RESUMO
PURPOSE: To correlate the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis with changes in the preoperative prophylaxis over a 20-year period. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with postoperative endophthalmitis from 1990 to 2009 after intraocular surgery performed at the same institution were included. Because of changes in the preoperative prophylaxis during the study period, 3 groups were formed for data analysis: Period 1 (1990 to 1992), no standardized prophylaxis regimen; period 2 (1993 to 1998), preoperative topical medication, povidone-iodine 10.0% periorbitally, and 1 drop of povidone-iodine 1.0% in the conjunctiva sac; and period 3 (1999 to 2009), similar to period 2 except with irrigation of the conjunctival sac with 10 mL of povidone-iodine 1.0%. RESULTS: The overall rate of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.113% (77/68,323) for all intraocular surgeries. It decreased significantly from 0.291% (16/5505) in period 1 to 0.170% (33/19,413) in period 2 to 0.065% (28/43,405) in period 3 (P < .001). In cataract surgery, the overall rate of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.125% (30/24,034). It decreased in each subsequent period, from 0.338% (9/2662) in period 1 to 0.224% (15/6696) in period 2 to 0.041% (6/14,676) in period 3 (P < .001). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most commonly isolated organism (47.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of postoperative endophthalmitis decreased over a 20-year period at a single academic institution. Although multiple factors might have contributed to this decline, implementation of a preoperative prophylaxis protocol using copious povidone-iodine might have been the most important contributor. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.