Fulfilling moral duty or prioritizing moral image? The moral self-regulatory consequences of ethical voice.

Previous research on the consequences of ethical voice has largely focused on the performance or social relational consequences of ethical voice on multiple organizational stakeholders. The present research provides an important extension to the ethical voice literature by investigating the distinct intrapersonal and interpersonal moral self-regulatory processes that shape ethical voicers' own psychological experiences and their subsequent purposeful efforts to maintain a positive sense of moral self. On one hand, we argue that ethical voice heightens voicers' sense of responsibility over ethical matters at work (i.e., moral ownership), which motivates them to refrain from violating moral norms (i.e., disengaging from unethical behaviors). On the contrary, we argue that ethical voice generates psychological pressure for voicers as they become anxious about preserving their moral social image (i.e., moral reputation maintenance concerns), which motivates them to signal their moral character to others through symbolic acts (i.e., engaging in moral symbolization behaviors). Further, we expect gender differences in the moral consequences of ethical voice. Across two studies that varied in temporal focus (a multisource, time-lagged field study and a within-person weekly experience sampling study), we found support for most of our predictions. The results suggest that while potentially psychologically uplifting (for both men and women), ethical voice also generates psychological pressure for the voicer to preserve their favorable moral social image and thus motivates them (more so in the case of women voicers at the between-person level) to explicitly symbolize their moral character in the workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Clinical outcome of window partial laryngectomy for stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the operative impact and therapeutic value of window partial laryngectomy for the treatment of stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: From October 2000 to December 2006, window partial laryngectomy and laryngeal reconstruction were performed on 48 appropriately selected patients with stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinomas. Twenty-nine males and 19 females were included. Before the operation and in the sixth month after the operation, degree of hoarseness, vocal fold mobility and symmetry, glottal width during quiet breathing, degree of glottal closure during phonating, respiratory function, and swallowing function were surveyed. In addition, tumor recurrence and metastasis and patient survival time were monitored. RESULTS: With the exception of vocal fold mobility (P=0.343), there were significant differences between the two treatment groups in all areas that were investigated, including degree of hoarseness (all P<0.01), vocal fold symmetry (P=0.000), glottal width during quiet breathing (P=0.001), degree of glottal closure during phonating (P=0.001), and respiratory function (P=0.001). Swallowing function was not influenced (P=0.310). There was recurrence in one case (2.1%), cervical lymph node metastasis in one case, and hepatic metastasis in one case. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 96.9% and 88.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that window partial laryngectomy was successful for treating properly selected stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma. This operation was effective for reducing surgical invasion and facilitated the resumption of respiratory and vocal function.

[Clinical analysis on 28 cases of head-neck malignant fibrous histiocytoma].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical feature and treatment of head-neck malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). METHOD: A retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 28 cases of MFH were carried out, of which 9 were in the maxilla, 3 in the nasal cavity, 5 in the larynx, 3 in the parotid, 3 in the temporal bone, 1 in the hypothyroid, and 4 in the head and neck region. All of the cases underwent immune histochemistry: 4 cases of surgery alone, 23 cases of surgery followed by radiotherapy, and 1 case of radiotherapy alone. RESULT: Except 5 cases lost follow-up after 1 year, all the other cases were followed-up over 3 years, the survival rate for 1 or 3 years was respectively 96.4% (27/28) and 57.1% (16/28); 23 cases were followed up for 5 years, the survival rate was 26.1% (6/23). The recurrent rate in 3 years was 60.7% (17/28), with 1 to 7 times recurrence at a mean interval of 5.6 months. Twelve recurrent cases were adopted expanded resection of non-defined operation except 1 case with radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of MFH depends on the technology of immune histochemistry. Early diagnosis, expanded resection, and integrated therapy could reduce the recurrence and increase the survival rate; the recurrence could adopt expanded resection of non-defined operation to prolong the life.

[Window partial laryngectomy for the treatment of stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the operative effect and value of window partial laryngectomy for the treatment of stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: From Oct. 2000 to Dec. 2006, the stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma of 48 patients by properly selected were performed with window partial laryngectomy and laryngeal reconstruction. Twenty nine males and 19 females were included. Their ages ranged from 43 to 78 years (median 57.0 years). Before operation and in the 6 months after operation, these targets including auditory mental evaluation of hoarse degree, active degree and symmetry of vocal cord, glottic width in the time of quiet breathing, glottic closing degree in the time of phonating, respiratory function and swallowing function were surveyed. In addition, the things of recurrence and metastasis of tumors together with survival time of patients were following investigated. RESULTS: All patients were decannulated successfully and incisions were healed smoothly. No operative complication occurred. Except active degree of vocal cord (P = 0.343), there were respectively significant difference between two group targets of auditory mental evaluation of hoarse degree (all P <0.01), symmetry of vocal cord (P = 0.000), glottic width in the time of quiet breathing (P = 0. 001), glottic closing degree in the time of phonating (P = 0.001) and respiratory function (P=0.001) those were investigated before operation and after operation. The swallowing function wasn't influenced (P= 0.310). There were laryngostenosis in 1 case, recurrence in 1 case (2.1%), cervical lymph node metastasis in 1 case and hepatic metastasis in 1 case. Two cases died. 3-year and 5-year overall survival rate were respectively 96.9% and 88.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that window partial laryngectomy was successful for treating stage T2-3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma by properly selected. This operation was effective for reducing surgical invasion and beneficial to resume respiratory and vocal function.

[Diagnosis and treatment of serious adult airway obstruction].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of serious adult airway obstruction. METHOD: Eighty six adult cases admitted to our hospital for serious airway obstruction from 1995 to 2006, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Among the 86 cases, 34 cases (39.5%) had inflammatory diseases, 32 cases (37.2%) had neoplastic diseases and 9 cases (10.5%) had traumatic diseases. In addition, 3 cases of laryngeal spasm, 6 cases of laryngeal stricture, 2 cases of bilateral laryngeal paralysis and 1 case of asphyxia with aspiration were also include in this study. The patients who had laryngeal or tracheal obstruction were 60 cases (69.8%) and 13 cases (15.1%). In addition, 46 cases (53.5%) and 4 cases (4.7%) had tracheotomy or endotracheal intubation. Twenty six cases were only adopted medical treatment to relieve dyspnea. The final diagnosis of the 86 cases was made and the serious airway obstruction was was relieved within 2 hours. While 14 cases (16.3%) had serious complications and 6 cases (6.9%) had operative complications occurred. One cases (0.2%) died. CONCLUSION: The causes of serious adult airway obstruction could be complicated, the site and character of obstruction would change constantly. Quick diagnosis, timely removal of the obstruction should be critical factors to improve curative effect.

[Resection of invasive head and neck neoplasms involving skull base].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the operative methods of invasive head and neck neoplasms involving skull base. METHOD: Thirty-two cases with invasive head and neck neoplasms involving anterior and lateral skull base, from 1997 to 2005, were treated with surgical resection. Nine surgical approaches including endoscopic transnasal approach for five cases, combined craniofacial approach for three cases, maxillary resection approach for 15 cases, transpalatal approach for one case, transmandibular approach for one case, lateral neck-mandibular incision approach for two cases, combined retroauricular and neck approach for one case, frontotemporal approach for two cases, and facial translocation approach for two cases were used to resect the tumors. RESULT: Four cases with nasal sinus mucocele were only applied drainage and one case with chordoma was subtotally resected. The tumors of the rest 27 cases were totally removed. Although one case complicated with cerebrospinal fluid leak and recovered within one week, no one died from the operation and no serious cranium-cerebrum complication occurred. Eight cases with benign tumor were followed up for six months to eight years without recurrence and no one died. For 24 cases with malignant tumor, survival rates of three and five years were 63.2% (12/19), 41.7% (5/12) respectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical approach must be designed according to the pathological change's characters, site and invasive range. Favorable curative effect could be achieved by resecting tumors totally as possible, protecting important constitutions, and adopting proper reparative techniques.

[Diagnosis and treatment of serious pediatric airway obstruction].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of serious pediatric airway obstruction. METHODS: Seventy three pediatric cases with serious airway obstruction, admitted to Shantou hospital from 1995 to 2005, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 73 cases, 28 cases (38.4%) with inflammatory disease and 33 cases (45.2%) with foreign body. In addition, 8 cases of laryngeal papilloma, 3 cases of laryngotracheobronchial spasm and 1 case of pharyngeal dysembryoma were also included in this study. The patients who had endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy were 39 cases (53.4%) and 27 cases (36.9%) respectively. Ten cases received non-surgery treatment. Seventy two cases diagnosis was confirmed and the related serious airway obstruction condition got stable within 12 hours. While serious complications occurred in 23 cases (31.5%) and operative complications occurred in 3 cases (4.1%). Four cases ( 5.5%) died and 68 cases (93.2%) were cured. One case refused to be treated. CONCLUSIONS: The condition of serious pediatric airway obstruction patients is usually critical, the related causes could be complicated, quick diagnosis and timely removal of the obstruction factors are imperative.

[Clinical analysis of primary head and neck non-Hodgkin's ].

OBJECTIVE: To research the clinical features of primary head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoms (NHL). METHOD: 62 patients with primary head and neck NHL were analyzed in the positions of focuses, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment. RESULT: Tonsilla palatina(25.8%), cervical lymphonodi (19.4%), nasal cavity and nasal sinuses(12.9%) were the common place of the origin of NHL which had various clinical manifestations. High-grade malignant lymphomas represented 75.8% of these cases whose I E stage and II E stage were 38.7% and 24.2% respectively. The complete response, partial response, and response rate were 75.8%, 14.5%, and 90.3%, respectively. Some patients had been long-term survival without tumor. CONCLUSION: Head and neck NHL is generally high degree malignancy. It often originates from outside lymph node and easily metastasizes to lymph node. Accurate surgical biopsy linking immunohistochemical test will be advantageous to make a definite diagnosis. Combining Chemotherapy and radiotherapy or operation should be put into practice to improve prognosis.