Septic Arthritis due to Sneathia Sanguinegens in a Male. First Case Described in the Scientific Literature. / Artritis séptica por Sneathia sanguinegens en un varón. Primer caso descrito en la literatura científica.

An 88-year-old male admitted with septic shoulder arthritis due to a gram-negative bacillus. The microorganism is identified by sequencing the 16 S rDNA gene as Sneathia sanguinegens. This is the first case described in the literature in a male, since so far only infections in women of childbearing age have been described.

Descriptive epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in a high-incidence area over an 8-year period, 2006-2013. EDICS project. / Epidemiología descriptiva de infección por Yersinia enterocolitica en un área de alta incidencia durante 8 años, 2006-2013. Proyecto EDICS.

Descriptive epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in an area of Castellón (Spain) between 2006 and 2013 from Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated in the area and confirmed by the Spanish national reference laboratory. There were a total of 144 cases. The estimated incidence was 9.7 cases per 105 person-year. The age group most affected was 0-4 years (rate 110.3 per 105 p-y), with a maximum in infants aged 6 to 11 months of age (190.4 per 105 p-y). The average duration of the disease was 15.5 days. 7% of the patients were hospitalised. Only 2 outbreaks of a family nature related to the consumption of pork were detected. The temporal evolution reflects higher incidence during the winter season (January). The most common exposure factor among the cases was the consumption of dried pork sausage (50% of the cases interviewed). The 58 typed strains were all of the biotype 4, serotype O:3, except one O:9. We distinguished 21 pulsotypes grouped in 8 clusters with a similarity of 97%. Over a number of years, a substitution of some pulsotypes for others was observed. Yersiniosis has a high incidence in our area, with a clear seasonality of winter predominance. It affects very young children, in particular. The strains are of the same serotype, but the variety of pulsotypes changed over time. As an exposure factor for further analytical studies, the consumption of some pork products is proposed, without ruling out other factors.

Comparison of sporadic cases of Salmonella Typhimurium with other Salmonella serotypes in Castellon (Spain): case-case study.

INTRODUCTION: Salmonella infections (SI) are common in Spain. The aim of this study was to appraise risk factors and the clinical characteristics of sporadic Salmonella Typhimurium infections compared with other sporadic salmonella serotype infections (OSI). METHODS: From September 2014 to August 2015, a case-case study was carried out by the Epidemiology Division of the Public Health Centre of Castellon. Case 1 consisted of patients with sporadic S. Typhimurium infections, while case 2 comprised OSI patients, assessed according to the stool cultures analyzed by the Microbiology Laboratories of Hospital General de Castellon and Hospital de La Plana in Vila-real. Patients from detected outbreaks were not included. The salmonella serotype was identified by the National Centre of Microbiology (Madrid). RESULTS: The total number of SI patients reported was 327, 242 of whom were studied (74.0%). 148 patients had sporadic S. Typhimurium infection and 64 had OSI, with median ages of 4 and 8.5 years, respectively. Sporadic S. Typhimurium infection patients presented more blood in feces and diarrhea episodes. Consumption of pork meat (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.12-4.43), cold pork meats (OR=2.49; 95% CI 1.32-4.68) and playing in the dirt (OR=3.02; 95% CI 1.55-5.88), were associated with sporadic S. Typhimurium infection. In the 0-4 year-old group, the associated factors were consumption of cold pork meats, omelets and female gender. In the 5-year-old and over group, only playing in soil was associated with sporadic S. Typhimurium infection. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of pork and omelets, as well as playing in the dirt, were the main factors associated with infection. Children were most affected by sporadic S. Typhimurium infection.

An outbreak of monophasic and biphasic Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Derby associated with the consumption of dried pork sausage in Castellon (Spain).

An outbreak of S.Typhimurium occurred in several towns and cities in the province of Castellon (Spain) between 23 February and 27 May 2011. On April 5, the microbiology laboratory of a hospital in Castellon alerted the health authorities to the increase in S.Typhimurium isolated in fecal culture of children with gastroenteritis. The serotype and phage-type of 83 positive cases of S.Typhimurium isolated in these period included 49 monophasic/biphasic S.Typhimurium phage type 138, phage type 193, S.Derby, and 34 other S.Typhimurium phage-types. The median of age of patients was 4 years with a range of 0.6-80 years, and the 18% of patients were hospitalised. Two incident matched case-control studies were carried out; the first with S.Typhimurium phage type 138, 193, and S.Derby cases and the second with the other cases. The two studies found that the consumption of brand X dried pork sausage, purchased in a supermarket chain A, was associated with the disease (matched Odds Ratio [mOR]=13.74 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 4.84-39.06 and mOR=8.20 95% CI 2.32-28.89), respectively). S.Typhimurium phage type 193 and S.Derby were isolated in the food taken from the household of two patients and from the supermarket chain's A central warehouse. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis study confirmed the similarity of the strains from the patients and the food. On May 25 2011, a national food alert led to the withdrawal of the food from the chain A and the outbreak ended.

[Outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis in geriatric homes: threshold detection system for prevalence (SiDUP)]. / Brotes de gastroenteritis aguda vírica en residencias de ancianos: Sistema de detección por umbral de prevalencia (SiDUP).

We describe the interventions carried out in a local epidemiology unit related to the epidemiology of gastroenteritis due to norovirus in geriatric homes in Castellón (Spain) during several years. These range from various outbreaks in the same geriatric home to the study of sporadic cases which determine the endemic situation. This study focuses on the analysis of this endemic situation of digestive symptoms in silent epidemic periods and proposes a simple method to detect the initiation of GEA of progressive transmission (person-person) which we call System of Detection by Prevalence Threshold (SiDUP). The epidemiological spectrum of gastroenteritis due to norovirus in geriatric homes is discussed.