The anticancer mechanisms of exopolysaccharide from Weissella cibaria D-2 on colorectal cancer via apoptosis induction.

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Weissella cibaria has been devoted to the study of food industry. However, the anticancer activity of W. cibaria derived EPS has not yet been investigated. In this study, we obtained the EPS from W. cibaria D-2 isolated from the feces of healthy infants and found that D-2-EPS, a homopolysaccharide with porous web like structure, could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and induce cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In HT-29 tumor xenografts, D-2-EPS significantly retarded tumor growth without obvious cytotoxicity to normal organs. Furthermore, we revealed that D-2-EPS promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells by increasing the levels of Fas, FasL and activating Caspase-8/Caspase-3, indicating that D-2-EPS might induce apoptosis through the extrinsic Fas/FasL pathway. Taken together, the D-2-EPS has the potential to be developed as a nutraceutical or drug to prevent and treat colorectal cancer.

Exopolysaccharide from Weissella confusa J4-1 inhibits colorectal cancer via induction of cell cycle arrest.

Exopolysaccharide (EPS), a bioproduct of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has various health-promoting biological activities that may be beneficial for cancer therapy. This in vivo and in vitro study aimed to elucidate the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) capacity of a homopolysaccharide EPS obtained from Weissella confusa J4-1 (EPSJ4-1) isolated from the faeces of healthy infants. We confirmed that EPSJ4-1 contained glucose and effectively suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. EPSJ4-1 treatment significantly retarded the growth of HT-29 tumour xenografts without causing cytotoxicity to normal organs. EPSJ4-1 exerts an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in CRC cells. Furthermore, EPSJ4-1 upregulated p21 levels and downregulated mutant p53 and cyclin kinase 2 levels. This is the first study to demonstrate the antitumour effects of EPS from W. confusa on CRC via cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell migration and invasion, suggesting that EPSJ4-1 has the potential to be developed as a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical drug to prevent and treat CRC.

125I inhibited the NSCLC both in vivo and in vitro.

Lung cancer is the main reason of cancer-linked death all over the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients always have an extremely poor prognosis. It is urgent to find novel treating methods. It was previously showed that 125I brachytherapy had been applied to the lung cancer treatment. However, fundamental researches are limited. In the present study, we first explored the mechanism by which 125I radiation induced arrest or apoptosis of the cell cycle and relevant protein expression. Furthermore, we explored its effect on the invasion. We found that 125I significantly induced cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway, triggered S phase arrest via regulating cyclinA2, p21 and CDK6 expressions. Meanwhile, 125I could inhibit invasion of NSCLC cells by altering the expression level of vimentin, N-cadherin and MMP-9. Furthermore, we confirmed the effects of 125I on NSCLC cell growth in vivo. The results indicated that 125I obviously inhibited the tumor growth. Thus, we determined that 125I brachytherapy remarkably restrained NSCLC cellular growth and intrusion by inducing apoptosis, S phase arrest and corresponding protein expression.

Impact of target area selection in 125 Iodine seed brachytherapy on locoregional recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous implantation of 125 Iodine radioactive seeds requires the precise arrangement of seeds by tumor shape. We tested whether selecting target areas, including subclinical areas around tumors, can influence locoregional recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHOD: We divided 82 patients with NSCLC into two groups. Target areas in group 1 (n = 40) were defined along tumor margins based on lung-window CT. Target areas in group 2 (n = 42) were extended by 0.5 cm in all dimensions outside tumor margins. Preoperative plans for both groups were based on a treatment plan system, which guided 125 I seed implantation. Six months later, patients underwent chest CT to evaluate treatment efficacy (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1). We compared locoregional recurrences between the groups after a year of follow-up. We then used the treatment plan system to extend target areas for group 1 patients by 0.5 cm (defined as group 3 data) and compared these hypothetical group 3 planned seeds with the actual seed numbers used in group 1 patients. RESULTS: All patients successfully underwent implantation; none died during the follow-up period. Recurrence was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 ( P < 0.05). Group 1 patients and group 3 data significantly differed in seed numbers ( P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results imply that extending the implantation area for 125 I seeds can decrease recurrence risk by eradicating cancerous lymph-duct blockades within the extended areas.

Effectiveness and safety of CT-guided (125)I seed brachytherapy for postoperative locoregional recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CT-guided (125)I seed brachytherapy (CTISB) in 38 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with locoregional recurrence (LRR). METHODS AND MATERIALS: In total, we analyzed 38 NSCLC patients with LRR treated with percutaneous CTISB in our hospital between 2001 and 2008; among them, 15 also received combined chemotherapy: 1-6 cycles (median, 2) of platinum-based regimens. The change in tumor volume was evaluated based on followup contrast material-enhanced CT or positron emission tomography scans. RESULTS: The median Day 0 dosimetry was as follows: The volume treated with the prescription dose (V100) was 96.3% (90.1-123.5%), and the minimum dose received by at least 90% of the tumor volume (D90) was 124.8 Gy (116.0-130.7 Gy). The median duration of the followup period calculated from the first CTISB treatment was 22.5 months (range, 8-98 months). Two months after CTISB, complete response, partial response, and progressive disease were observed in 50%, 37%, and 8% of patients, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) after CTISB was 21 months (95% confidence interval, 7.4-34.6), and the rates of 2-year OS, progression-free survival, and local control were 47.4%, 39.5%, and 83.5%, respectively. Both univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that D90 was significant prognostic factors for OS and progression-free survival. CONCLUSION: For selected NSCLC patients with limited LRR, CTISB is effective and can provide a high rate of local cancer control with minimal trauma.

[Study on the prevalence of mental diseases in Shaoxing city between 1991 and 2001].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of mental disorders and services for people with mental health problems in Shaoxing city between 1991 and 2001 in order to provide scientific bases for prevention and treatment. METHODS: A population size of 339 651 were investigated in the urban and rural areas with "Psychosis Index Investigate Schedule" plus visit to their homes. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rates of mental disorders were 10.17 per thousand and 13.85 per thousand and the point prevalence rates of mental disorder were 9.15 per thousand and 12.77 per thousand, respectively in 1991 and 2001. The point prevalence rates in the population aged 15 years and above were 11.70 per thousand and 14.60 per thousand. Prevalence rates of neurosis and alcohol dependence and drug dependence increased significantly from 1991 and 2001. The anterior three mental disorders were neurosis, schizophrenia and dementia in all mental disorders. Situation was better in the city than in the rural areas in terms of receiving care for mental disorder, their work ability, economy condition and gardianship. CONCLUSION: There was an increase of prevalence on mental disorder in Shaoxing city during the ten-year period. The increase in the prevalence of mental disorder was related to local economy, socialization and culture.