The relationship between self-control and learning engagement among Chinese college students: the chain mediating roles of resilience and positive emotions.

Background: As the main driver of talent cultivation in colleges and universities, the learning and development level of college students is a core indicator of the quality of talent cultivation. The current status of college students' learning has always been a heavily researched topic. However, there is a lack of academic research on the potential mechanisms of self-control about how it affects college students' learning engagement. This study explored the relationship between college students' self-control and learning engagement and the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship with reference to a large sample. Methods: A total of 765 college students from Guangxi, China, completed the self-control scale, the resilience scale, the positive emotions scale, and the learning engagement scale. SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct common method bias tests, descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and regression analyses. Structural equation modeling was constructed using AMOS 26.0, and mediation effects were tested. Results: This article mainly used questionnaires to collect data and, on this basis, examined the relationship between self-control, resilience, positive emotions, and the learning engagement of college students. The results showed that (1) self-control positively affected college students' learning engagement; (2) resilience partially mediated the relationship between self-control and college students' learning engagement; (3) positive emotions partially mediated the relationship between self-control and college students' learning engagement; and (4) resilience and positive emotions played a chain-mediating role between self-control and college students' learning engagement. Conclusion: The present study identifies the potential mechanism underlying the association between the self-control and learning engagement of college students. The results of this study have practical implications for enhancing the learning engagement of Chinese college students by increasing their psychological resources and improving the teaching of university teachers.

Can environmental regulations and R&D subsidies promote GTFP in pharmaceutical industry? Evidence from Chinese provincial panel data.

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China's pharmaceutical industry from 2000 to 2019, this paper proposes to combine the super efficiency SBM model and GML productivity index to calculate the static and dynamic green total factor productivity (GTFP). Then, the Tobit model is adopted for regression analysis on how environmental regulations, government R&D subsidies, and their cross-terms affect the GTFP. Findings suggest that: (1) Static analysis reveals that the GTFP in China's pharmaceutical industry is markedly different among provinces and regions, and the dynamic analysis shows an upward trend from 2000 to 2019. (2) The GTFP of the pharmaceutical industry and environmental rules are connected in a U-shape. The government R&D subsidies to GTFP are positive and significant, and with the expansion of government R&D subsidies, the promotion effect of environmental regulations on GTFP is enhanced. Therefore, it is necessary to set up differentiated environmental regulations systems in different provinces and increase R&D subsidies to promote the pharmaceutical industry's green development.