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1.
Org Biomol Chem ; 22(17): 3453-3458, 2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38596838

RESUMO

A brand-new procedure for the synthesis of 3-alkynylated 3,3-disubstituted isoindolinones has been disclosed via a HOTf or Fe(OTf)3-catalyzed dehydrative alkynylation of 3-hydroxyisoindolinones with terminal alkynes. Aryl, alkenyl and alkyl terminal alkynes are suitable to couple with a broad range of 3-hydroxyisoindolinones to afford the desired products in moderate to good yields. This protocol features the use of an inexpensive catalyst, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and easy elaboration of the products.

2.
Polymers (Basel) ; 16(3)2024 Jan 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38337233

RESUMO

Chitosan is a linear polyelectrolyte with active hydroxyl and amino groups that can be made into chitosan-based hydrogels by different cross-linking methods. Chitosan-based hydrogels also have a three-dimensional network of hydrogels, which can accommodate a large number of aqueous solvents and biofluids. CS, as an ideal drug-carrying material, can effectively encapsulate and protect drugs and has the advantages of being nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These advantages make it an ideal material for the preparation of functional hydrogels that can act as wound dressings for skin injuries. This review reports the role of chitosan-based hydrogels in promoting skin repair in the context of the mechanisms involved in skin injury repair. Chitosan-based hydrogels were found to promote skin repair at different process stages. Various functional chitosan-based hydrogels are also discussed.

3.
Phytochemistry ; 218: 113932, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38056516

RESUMO

Twenty-six clerodane diterpenoids have been isolated from T. sagittata, a plant species of traditional Chinese medicine Radix Tinosporae, also named as "Jin Guo Lan". Among them, there are eight previously undescribed clerodane diterpenoids (tinotanoids A-H: 1-8), and 18 known diterpenoids (9-26). The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 5, 8, 13, 17 and 20 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is the first example of rotameric clerodane diterpenoid with a γ-lactone ring which is constructed between C-11 and C-17; meanwhile, compounds 3 and 4 are two pairs of inseparable epimers. Compounds 2, 12 and 17 demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity on NO production against LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 9.56 ± 0.69, 9.11 ± 0.53 and 11.12 ± 0.70 µM, respectively. These activities were significantly higher than that of the positive control minocycline (IC50 = 23.57 ± 0.92 µM). Moreover, compounds 2, 12 and 17 dramatically reduced the LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Compounds 2 and 12 significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 that were increased by LPS stimulation.


Assuntos
Diterpenos Clerodânicos , Menispermaceae , Tinospora , Diterpenos Clerodânicos/farmacologia , Diterpenos Clerodânicos/química , Tinospora/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Estrutura Molecular
4.
Org Biomol Chem ; 21(45): 9076-9081, 2023 Nov 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37941412

RESUMO

A Hg(OTf)2-catalyzed tandem phospha-Michael addition/cyclization/dehydration of 2-hydroxychalcones with H-phosphine oxides is presented. This protocol provides a new and supplementary approach for the preparation of 4-phosphorylated 4H-chromenes in good yields (up to 99%). In addition, this domino reaction allows the successful construction of two new C-P and C-O bonds in a one-pot operation.

5.
Stroke Vasc Neurol ; 2023 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37949481

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) and cerebral microbleed (CMB) have distinct effects on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We aim to investigate the combined effect of cSS and CMB on outcomes after ICH. METHODS: Based on a single-centre stroke registry database, patients with spontaneous ICH who had CT scan within 48 hours after ictus and MRI subsequently were identified. Eligible patients were divided into four groups (cSS-CMB-, cSS-CMB+, cSS+CMB-, cSS+CMB+) according to cSS and CMB on susceptibility-weighted image of MRI. Primary outcomes were haematoma volume on admission and unfavourable outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale scores ≥3 at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were all-cause death, recurrence of stroke and ICH during follow-up (median follow-up 2.0 years, IQR 1.0-3.0 years). RESULTS: A total of 673 patients were identified from 1044 patients with spontaneous ICH. 131 (19.5%) had cSS and 468 (69.5%) had CMB. Patients with cSS+CMB+ had the highest rate of poor outcome at 3 months, as well as all-cause death, recurrent stroke and ICH during follow-up. In cSS- patients, CMB was associated with smaller haematoma (ß -0.13; 95% CI -0.22 to -0.03; p=0.009), but it still increased risks of recurrent ICH (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 15.6; p=0.015) and stroke (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.0 to 4.0; p=0.049). These effects of CMB became unremarkable in the context of cSS+. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with different combinations of cSS and CMB have distinct patterns of short-term and long-term outcomes. Although CMB is related to restrained haematoma, it does not improve long-term outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04803292.

6.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 20707, 2023 11 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38001150

RESUMO

Automated accounts on social media that impersonate real users, often called "social bots," have received a great deal of attention from academia and the public. Here we present experiments designed to investigate public perceptions and policy preferences about social bots, in particular how they are affected by exposure to bots. We find that before exposure, participants have some biases: they tend to overestimate the prevalence of bots and see others as more vulnerable to bot influence than themselves. These biases are amplified after bot exposure. Furthermore, exposure tends to impair judgment of bot-recognition self-efficacy and increase propensity toward stricter bot-regulation policies among participants. Decreased self-efficacy and increased perceptions of bot influence on others are significantly associated with these policy preference changes. We discuss the relationship between perceptions about social bots and growing dissatisfaction with the polluted social media environment.


Assuntos
Mídias Sociais , Software , Humanos , Políticas , Viés , Prevalência
7.
Front Neurol ; 14: 1122744, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37213900

RESUMO

Background: Previous studies have shown that cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) can increase hematoma volume and predict poor outcomes following primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Objective: We aimed to determine whether a large hematoma volume was the essential factor contributing to worse outcomes of cSS. Methods: Patients with spontaneous ICH underwent a CT scan within 48 h after ictus. Evaluation of cSS was performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 7 days. The 90-day outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). In addition, we investigated the correlation between cSS, hematoma volume, and 90-day outcomes using multivariate regression and mediation analyses. Results: Among the 673 patients with ICH [mean (SD) age, 61 (13) years; 237 female subjects (35.2%); median (IQR) hematoma volume, 9.0 (3.0-17.6) ml], 131 (19.5%) had cSS. There was an association between cSS and larger hematoma volume (ß = 4.449, 95% CI 1.890-7.009, p < 0.001) independent of hematoma location and was also related to worse 90-day mRS (ß = 0.333, 95% CI 0.008-0.659, p = 0.045) in multivariable regression. In addition, mediation analyses revealed that hematoma volume was an essential factor mediating the effect of cSS on unfavorable 90-day outcomes (proportion mediated:66.04%, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Large hematoma volume was the major charge of directing cSS to worse outcomes in patients with mild to moderate ICH, and cSS was related to a larger hematoma in both lobar and non-lobar areas. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04803292, identifier: NCT04803292.

8.
Int Dent J ; 73(4): 542-549, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36997422

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a common human disease with an increasing incidence. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to play a crucial role in the regeneration of periodontal tissue; however, the expression, methylation level, molecular function, and clinical value of BDNF in periodontitis require further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the expression and potential functions of BDNF in periodontitis. METHODS: RNA expression and methylation data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the expression and methylation levels of BDNF were compared between periodontitis and normal tissues. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the downstream molecular functions of BDNF. Finally, Reverse transcription Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the level of BDNF expression in periodontitis and normal tissues. RESULTS: GEO database analysis revealed that BDNF was hypermethylated in periodontitis tissues and that its expression was downregulated. Reverse transcription Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that BDNF expression was downregulated in periodontitis tissues. Several genes that interact with BDNF were determined using a protein-protein interaction network. Functional analysis of BDNF revealed that it was enriched in the Gene Ontology terms cytoplasmic dynein complex, glutathione transferase activity, and glycoside metabolic process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that BDNF was associated with the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and others. Furthermore, the level of BDNF expression was correlated with the immune infiltration degree of B cells and CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study shown that BDNF was hypermethylated and downregulated in periodontitis tissues, which could be a biomarker and treatment target of periodontitis.


Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Periodontite , Humanos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Periodontite/genética , Transdução de Sinais
9.
J Med Internet Res ; 25: e42227, 2023 02 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36735835

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vaccinations play a critical role in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 and other diseases. Past research has linked misinformation to increased hesitancy and lower vaccination rates. Gaps remain in our knowledge about the main drivers of vaccine misinformation on social media and effective ways to intervene. OBJECTIVE: Our longitudinal study had two primary objectives: (1) to investigate the patterns of prevalence and contagion of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on Twitter in 2021, and (2) to identify the main spreaders of vaccine misinformation. Given our initial results, we further considered the likely drivers of misinformation and its spread, providing insights for potential interventions. METHODS: We collected almost 300 million English-language tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines using a list of over 80 relevant keywords over a period of 12 months. We then extracted and labeled news articles at the source level based on third-party lists of low-credibility and mainstream news sources, and measured the prevalence of different kinds of information. We also considered suspicious YouTube videos shared on Twitter. We focused our analysis of vaccine misinformation spreaders on verified and automated Twitter accounts. RESULTS: Our findings showed a relatively low prevalence of low-credibility information compared to the entirety of mainstream news. However, the most popular low-credibility sources had reshare volumes comparable to those of many mainstream sources, and had larger volumes than those of authoritative sources such as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. Throughout the year, we observed an increasing trend in the prevalence of low-credibility news about vaccines. We also observed a considerable amount of suspicious YouTube videos shared on Twitter. Tweets by a small group of approximately 800 "superspreaders" verified by Twitter accounted for approximately 35% of all reshares of misinformation on an average day, with the top superspreader (@RobertKennedyJr) responsible for over 13% of retweets. Finally, low-credibility news and suspicious YouTube videos were more likely to be shared by automated accounts. CONCLUSIONS: The wide spread of misinformation around COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter during 2021 shows that there was an audience for this type of content. Our findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that superspreaders are driven by financial incentives that allow them to profit from health misinformation. Despite high-profile cases of deplatformed misinformation superspreaders, our results show that in 2021, a few individuals still played an outsized role in the spread of low-credibility vaccine content. As a result, social media moderation efforts would be better served by focusing on reducing the online visibility of repeat spreaders of harmful content, especially during public health crises.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Mídias Sociais , Vacinas , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Estudos Longitudinais , Comunicação
10.
Mol Carcinog ; 62(5): 641-651, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36789977

RESUMO

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has emerged as the most prevailing oral malignancy worldwide, characterized by cervical solid lymph node metastasis and strong local invasiveness. Overexpression of Transcription Factor AP-2 alpha (TFAP2A) is observed in a significant proportion of OSCC cases. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of TFAP2A in the progression of OSCC and the related molecular signaling pathways. The role of RELA was predicted using bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA abundances of RELA, TFAP2A, and ß-catenin were assessed by Western blot and quantitative real-timePCR. The relationship between RELA, TFAP2A, and ß-catenin and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC was evaluated. The target of RELA and TFAP2A was identified by the chromatin immunoprecipitation as well as luciferase reporter assay. The colony formation assay and MTS assay were performed to determine the proliferative level of OSCC cells. OSCC cell motility was determined by Transwell assay and wound-healing assay. The protein expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated factors were evaluated by Western blot. The expressions of RELA and TFAP2A were elevated in OSCC, and their expressions displayed a positive correlation. The expression levels of RELA and TFAP2A were found to be associated with TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis of OSCC patients. RELA upregulation promoted OSCC progression, as manifested by increased levels of proliferation, invasion, and migration of OSCC cells. We also demonstrated that RELA was directly bound to the promoter of TFAP2A transcription, which activated multiple malignant and metastatic phenotypes. Furthermore, TFAP2A activated the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling by targeting the promoter regions of ß-catenin. The study found that RELA is critical for promoting the progression of OSCC via the RELA-TFAP2A-Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. The RELA-TFAP2A-Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway is a potential target for reducing the aggressiveness of OSCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias Bucais , Fator de Transcrição RelA , Humanos , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Fator de Transcrição AP-2/genética , Fator de Transcrição AP-2/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição RelA/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Wnt/genética
11.
J Comput Soc Sci ; 5(2): 1511-1528, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36035522

RESUMO

Social bots have become an important component of online social media. Deceptive bots, in particular, can manipulate online discussions of important issues ranging from elections to public health, threatening the constructive exchange of information. Their ubiquity makes them an interesting research subject and requires researchers to properly handle them when conducting studies using social media data. Therefore, it is important for researchers to gain access to bot detection tools that are reliable and easy to use. This paper aims to provide an introductory tutorial of Botometer, a public tool for bot detection on Twitter, for readers who are new to this topic and may not be familiar with programming and machine learning. We introduce how Botometer works, the different ways users can access it, and present a case study as a demonstration. Readers can use the case study code as a template for their own research. We also discuss recommended practice for using Botometer.

12.
PLoS One ; 17(8): e0273569, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36040880

RESUMO

Visiting multiple prescribers is a common method for obtaining prescription opioids for nonmedical use and has played an important role in fueling the United States opioid epidemic, leading to increased drug use disorder and overdose. Recent studies show that centrality of the bipartite network formed by prescription ties between patients and prescribers of opioids is a promising indicator for drug seeking. However, node prominence in bipartite networks is typically estimated with methods that do not fully account for the two-mode topology of the underlying network. Although several algorithms have been proposed recently to address this challenge, it is unclear how these algorithms perform on real-world networks. Here, we compare their performance in the context of identifying opioid drug seeking behaviors by applying them to massive bipartite networks of patients and providers extracted from insurance claims data. We find that two variants of bipartite centrality are significantly better predictors of subsequent opioid overdose than traditional centrality estimates. Moreover, we show that incorporating non-network attributes such as the potency of the opioid prescriptions into the measures can further improve their performance. These findings can be reproduced on different datasets. Our results demonstrate the potential of bipartiteness-aware indices for identifying patterns of high-risk behavior.


Assuntos
Overdose de Drogas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Overdose de Drogas/epidemiologia , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Comportamento de Procura de Droga , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/epidemiologia , Padrões de Prática Médica , Prescrições , Estados Unidos
13.
PeerJ Comput Sci ; 8: e1025, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35875635

RESUMO

Online social media are key platforms for the public to discuss political issues. As a result, researchers have used data from these platforms to analyze public opinions and forecast election results. The literature has shown that due to inauthentic actors such as malicious social bots and trolls, not every message is a genuine expression from a legitimate user. However, the prevalence of inauthentic activities in social data streams is still unclear, making it difficult to gauge biases of analyses based on such data. In this article, we aim to close this gap using Twitter data from the 2018 U.S. midterm elections. We propose an efficient and low-cost method to identify voters on Twitter and systematically compare their behaviors with different random samples of accounts. We find that some accounts flood the public data stream with political content, drowning the voice of the majority of voters. As a result, these hyperactive accounts are over-represented in volume samples. Hyperactive accounts are more likely to exhibit various suspicious behaviors and to share low-credibility information compared to likely voters. Our work provides insights into biased voter characterizations when using social media data to analyze political issues.

14.
Mol Carcinog ; 61(9): 865-875, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35730908

RESUMO

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and common malignancy in the head and neck, characterized by poor prognosis and high incidence. This study aimed to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA TFAP2A-AS1 in OSCC. The competing endogenous RNA network of TFAP2A-AS1 was constructed by bioinformatics analysis. The expressions of miR-1297, TFAP2A-AS1, and TFAP2A were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The correlations of TFAP2A-AS1, miR-1297, and TFAP2A with clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC were assessed. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to identify the target of miR-1297. Cell proliferation was measured by colony formation assay and [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed to assess cell movement. TFAP2A-AS1 and TFAP2A were upregulated in OSCC and their expression levels were positively correlated. The levels of TFAP2A-AS1, miR-1297, and TFAP2A were also associated with lymphatic metastasis and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of OSCC patients. TFAP2A-AS1 acted as a miR-1297 sponge. OSCC cell growth and movement were inhibited by miR-1297. Changes in the miR-1297 expression abolished the effects of TFAP2A-AS1 on OSCC cells. Additionally, TFAP2A was a target of miR-1297. TFAP2A promoted OSCC cell growth and migration/invasion, indicating that TFAP2A mediated the effects of TFAP2A-AS1 and miR-1297. TFAP2A-AS1 exerts an oncogenic effect in OSCC via the TFAP2A-AS1/miR-1297/TFAP2A axis, which may provide new targets and strategies for OSCC treatments.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Bucais , RNA Longo não Codificante , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Fator de Transcrição AP-2/genética , Fator de Transcrição AP-2/metabolismo
15.
BMC Oral Health ; 22(1): 160, 2022 05 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35524329

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common neck and head malignancies, and the prognosis is not good. Studies shown that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TFAP2A-AS1 is involved in the progression of multiple cancers. However, the role of lncRNA TFAP2A-AS1 in OSCC remains unclear. We aimed to explore the functions and expression in OSCC. METHODS: The lncRNA profiles for OSCC patients were acquired from the TCGA. Based on these data, the data mining of TFAP2A-AS1 in patients with OSCC were performed. The functions of TFAP2A-AS1 were determined by bioinformatics analysis. The expression and roles in cell growth were tested by RT-qPCR and MTS assay. Cell invasion and migration were tested by wound healing and transwell assays. RESULTS: The consequences displayed that TFAP2A-AS1 was upregulated in the TCGA datasets. The expression of TFAP2A-AS1 was higher in OSCC samples. Bioinformatics analysis shown that TFAP2A-AS1 might be associated with the P53 signaling pathway. Cell culture experiments indicated that deficiency of TFAP2A-AS1 inhibited cell growth, invasion, and migration, and overexpression of it could opposite results in SCC-25 cells. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that TFAP2A-AS1 was overexpressed in OSCC cells, which could facilitate OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Bucais , RNA Longo não Codificante , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Biologia Computacional , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia
16.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 5966, 2022 04 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35474313

RESUMO

Widespread uptake of vaccines is necessary to achieve herd immunity. However, uptake rates have varied across U.S. states during the first six months of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Misbeliefs may play an important role in vaccine hesitancy, and there is a need to understand relationships between misinformation, beliefs, behaviors, and health outcomes. Here we investigate the extent to which COVID-19 vaccination rates and vaccine hesitancy are associated with levels of online misinformation about vaccines. We also look for evidence of directionality from online misinformation to vaccine hesitancy. We find a negative relationship between misinformation and vaccination uptake rates. Online misinformation is also correlated with vaccine hesitancy rates taken from survey data. Associations between vaccine outcomes and misinformation remain significant when accounting for political as well as demographic and socioeconomic factors. While vaccine hesitancy is strongly associated with Republican vote share, we observe that the effect of online misinformation on hesitancy is strongest across Democratic rather than Republican counties. Granger causality analysis shows evidence for a directional relationship from online misinformation to vaccine hesitancy. Our results support a need for interventions that address misbeliefs, allowing individuals to make better-informed health decisions.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vacinas , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Comunicação , Humanos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Vacinação , Hesitação Vacinal
17.
Org Biomol Chem ; 20(18): 3785-3789, 2022 05 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35438703

RESUMO

The first copper-catalyzed direct dehydrative alkynylation of 2H-chromene hemiketals with terminal alkynes has been uncovered. The use of cheap and readily available CuCl2 as the catalyst allowed the preparation of various 2,2-disubstituted 2-alkynylated 2H-chromenes in moderate to good yields, which compensates for the limitation of the current methods only suited for the synthesis of 2-monosubsituted 2-alkynylated 2H-chromenes.


Assuntos
Alcinos , Cobre , Benzopiranos , Catálise
18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35132271

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) severely affects the quality of life and the 5-year survival rate is low. Exploring the potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and analyzing hub genes and clinical data can provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the pathogenesis of OSCC. METHODS: The miRNA expression datasets of GSE113956 and GSE124566 and mRNA expression datasets of GSE31056, GSE37991 and GSE13601 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and mRNAs (DEGs) were screened using GEO2R. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID database. The PPI network was established through STRING database and the hub genes were preliminarily screened out by Cytoscape software. After identifying the hub genes in the TCGA database, we predicted the potential DEM transcription factors, constructed a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, and analyzed the relationship between the hub genes and clinical data. RESULTS: A total of 28 DEMs and 764 DEGs were screened out, which were composed of 285 up-regulated genes and 479 down-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis showed that up-regulation of DEGs were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix organization and cancer-related pathway, while down-regulation of DEGs were mainly enriched in muscular system process and adrenaline signal transduction. After preliminary screening by PPI network and identification in TCGA, the up-regulated FN1, COL1A1, COL1A2, AURKA, CCNB1, CCNA2, SPP1, CDC6, and down-regulated ACTN2, TTN, IGF1, CAV3, MYL2, DMD, LDB3, CSRP3, ACTA1, PPARG were identified as hub genes. The miRNA-mRNA regulation network showed that hsa-miR-513b was the DEM with the most regulation, and COL1A1 was the DEG with the most regulation. In addition, CDC6, AURKA, CCNB1 and CCNA2 were related to overall survival and tumor differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: The regulatory relationship of hsa-miR-513b/ CDC6, CCNB1, CCNA2 and the regulatory relationship of hsa-miR-342-5p /AURKA were not only verified in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network but also related to overall survival and tumor differentiation. These results indicated that they participated in the cellular regulatory process, and provided a molecular mechanism model for the study of pathogenesis.


Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Bucais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Aurora Quinase A/genética , Aurora Quinase A/metabolismo , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Epinefrina , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , PPAR gama/genética , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Qualidade de Vida , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
19.
J Cancer ; 13(3): 775-783, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35154446

RESUMO

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy in the oral cavity that represents a significant global health problem. Multivariate analysis has shown that long non-coding RNA LINC01296 plays an important role in cancer biology. However, the functions of LINC01296 in OSCC are still unknown. Methods: The RNA profiles and clinicopathological information of OSCC patients and healthy subjects were downloaded. The expression level and prognostic value of LINC01296 were assessed. The functions and pathways of LINC01296were explored using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and functional analysis. The expression of LINC01296 in OSCC tissues and cell lines was determined by RT-qPCR. MTS assay was used to evaluate cell growth. The migration and invasion capacities of cells were assessed by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Results: LINC01296 was overexpressed in the TCGA-OSCC datasets. High LINC01296expression was strongly correlated with poor outcomes of OSCC patients. LINC01296 was overexpressed in OSCC tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues. Moreover, the expression of linc01296 was higher in CAL-27, HSC-2, and SCC-25 cells than in normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs). Functional analysis suggested that LINC01296might be involved in the regulation of the Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, LINC01296 deficiency suppressed the growth, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, whereas overexpression of TFAP2A-AS1 cause opposite results. Conclusion: Our study showed that LINC01296 promoted OSCC cell growth, migration, and invasion, suggesting that LINC01296 might be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.

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