Comparison of antiphenolic glycolipid-1 antibody levels in seropositive contacts of leprosy after 2 years of single-dose rifampicin as postexposure prophylaxis.

Background: Leprosy is still a global problem, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Ineffective prevention of leprosy leads to active transmission of the disease. World Health Organization (WHO) recommend post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with single dose of rifampicin (SDR) for leprosy patients. Previous study showed protective effect of SDR against leprosy, especially for the first 2 years. Hence, the use of PEP and IgM anti PGL-1 examination are required to suspend the chain of leprosy transmission. This study evaluated the effectiveness of SDR administration by comparing IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody levels in seropositive household contacts before and after 2 years of SDR administration. Methods: Analytical observational laboratory study comparing IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels before and after 2 years of SDR administration in leprosy contacts, with a prospective follow-up study design. We conducted this study from December 2022 to January 2023 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. All seropositive household contacts of leprosy who had been administrated SDR 2 years ago were included, then PGL-1 antibody levels were examined. Results: The use of SDR showed significant improvement in leprosy contacts after 2 years (P=0.000). The median antibody level before SDR administration was 1,209.20 (615.81 - 4,353.60), which decrease to 146.03 (0 - 2,487.80) U/mL after 2 years. There was statistically significant relationship between history of BCG vaccination (P=0.003) and IgM PGL-1 antibody levels after 2 years of SDR administration. Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels among leprosy contacts after 2 years of SDR chemoprophylaxis administration.

Correlation between Antimicrobial Resistant Propionibacterium acnes and Severity of Acne Vulgaris: Findings from a Tertiary Hospital.

The study of antimicrobial-resistant Propionibacterium acnes was not conducted regularly, especially in Indonesia. Conversely, regular monitoring of antibiotic efficacy through in vitro testing to assess the evolution of current resistance patterns is obligated; thus, filling the gap caused by a lack of appropriate antibiotic surveillance is required. Analyse the correlation between resistance patterns of P. acnes to doxycycline, clindamycin, erythromycin and azithromycin with the severity of acne vulgaris. This is an analytic observational laboratory study with a cross-sectional design of mild to severe acne vulgaris (AV) patients. Specimens were obtained from comedones of 71 patients, which were cultured and identified using biochemical examination. Antimicrobial resistance (doxycycline, clindamycin, erythromycin and azithromycin) to P. acnes was tested by disc diffusion method. Among 71 samples collected, 40 (56.3%) P. acnes isolates were cultured and identified. The incidence of P. acnes resistance to more than one antimicrobial was 45%. Antimicrobial resistances were clindamycin 42.5%, erythromycin 40%, azithromycin 23.5% and doxycycline 12.5%, respectively. According to the contingency coefficient test, there was moderate correlation between the resistance pattern of P. acnes to clindamycin (r = 0.485, P = <0.001) and doxycycline (r = 0.433, P = 0.002) and AV severity. There was weak correlation between the resistance pattern of P. acnes to erythromycin (r = 0.333; P = 0.025) and azithromycin (r = 0.321; P = 0.032) and AV severity. In conclusion, there is a correlation between the pattern of P. acnes resistance to doxycycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin and severity of AV.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Topical Nicotinamide Plus Antibacterial Adhesive Agents and Zinc-Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid Versus Placebo as an Adjuvant Treatment for Moderate Acne Vulgaris in Indonesia: A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the efficacy and tolerability of nicotinamide cream plus an antibacterial adhesive agent and zinc-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid compared to placebo in patients with moderate acne vulgaris (MAV) in Indonesia. METHODS: This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study conducted in five teaching hospitals in Indonesia from August 2016 to January 2017. Eligible participants included 140 patients with MAV, aged 12 to 50 years, who were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups to receive either adapalene and the study formulation or adapalene and a placebo cream twice daily for six weeks. Clinical response and treatment efficacy were assessed through acne lesion counts, presence of side effects, and patient satisfaction at the second, fourth, and sixth weeks after the first visit. RESULTS: A total of 140 subjects from five different centers (28 subjects in each center) were enrolled. One hundred twenty-seven subjects completed the study, including 63 subjects in the study group and 64 subjects in the placebo group. A significant decrease in the number of noninflammatory lesions in the second week was noted in the study group compared to in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in adverse effects between the two groups in the second and fourth weeks. CONCLUSION: Treatment using nicotinamide plus an antibacterial adhesive agent and zinc-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid was effective in reducing noninflammatory lesions by the second week of therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT0326298.