57, - 7.51; p = 0.01) compared to 3D LRP. Nonetheless, there were no notable statistical variances seen between the two groups regarding operative time (OT), nerve-sparing rates, positive surgical margin (PSM) rates, biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates, or the restoration of urinary continence and potency 3 or 6 months after the surgery. In conclusion, our comprehensive meta-analysis has offered a detailed contrast between the results of RARP and 3D LRP in the treatment of prostate cancer. The findings highlight a considerable decrease in projected blood loss linked with RARP, yet no notable variances were detected between the two methods regarding other perioperative, oncological, and functional results.