Biomechanical investigation of 'figure of 8' flexor tendon repair techniques.

This biomechanical study compared the original Al-Qattan repair with other modifications postulated to reduce bulk and friction, thereby potentially improving outcome. A total of 32 cadaveric digits with intact flexor apparatus were used. In each digit, the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis tendons were cut cleanly in Zone 2. We tested Al-Qattan's technique along with three modifications using stronger suture material and varying the number of strands across the repair site. Of the four repair techniques, the modified Al-Qattan's technique using two 'figure of 8' 4-0 Fiberwire core sutures (Group 4) had the best balance of ultimate tensile strength (50.9 N), 2 mm gapping force (38 N) and friction. The modified technique provided a stronger repair for early active mobilization and has less friction than the originally described repair.

Self-reported outcome following anterior transposition of ulnar nerve in the elderly.

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb. This condition can result in significant sensory disturbances and motor deficits in the distribution of the ulnar nerve. Surgical management of cubital tunnel syndrome is indicated when non-operative measures fail. However, in the elderly population, there may be a tendency to avoid surgery as nerve healing has been found to be poor. In our study, we reviewed the results of anterior transposition of ulnar nerve in patients 60 years of age and older. Our results were based on a self-reported outcome at a minimum of one year after surgery - 94.7% of our surgeries resulted in some improvement in symptoms experienced by the patients while there was an overall satisfaction rate of 83.3%. Based on our results, we recommend ulnar nerve transposition in the management of cubital tunnel syndrome in this group of patients if non-operative measures fail.

Severe upper limb complications from parenteral abuse of Subutex.

INTRODUCTION: Subutex is a sublingual formulation of buprenorphine that is used to treat opioid dependency. It may be abused parenterally with disastrous consequences. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present 4 cases of parenteral abuse of Subutex resulting in severe upper limb complications. TREATMENT: Two vascular complications were treated with combinations of anticoagulants, vasodilators, brachial plexus bock and iloprostol. One severe hand abscess required surgical debridement, and 1 median nerve injury required neurolysis. OUTCOME: All patients had a poor outcome. Both patients with vascular complications required multiple amputations, the patient with a thenar abscess had severely impaired thumb function, and the patient with median nerve injury has ongoing neuralgic pain, numbness and thenar weakness. CONCLUSION: The incidence of complications of parenteral abuse of Subutex is increasing in Singapore. These complications have a poor outcome despite adequate management, and are best prevented by education or legal means.

Anatomic reconstruction of the distal radioulnar ligaments: long-term results.

Chronic post-traumatic dynamic distal radioulnar joint instability following rupture of the distal radioulnar ligaments may cause disabling and progressive ulnar-sided wrist symptoms. We use a free tendon graft to anatomically reconstruct both dorsal and palmar distal radioulnar ligaments simultaneously. Nine patients who underwent this procedure between 1990 and 1997 were assessed using a modified Mayo Wrist Score. Following surgery, average wrist scores improved from 66 (95% CI, +/-3.0) to 92 (95% CI, 92+/-6.9) and were maintained in the long term (average score, 87 at 9 years). Joint stability was restored and maintained in seven of the nine patients, but two developed recurrent instability. Pain, grip strength and function were better following surgery in the short and long term. Range of supination and pronation decreased slightly from an average of 169 degrees pre-operatively to 155 degrees (90% of normal) in the long term. Long-term radiographs show no distal radioulnar or ulnocarpal joint osteoarthritis.