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The metal-catalyzed sulfur reaction in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries usually suffers from the strong binding of sulfur species to the catalyst surface, which destroys the electric double layer (EDL) region there. This causes rapid catalyst deactivation because it prevents the desorption of sulfur species and mass transport through the EDL is hindered. This work introduces a competitive adsorption factor (fsulfur) as a new indicator to quantify the competitive adsorption of sulfur species in the EDL and proposes an alloying method to change it by strengthening the p-d hybridization of alloying metals with electrolyte solvents. A cobalt-zinc alloy catalyst with a moderate fsulfur lowers the activation energy of the rate-limiting step of the conversion of lithium polysulfides to lithium sulfide, giving a platform capacity proportion that is 96% of the theoretical value and has a greatly improved anti-passivation ability, especially at high sulfur loadings and lean electrolyte conditions (a low E/S ratio of 5 µL mgS -1). A pouch cell using this approach has a high energy density of up to 464 Wh kg-1. Such a competitive adsorption indicator and alloying strategy offer a new guideline for catalyst design and a practical electrocatalysis solution for Li-S batteries.
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Background: Cardiotoxicity (CTX) induced by adjuvant chemotherapy is a significant factor that impacts the prognosis and quality of life in breast cancer (BC) patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) before and after treatment in BC patients who received anthracyclines adjuvant chemotherapy protocol (AC-T) and anthracyclines combined with trastuzumabadjuvant chemotherapy protocol (AC-TH). Additionally, we assessed whether there were any differences in the changes in EAT between the two groups of patients. Our objective was to examine the effects of anthracyclines and trastuzumab on EAT and determine the potential role of EAT changes on CTX. Methods: We reviewed female BC patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy protocols of AC-T and AC-TH, all of whom underwent baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) chest computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography. A cohort of healthy women, matched in age, underwent two chest CTs. EAT was quantified on chest CT using semi-automated software. CTX was defined as a > 10% reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline, with an absolute value of < 53%. Results: A total of 41 BC patients were included in the study, with 23 patients in the AC-T group and 18 patients in the AC-TH group. Additionally, 22 healthy females were included as the normal group. None of the BC patients developed CTX after chemotherapy. The age did not differ significantly between the normal group and the AC-T group (p = 0.341) or the AC-TH group (p = 0.853). Similarly, the body mass index (BMI) of the normal group was comparable to that of the AC-T group (p = 0.377, 0.346) and the AC-TH group (p = 0.148, 0.119) before and after chemotherapy. The EAT volume index (mL/kg/ m 2 ) was significantly higher in both the AC-T group (5.11 ± 1.85 vs. 4.34 ± 1.55, p < 0.001) and the AC-TH group (4.53 ± 1.61 vs. 3.48 ± 1.62, p < 0.001) at T1 compared with T0. In addition, both the AC-T group (-72.95 ± 5.01 vs. -71.22 ± 3.91, p = 0.005) and the AC-TH group (-72.55 ± 5.27 vs. -68.20 ± 5.98, p < 0.001) exhibited a significant decrease in EAT radiodensity (HU) at T1 compared to T0. However, there was no significant difference observed in the normal group. At T0, no difference was seen in EAT volume index (4.34 ± 1.55 vs. 3.48 ± 1.62, p = 0.090) and radiodensity (-71.22 ± 3.91 vs. -68.20 ± 5.98, p = 0.059) between the AC-T and AC-TH groups. Similarly, at T1, there was still no significant difference observed in the EAT volume index (-5.11 ± 1.85 vs. 4.53 ± 1.61, p = 0.308) and radiodensity (-72.95 ± 5.00 vs. -72.54 ± 5.27, p = 0.802) between the two groups. Conclusions: BC patients who underwent AC-T and AC-TH adjuvant chemotherapy protocols demonstrated a significant rise in the volume index of EAT, along with a substantial reduction in its radiodensity post-chemotherapy. These findings indicate that alterations in EAT could potentially aid in identifying cardiac complications caused by chemotherapeutic agents and remind clinicians to focus on changes in EAT after adjuvant chemotherapy in BC patients to prevent the practical occurrence of CTX.
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The Lysosomal Protein Transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5) is a lysosomal transmembrane protein preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. The human LAPTM5 gene is located at position 1p34 and extends approximately 25â¯kb. Its protein includes five transmembrane domains, three PY motifs, and one UIM. The PY and UIM motifs can interact with various substrates, mediating sorting of proteins from Golgi to lysosome and subsequently participating in intracellular substrate transport and lysosomal stability regulation. Overexpression of LAPTM5 can induce lysosomal cell death (LCD), although the integrity of LAPTM5 protein is necessary for maintaining lysosome stability. Furthermore, LAPTM5 plays a role in autophagy activation during disease processes and has been confirmed to be closely associated with the regulation of immunity and inflammation. Therefore, LAPTM5 regulates a wide range of physiological processes and is involved in various diseases. This article summarizes the characteristics of the LAPTM5 gene and protein structure and provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms involved in cell death, autophagy, immunity, and inflammation regulation. It emphasizes the significance of LAPTM5 in the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, immune system disorders, viral infections, cancer, and other diseases, which could provide new therapeutic ideas and targets for human diseases.
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Autofagia , Proteínas de Membrana , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Animais , Autofagia/genética , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
Thickening of electrodes is crucial for maximizing the proportion of active components and thus improving the energy density of practical energy storage cells. Nevertheless, trade-offs between electrode thickness and electrochemical performance persist because of the considerably increased ion transport resistance of thick electrodes. Herein, we propose accelerating ion transport through thick and dense electrodes by establishing an immobile polyanionic backbone within the electrode pores; and as a proof of concept, gel polyacrylic electrolytes as such a backbone are in situ synthesized for supercapacitors. During charge and discharge, protons rapidly hop among RCOO- sites for oriented transport, fundamentally reducing the effects of electrode tortuosity and polarization resulting from concentration gradients. Consequently, nearly constant ion transport resistance per unit thickness is achieved, even in the case of a 900-µm-thick dense electrode, leading to unprecedented areal capacitances of 14.85 F cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2 and 4.26 F cm-2 at 100 mA cm-2. This study provides an efficient method for accelerating ion transport through thick and dense electrodes, indicating a significant solution for achieving high energy density in energy storage devices, including but not limited to supercapacitors.
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BACKGROUND: Although infections play a role in the development of lung cancer, the longitudinal association between infection and the risk of lung cancer is disputed and data relating to pathogen types and infection sites is sparse. RESEARCH QUESTION: How do infections impact subsequent lung cancer risk and whether the impact is limited to specific microbes rather than infection burden? METHODS: We ascertained 900+ infectious diseases from the UK Biobank study. Short- and long-term effect of infections was assessed using time-varying Cox proportional hazard models. The analysis was repeated, excluding patients with concurrent multi-pathogen infections or outcomes within the ten years after initial hospitalization for the index infection. Life table was used to estimate years of life lost from lung cancer. Infection burden was defined as the sum of the number of infection episodes over time and co-occurring infections. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) used in two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) were obtained from mostly European ancestry. RESULTS: Hospital-treated infectious disease was associated with a greater risk of lung cancer (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.79 [95% CI 1.74-1.83]). aHRs for lung cancer ranged from 1.39 to 2.82 across pathogen types. The impact of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) on lung cancer was the strongest, with an aHR of 3.22 [95% CI 2.64-3.92], while the aHR for extra-LRTIs was 1.29 [1.16-1.44]). A dose-response association was observed between infection burden and lung cancer risk across different FEV1% predicted (p-trend <0.001). Multiple infections led to a significant life lost from lung cancer at the age of 50. MR analysis reaffirmed the causal association. INTERPRETATION: Both observational and genetic analyses suggested that infectious diseases could increase the risk of lung cancer. The dual perspective on the LRTIs and extra-LRTIs impacts may inform lung cancer preventive strategies.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the infection spectrum of various pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections among pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We retrospectively reviewed pediatric CAP admissions before (from 2018 to 2019) and during (from 2020 to 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of S. aureus isolates were examined to assess the pandemic's effect. As a result, a total of 399 pediatric CAP patients with S. aureus infections were included. The positivity rate, gender, and age distribution of patients were similar across both periods. There was a marked reduction in respiratory co-infections with Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to 2019. Additionally, there were significant changes in the resistance profiles of S. aureus isolates to various antibiotics. Resistance to oxacillin and tetracycline increased, whereas resistance to penicillin, gentamicin, and quinolones decreased. Notably, resistance to erythromycin significantly decreased in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The number of S. aureus isolates, the proportion of viral co-infections, and the number of resistant strains typically peaked seasonally, primarily in the first or fourth quarters of 2018, 2019, and 2021. However, shifts in these patterns were noted in the first quarter of 2020 and the fourth quarter of 2022. These findings reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the infection dynamics of S. aureus among pediatric CAP patients, as evidenced by changes in respiratory co-infections, AMR patterns, and seasonal trends.
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Antibacterianos , COVID-19 , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/microbiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Retrospectivos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Lactente , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Adolescente , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/microbiologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Pandemias , Hospitalização , Farmacorresistência BacterianaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The longitudinal association between infectious diseases and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. METHODS: Based on the UK Biobank, the prospective cohort study included a total of 396,080 participants without diabetes at baseline. We determined the types and sites of infectious diseases and incident T2D using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes (ICD-10). Time-varying Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association. Infection burden was defined as the number of infection episodes over time and the number of co-occurring infections. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D consisted of 424 single nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS: During a median of 9.04 [IQR, 8.3-9.7] years of follow-up, hospital-treated infectious diseases were associated with a greater risk of T2D (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.54 [95 % CI 1.46-1.61]), with risk difference per 10,000 individuals equal to 154.1 [95 % CI 140.7-168.2]. The heightened risk persisted after 5 years following the index infection. Bacterial infection with sepsis had the strongest risk of T2D (aHR 2.95 [95 % CI 2.53-3.44]) among different infection types. For site-specific analysis, bloodstream infections posed the greatest risk (3.01 [95 % CI 2.60-3.48]). A dose-response association was observed between infection burden and T2D risk within each GRS tertile (p-trend <0.001). High genetic risk and infection synergistically increased the T2D risk. CONCLUSION: Infectious diseases were associated with an increased risk of subsequent T2D. The risk showed specificity according to types, sites, severity of infection and the period since infection occurred. A potential accumulative effect of infection was revealed.
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The unsatisfactory oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics caused by the inherent lean-oxygen marine environment brings low power density for metal-dissolved oxygen seawater batteries (SWBs). In this study, we propose a seawater/electrode interfacial engineering strategy by constructing a hydrophobic coating to realize enhanced mass transfer of dissolved oxygen for the fully immersed cathode of SWBs. Accumulation of dissolved oxygen from seawater to the catalyst is particularly beneficial for improving the ORR performance under lean-oxygen conditions. As a result, SWB assembled with a hydrophobic cathode achieved a power density of up to 2.32 mW cm-2 and sustained discharge at 1.3 V for 250 h. Remarkably, even in environments with an oxygen concentration of 4 mg L-1, it can operate at a voltage approximately 100 mV higher than that of an unmodified SWB. The introduction of a hydrophobic interface enhances the discharge voltage and power of SWBs by improving interfacial oxygen mass transfer, providing new insights into improving the underwater ORR performance for practical SWBs.
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BACKGROUND: Experimental and cross-sectional evidence has suggested a potential role of infection in the ethology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aim to examine the longitudinal association of infections with the incidence of PD and to explore whether the increased risk is limited to specific infection type rather than infection burden. METHODS: Based on the UK Biobank, hospital-treated infectious diseases and incident PD were ascertained through record linkage to national hospital inpatient registers. Infection burden was defined as the sum of the number of infection episodes over time and the number of co-occurring infections. The polygenic risk score (PRS) for PD was calculated. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) used in two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) were obtained from observational cohort participants of mostly European ancestry. RESULTS: Hospital-treated infectious diseases were associated with an increased risk of PD (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.35 [95 % CI 1.20-1.52]). This relationship persisted when analyzing new PD cases occurring more than 10 years post-infection (aHR 1.22 [95 % CI 1.04-1.43]). The greatest PD risk was observed in neurological/eye infection (aHR 1.72 [95 % CI 1.32-2.34]), with lower respiratory tract infection (aHR 1.43 [95 % CI 1.02-1.99]) ranked the second. A dose-response association was observed between infection burden and PD risk within each PD-PRS tertile (p-trend < 0.001). Multivariable MR showed that bacterial and viral infections increase the PD risk. CONCLUSIONS: Both observational and genetic analysis suggested a causal association between infections and the risk of developing PD. A dose-response relationship between infection burden and incident PD was revealed.
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Doenças Transmissíveis , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Doença de Parkinson/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Transmissíveis/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Infecções/epidemiologia , Infecções/genética , Incidência , Hospitalização , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
In the present study, six new compounds namely, picralactones CH (1-6) along with nine known compounds (7-15) were isolated from the branches and leaves of Picrasma chinese P.Y. Chen. Their structures were determined with the help of spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR and CD. Cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated against MDA-MB-231, SW-620 and HepG2 human cancer cell lines. Compound 4 showed cytotoxic activities.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos , Picrasma , Folhas de Planta , Quassinas , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Picrasma/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quassinas/farmacologia , Quassinas/isolamento & purificação , Quassinas/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Caules de Planta/química , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
Heterogeneous catalysis promises to accelerate sulfur-involved conversion reactions in lithium-sulfur batteries. Solid-state Li2S dissociation remains as the rate-limiting step because of the weakly matched solid-solid electrocatalysis interfaces. We propose an electrochemically molecular-imprinting strategy to have a metal sulfide (MS) catalyst with imprinted defects in positions from which the pre-implanted Li2S has been electrochemically removed. Such tailor-made defects enable the catalyst to bind exclusively to Li atoms in Li2S reactant and elongate the Li-S bond, thus decreasing the reaction energy barrier during charging. The imprinted Ni3S2 catalyst shows the best activity due to the highest defect concentration among the MS catalysts examined. The Li2S oxidation potential is substantially reduced to 2.34 V from 2.96 V for the counterpart free of imprinted vacancies, and an Ah-level pouch cell is realized with excellent cycling performance. With a lean electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 1.80 µL mgS -1, the cell achieves a benchmarkedly high energy density beyond 500 Wh kg-1.
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Developing hydrophobic interface has proven effective in addressing dendrite growth and side reactions during zinc (Zn) plating in aqueous Zn batteries. However, this solution inadvertently impedes the solvation of Zn2+ with H2O and subsequent ionic transport during Zn stripping, leading to insufficient reversibility. Herein, an adaptive hydrophobic interface that can be switched "on" and "off" by ionic valves to accommodate the varying demands for interfacial H2O during both the Zn plating and stripping processes, is proposed. This concept is validated using octyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (C8TAB) as the ionic valve, which can initiatively establish and remove a hydrophobic interface in response to distinct electric-field directions during Zn plating and stripping, respectively. Consequently, the Zn anode exhibits an extended cycling life of over 2500 h with a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.8%. The full cells also show impressive capacity retention of over 85% after 1 000 cycles at 5 A g-1. These findings provide a new insight into interface design for aqueous metal batteries.
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Catalysis is crucial to improve redox kinetics in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, conventional catalysts that consist of a single metal element are incapable of accelerating stepwise sulfur redox reactions which involve 16-electron transfer and multiple Li2Sn (n = 2-8) intermediate species. To enable fast kinetics of Li-S batteries, it is proposed to use high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanocatalysts, which are demonstrated effective to adsorb lithium polysulfides and accelerate their redox kinetics. The incorporation of multiple elements (Co, Ni, Fe, Pd, and V) within HEAs greatly enhances the catalytically active sites, which not only improves the rate capability, but also elevates the cycling stability of the assembled batteries. Consequently, HEA-catalyzed Li-S batteries achieve a high capacity up to 1364 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and experience only a slight capacity fading rate of 0.054% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2 C, while the assembled pouch cell achieves a high specific capacity of 1192 mAh g-1. The superior performance of Li-S batteries demonstrates the effectiveness of the HEA catalysts with maximized synergistic effect for accelerating S conversion reactions, which opens a way to catalytically improving stepwise electrochemical conversion reactions.
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ß-Glucan is the main component of the cell wall of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including various yeast, fungi, or certain bacteria. Previous reports demonstrated that ß-glucan was widely investigated as a potent immunomodulators to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses, which indicated that it could be recommended as an effective adjuvant in immunotherapy. However, the detailed effects of ß-glucan on neonatal immunity are still largely unknown. Here, we found that ß-glucan did not affect the frequencies and numbers of myeloid cells in the spleen and bone marrow from neonates. Functional assay revealed that ß-glucan from neonates compromised the immunosuppressive function of immature myeloid cells, which were myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Flow cytometry or gene expression analysis revealed that ß-glucan-derived polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs produced lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arginase-1 (Arg1) in neonatal mice. Furthermore, ß-glucan administration significantly decreased the frequency and ROS level of PMN-MDSCs in vitro. These observations suggest that ß-glucan facilitates the maturation of myeloid cells in early life, which may contribute to its beneficial effects against immune disorders later in life.
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Animais Recém-Nascidos , Arginase , Células Supressoras Mieloides , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , beta-Glucanas , Animais , Camundongos , Arginase/metabolismo , beta-Glucanas/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/imunologia , Células Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Supressoras Mieloides/imunologia , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Supressoras Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Baço/imunologia , Baço/metabolismo , Baço/citologiaRESUMO
Two new triterpenes mayteneri A (1), mayteneri B (2), and seven known compounds (3-9) were isolated from stems of Maytenus hookeri Loes. The chemical structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS analysis, and calculating electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The structures of known compounds 3-9 were determined by comparison of their spectral with those reported. Compounds 4-7 showed significant inhibitory activity for NLRP3 inflammasome, with the IC50 values of 2.36-3.44 µM.
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Maytenus , Ácido Oleanólico , Estrutura Molecular , Ácido Oleanólico/química , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Oleanólico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Maytenus/química , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Caules de Planta/química , Animais , Camundongos , Inflamassomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The optoelectronic resistive random-access memory (RRAM) with the integrated function of perception, storage and intrinsic randomness displays promising applications in the hardware level in-sensor image cryptography. In this work, 2D hexagonal boron nitride based optoelectronic RRAM is fabricated with semitransparent noble metal (Ag or Au) as top electrodes, which can simultaneous capture color image and generate physically unclonable function (PUF) key for in-sensor color image cryptography. Surface plasmons of noble metals enable the strong light absorption to realize an efficient modulation of filament growth at nanoscale. Resistive switching curves show that the optical stimuli can impede the filament aggregation and promote the filament annihilation, which originates from photothermal effects and photogenerated hot electrons in localized surface plasmon resonance of noble metals. By selecting noble metals, the optoelectronic RRAM array can respond to distinct wavelengths and mimic the biological dichromatic cone cells to perform the color perception. Due to the intrinsic and high-quality randomness, the optoelectronic RRAM can produce a PUF key in every exposure cycle, which can be applied in the reconfigurable cryptography. The findings demonstrate an effective strategy to build optoelectronic RRAM for in-sensor color image cryptography applications.
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the negative immune regulators, have been demonstrated to be involved in immune responses to a variety of pathological conditions, such as tumors, chronic inflammation, and infectious diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms underlying the expansion of MDSCs in malaria remain unclear. In this study, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of splenic MDSCs during Plasmodium yoelii NSM infection are described. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence that the sera from P. yoelii-infected C57BL/6 mice containing excess IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promote the accumulation of MDSCs by inducing Bcl2 expression. Serum-induced MDSCs exert more potent suppressive effects on T cell responses than control MDSCs within both in vivo P. yoelii infection and in vitro serum-treated bone marrow cells experiments. Serum treatment increases the MDSC inhibitory effect, which is dependent on Arg1 expression. Moreover, mechanistic studies reveal that the serum effects are mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. By inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation with the JAK inhibitor JSI-124, effects of serum on MDSCs are almost eliminated. In vivo depletion of MDSCs with anti-Gr-1 or 5-fluorouracil significantly reduces the parasitemia and promotes Th1 immune response in P. yoelii-infected C57BL/6 mice by upregulating IFN-γ expression. In summary, this study indicates that P. yoelii infection facilitates the accumulation and function of MDSCs by upregulating the expression of Bcl2 and Arg1 via JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Manipulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway or depleting MDSCs could be promising therapeutic interventions to treat malaria.
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Janus Quinases , Malária , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Supressoras Mieloides , Plasmodium yoelii , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Plasmodium yoelii/imunologia , Malária/imunologia , Células Supressoras Mieloides/imunologia , Camundongos , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Janus Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/metabolismo , Arginase/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/imunologia , FemininoRESUMO
As a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based manufacture of bulk oxygenates, electrochemical synthesis using CO and H2O as raw materials at ambient conditions offers immense appeal. However, the upscaling of the electrosynthesis of oxygenates encounters kinetic bottlenecks arising from the competing hydrogen evolution reaction with the selective production of ethylene. Herein, a catalytic relay system that can perform in tandem CO capture, activation, intermediate transfer and enrichment on a Cu-Ag composite catalyst is used for attaining high yield CO-to-oxygenates electrosynthesis at high current densities. The composite catalyst Cu/30Ag (molar ratio of Cu to Ag is 7:3) enables high efficiency CO-to-oxygenates conversion, attaining a maximum partial current density for oxygenates of 800 mA cm-2 at an applied current density of 1200 mA cm-2, and with 67 % selectivity. The ability to finely control the production of ethylene and oxygenates highlights the principle of efficient catalyst design based on the relay mechanism.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of transcription factor in Desmodium styracifolium, proving that the DsWRKY6 transcription factor was related to the plant phenotypes of Desmodium styracifolium - cv. 'GuangYaoDa1' and it could be used in molecular-assisted breeding. 'GuangYaoDa1' was used as the material and its DNA was the template to clone DsWRKY6, the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana line was constructed by agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated transformation. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was cultivated to study phenotype and physiological and biochemical indexes. Phenotypic observation showed that DsWRKY6 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana had a faster growth rate while compared with the control group, they had longer lengths of main stem, lateral branches of cauline leaves, and root, but a lower number of cauline leaves and lateral branches of cauline leaves. And it also showed that their flowering and fruiting periods were advanced. The results of physiological and biochemical indexes showed that the relative expressions of DsWRKY6 increased and the abscisic acid content significantly increased in DsWRKY6 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana compared with the control group. According to the above results, DsWRKY6 could regulate the advancing of flowering and fruiting periods caused by the improvement of abscisic acid content, and expression of the DsWRKY6 transcription factor might be the cause of the upright growth of 'GuangYaoDa1'.