RESUMO
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are effective against hematological cancers, but are less effective against solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of the reasons is that only a few cell surface targets specific for NSCLC cells have been identified. Here, we report that CD98 heavy chain (hc) protein is overexpressed on the surface of NSCLC cells and is a potential target for CAR T cells against NSCLC. Screening of over 10,000 mAb clones raised against NSCLC cell lines showed that mAb H2A011 bound to NSCLC cells but not normal lung epithelial cells. H2A011 recognized CD98hc. Although CAR T cells derived from H2A011 could not be established presumably due to the high level of H2A011 reactivity in activated T cells, those derived from the anti-CD98hc mAb R8H283, which had been shown to lack reactivity with CD98hc glycoforms expressed on normal hematopoietic cells and some normal tissues, were successfully developed. R8H283 specifically reacted with NSCLC cells in six of 15 patients. R8H283-derived CAR T cells exerted significant anti-tumor effects in a xenograft NSCLC model in vivo. These results suggest that R8H283 CAR T cells may become a new therapeutic tool for NSCLC, although careful testing for off-tumor reactivity should be performed in the future.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Animais , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/imunologia , Cadeia Pesada da Proteína-1 Reguladora de Fusão/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , FemininoRESUMO
This pilot study analyzed the dietary patterns of patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing initial pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), treatment in the month before treatment. Serum fatty acid fractions and their associations with ICI treatment efficacy were also investigated. The results showed that long-term survivors (those who survived for ≥ 3 years) consumed significantly more seafood than short-term survivors (those who survived for < 3 years). Furthermore, the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as well as the ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid (EPA/AA) were higher in the long-term survivors than those in the short-term survivors. The group with a high serum EPA/AA ratio had a significantly higher overall survival rate after ICI treatment than the group with a low serum EPA/AA ratio. In conclusion, higher dietary seafood consumption may improve OS in lung cancer patients treated with ICI and the serum EPA/AA ratio may be a useful biomarker for determining the efficacy of ICI treatment. Thus, supplements that increase the serum EPA/AA ratio could serve as new nutritional interventions for enhancing the efficacy of ICI treatment. However, further large-scale case and intervention studies are required.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico , Ácido Araquidônico , Projetos Piloto , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has limited treatment options for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although osimertinib or afatinib alone induced drug-resistant clones with EGFR secondary mutation in a preclinical model, its combination prevented the appearance of these mutations. We investigated alternating-dose therapy of osimertinib and afatinib in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC in a single-arm Phase II trial. METHODS: Treatment-naïve patients with stage IV NSCLC harboring an activating EGFR mutation were enrolled. Alternating cycles of osimertinib (80 mg/day) followed by afatinib (20 mg/day) were administered every 8 weeks. Genomic analysis was performed using circulating tumor DNA obtained before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Among the 46 enrolled patients, the median progression-free survival was 20.2 months. The overall response rate was 69.6%. The median overall survival was not reached. Among the 26 plasma samples obtained after the acquisition of resistance, 3 showed an increased MET gene copy number, and 1 showed BRAF mutation. Meanwhile, no EGFR secondary mutation was detected. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of our treatment was not significantly different from osimertinib alone, as reported previously in untreated advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. Although the sample size was limited, this treatment may prevent the emergence of EGFR secondary mutations that trigger drug resistance. Further studies are warranted to establish the significance of this treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: jRCTs051180009.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Afatinib , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptores ErbB , Mutação/genéticaRESUMO
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have caused revolutionary changes in cancer treatment, but low response rates remain a challenge. Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) modulates the immune system through multiple mechanisms in mice, although the role of human Sema4A in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. This study demonstrates that histologically Sema4A-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) responded significantly better to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody than Sema4A-negative NSCLC. Intriguingly, SEMA4A expression in human NSCLC was mainly derived from tumor cells and was associated with T cell activation. Sema4A promoted cytotoxicity and proliferation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells without terminal exhaustion by enhancing mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and polyamine synthesis, which led to improved efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in murine models. Improved T cell activation by recombinant Sema4A was also confirmed using isolated tumor-infiltrating T cells from patients with cancer. Thus, Sema4A might be a promising therapeutic target and biomarker for predicting and promoting ICI efficacy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Semaforinas , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Anticorpos Bloqueadores , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Semaforinas/genética , Semaforinas/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) therapy exerts beneficial effects in a limited population of cancer patients. Therefore, more accurate diagnostics to predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy are desired. The present study investigated whether peripheral T cell cytotoxicity predicts the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Advanced NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) were consecutively enrolled in the present study. Peripheral blood samples were subjected to an analysis of peripheral T cell cytotoxicity and flow cytometry prior to the initiation of anti-PD-1 therapy. Peripheral T cell cytotoxicity was assessed using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) technology. We found that progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients with high peripheral T cell cytotoxicity (p = 0.0094). In the multivariate analysis, treatment line and peripheral T cell cytotoxicity were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. The analysis of T cell profiles revealed that peripheral T cell cytotoxicity correlated with the ratio of the effector memory population in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the results of flow cytometry showed that the peripheral CD45RA+CD25+/CD4+ T cell ratio was higher in patients with than in those without severe adverse events (p = 0.0076). These results indicated that the peripheral T cell cytotoxicity predicted the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for advanced NSCLC patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since 2015, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been a clinical treatment strategy for patients with advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the relationship between immune-related adverse event (irAE) risk factors and patient clinical characteristics is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between irAE risk and the clinical characteristics of patients with NSCLC. METHODS: We included patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC with known programmed death-ligand 1 expression levels treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 260 patients with NSCLC (March 2016-November 2020) and analyzed the relationship between the patient clinical characteristics and irAEs. RESULTS: Our retrospective analysis revealed that tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 90% and adenocarcinoma histology were independent risk factors for irAEs (odds ratio: 3.750 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58-8.89 and 0.424 95% CI: 0.19-0.97, respectively) in first-line treatment. However, in patients receiving second- or later-line treatments, no clinical characteristics were identified as risk factors for irAEs. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the response rates to first-line treatments between the TPS ≥ 90% and TPS < 90% groups (74% vs. 71%, p = 0.83). In later-line treatments, the TPS ≥ 90% group had a better response rate than the TPS < 90% group (55% vs. 17%, p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in overall survival were observed in either of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: TPS ≥ 90% and adenocarcinoma histology were independent risk factors for irAEs in previously untreated patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC. Therefore, patients at high risk of irAEs require additional monitoring.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Alternation of osimertinib and afatinib is a potential approach to overcome osimertinib resistance and to allow complementation of drug efficacy without compromising safety in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Treatment-naive patients with stage IV NSCLC harboring an activating EGFR mutation (L858R or exon-19 deletion) were enrolled. Alternating cycles of osimertinib at 80 mg/day for 8 weeks followed by afatinib at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks were administered. The primary end point was 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) probability. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were enrolled and treated with study therapy. The 12-month PFS probability was 70.2% (60% confidence interval [CI], 63.9-75.6%; 95% CI, 54.2-81.5%), which did not meet the primary end point. After a median follow-up time of 25.7 months, the median PFS was 21.3 months (95% CI, 16.3 months-not reached). The overall response rate was 69.6% (95% CI, 54.2-82.3%). The most common treatment-related adverse events (any grade or grade ≥ 3, respectively) were diarrhea (73.9%, 4.3%), rash acneiform (63.0%, 2.2%), and paronychia (52.2%, 0%). Five cases of pneumonitis, two of grade 2 and thres of grade 3, were apparent, all of which developed during osimertinib treatment. Exploratory evaluation of circulating tumor DNA suggested that coexisting TP53 mutations did not influence PFS for the alternating therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Alternating therapy with osimertinib and afatinib for treatment-naive patients with EGFR- mutated advanced NSCLC did not meet its primary end point, despite the encouraging efficacy and safety profile of this treatment strategy.
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Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Acrilamidas/efeitos adversos , Afatinib/efeitos adversos , Compostos de Anilina/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Genes erbB-1 , Humanos , Indóis/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mutação , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Obstructive endobronchial tumours often cause decreased quality of life. Bronchial ethanol injection (BEI) therapy is considered an effective modality for airway dilatation or haemoptysis without specialist equipment. Here, we report experiences of two cases in which BEI therapy was effective for obstructive endobronchial tumours. In Case 1 with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung, BEI therapy and balloon dilatation were performed as treatment for the left main bronchus restenosis after metallic stent insertion. In Case 2 with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, BEI therapy was performed after radiation therapy to the lesion that recurred in the entrance of the superior segment of the right lower lobe. Tumour progression was controlled with multiple BEI therapy. We consider BEI therapy useful because this procedure is easy to conduct, has low cost and can be done under particular conditions including post-tracheobronchial stent placement and post-radiation.
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Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor that grows rapidly and has a poor prognosis. Although no effective treatments have so far been established, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown clinical improvement in some cases of pleomorphic carcinoma. However, pseudoprogression is a major concern for treatment of this carcinoma using ICIs. Here, we report the case of a 61-year-old man who was diagnosed with large cell carcinoma of the lung with brain metastases. Systemic chemotherapy comprising carboplatin and pemetrexed was administered as a first-line therapy; however, disease progression was observed. A tonsillar lesion grew rapidly after the administration of nivolumab as a second-line therapy. Tracheostomy was planned to avoid suffocation, but the patient naturally expectorated the tumor. Pathological examination revealed that it was a palatine tonsillar metastasis of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with infiltration of CD8+/CD4- lymphocytes and necrosis. The primary lesion expanded after nivolumab administration and shrank with no additional nivolumab administration. We therefore concluded that pseudoprogression caused expectoration of the tonsillar metastasis. Hence, ICIs can cause serious adverse events due to pseudoprogression.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Tonsilares/secundário , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase NeoplásicaRESUMO
Here, we report a rare case involving a 66-year-old man with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) treated with osimertinib. The patient presented with respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary opacities; he was diagnosed with ASS accompanied by interstitial lung disease (ILD), consistent with paraneoplastic syndrome. After steroid pulse therapy, osimertinib was administered for lung adenocarcinoma without ILD exacerbation. Osimertinib could therefore be a treatment option for EGFR-mutant lung cancer with paraneoplastic ILD.
Assuntos
Acrilamidas/uso terapêutico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/complicações , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos de Anilina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Miosite/tratamento farmacológico , Miosite/etiologia , Acrilamidas/farmacologia , Idoso , Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Receptores ErbB , Humanos , Masculino , Miosite/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent that is potentially effective for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, no study has reported on its prophylactic value against chemotherapy-associated acute IPF exacerbations when combined with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study assessed the safety and effectiveness of pirfenidone combined with carboplatin-based chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with IPF and NSCLC. METHODS: A total of 14 patients with IPF and NSCLC who received treatment from 2013 to 2019 were included. Patients were treated with pirfenidone combined with carboplatin and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel or S-1 as first-line chemotherapy. After confirming disease progression, patients received cytotoxic agents or ICIs, including nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Pirfenidone was continued regardless of chemotherapy changes. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for lung cancer and IPF were calculated. Moreover, the cumulative incidence of acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF) within one year was evaluated. RESULTS: Median PFS for lung cancer was 110 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 57-199 days), while the median OS was 362 days (95% CI: 220-526 days). Moreover, PFS for IPF was 447 days (95% CI: 286-indeterminate days), and the cumulative incidence of AE-IPF within one year was 18%. Notably, none of the patients developed AE-IPF associated with first-line chemotherapy. Among the included patients, four received ICIs, none of whom developed ICI-associated AE-IPF. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that pirfenidone combined with carboplatin-based regimens or ICIs might be safe first-line chemotherapy for patients with IPF and NSCLC. KEY POINTS: SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: No patients with IPF and NSCLC who received pirfenidone in combination with first-line carboplatin-based chemotherapy or late-line ICIs developed acute IPF exacerbations. What this study adds Pirfenidone might have a prophylactic effect against chemotherapy-associated AE-IPF.
Assuntos
Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Carboplatina/farmacologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/patologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piridonas/farmacologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Asbestos-related pulmonary conditions such as benign asbestos pleural effusion (BAPE) and diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) can develop after many years of asbestos exposure. These conditions cause progressing constrictive deficit in pulmonary function which may lead to respiratory failure and death. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with asbestos-related BAPE and DPT which developed approximately 40 years after occupational asbestos exposure, leading to chronic respiratory failure and death. We were able to observe his clinical course including computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation over 11 years. In addition to this observation, moderate asbestos body concentration was confirmed in autopsy-derived lung tissue. There are few case reports that showed radiographic course of asbestos-related pulmonary disorder initiated as BAPE, followed by unilateral DPT and later bilateral DPT that was histologically proven with asbestos body. We consider his clinical course is important in managing this disease, especially in early phase.
RESUMO
Aim: Osimertinib is a key drug for EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As the hazards ratio of overall survival in comparison with first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors was almost similar between FLAURA and ARCHER 1050, salvage use of osimertinib is still a treatment option. Patients & methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical courses of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patients who were potential candidates for salvage osimertinib. Results: Among 524 patients enrolled from five hospitals, 302 patients underwent biopsy, with 52.6% detection rate of T790M. Osimertinib was administered in 93.6% of the T790M-positive patients. The overall response rate and median progression-free survival time of osimertinib were calculated with 147 patients, to be 55.6% and 17.2 months, respectively. Conclusion: Osimertinib is active for T790M-driven acquired resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, but the detection of T790M was unsatisfactory. Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN000028989 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry).
Assuntos
Acrilamidas/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Anilina/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Receptores ErbB/genética , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Terapia de Salvação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that anti-PD-1 blocking antibodies showed remarkable clinical efficacy in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Clinical trials usually exclude patients with renal dysfunction who are receiving hemodialysis (HD). Therefore, it is unclear whether these patients can be safely and effectively treated with pembrolizumab. Here, we present a non-small cell lung cancer patient on HD who achieved complete remission after one dose of pembrolizumab without severe adverse events. We assessed pembrolizumab binding to peripheral blood T cells in this patient using a method that we recently developed. This is the first report to visualize pembrolizumab binding to T cells in a patient on HD during and after pembrolizumab treatment. The pharmacokinetics of pembrolizumab in this case were similar to those in patients with normal renal function, suggesting that severe renal dysfunction has little influence on the metabolism of pembrolizumab, and is not a contraindication for anti-PD-1 treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including pembrolizumab, may be a vital therapeutic option for lung cancer patients on HD.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Diálise Renal , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 61-year-old woman with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma exhibited high PD-L1 expression. Pembrolizumab was administered as second-line therapy. She developed destructive thyroiditis and her thyroid function started to decline during the administration of three to five courses. She was subsequently diagnosed with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis during the eighth course and insulin treatment was initiated. Pembrolizumab remained effective and was continued for 21 courses, even after the onset of diabetes mellitus. Immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment can be continued with hormone replacement even after the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus as an immune-related adverse event.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Torácica , Radioterapia , Tireoidite/diagnóstico , Tireoidite/tratamento farmacológico , Tireoidite/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are markedly effective for T790M-positive patients. To confer their clinical benefit to more patients, a novel therapy to induce positive conversion in T790M-negative patients may be possible. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who had received rebiopsy after completion of ABC-study: a prospective phase II study of Afatinib plus Bevacizumab Combination (ABC)-therapy after acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI. Between October 2014 and September 2016, 32 eligible patients were enrolled in ABC-study at our institutes. Eighteen patients were T790M-negative and 14 were T790M-positive before ABC-therapy. Rebiopsy was performed on 13 T790M-negative and 5 T790M-positive patients after progression of ABC-therapy. In 8 (62%) of 13 T790M-negative patients, T790M status changed from negative to positive after ABC-therapy. Seven of these 8 patients underwent osimertinib therapy. The response rate and median time to treatment failure were 86% and 12.2 months, respectively. There were no adverse events ≥grade 3, nor any treatment-related deaths. On the other hand, T790M remained positive after ABC-therapy in all 5 previous T790M-positive patients. ABC-therapy could induce positive conversion of T790M even in previously-negative patients. We hypothesize that ABC-therapy could provoke "clonal selection", which purifies T790M-positive cancer cells in heterogeneous tumors. Further studies are warranted to confirm this phenomena.
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BACKGROUND: Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 blocking monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, some patients on immunotherapy may experience rapid progression and worsening clinical status, known as hyperprogressive disease. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with NSCLC administered nivolumab therapy at Toneyama National Hospital, Japan, from January 2016 to January 2018. Of the 87 patients administered nivolumab therapy, five experienced rapid progression during one cycle of nivolumab therapy. Four patients were treated with corticosteroids to overcome their symptomatic events. Nivolumab exhibited efficacy after temporal progression, so-called "pseudoprogression", in three patients, and their symptoms and laboratory results improved. In the other patient, pleural and pericardial effusions increased after nivolumab therapy, and drainage was required, with no subsequent recurrence. The clinical courses of our case series indicate that alternative treatment, namely high-dose corticosteroids, antibiotics, and drainage, effectively treated the symptoms of rapid tumor progression. Of note, corticosteroids suppressed the temporary inflammatory reaction to nivolumab. Although hyperprogressive disease is thought to be associated with poor quality of life and survival, these treatment strategies may be useful in patients with expected responses to immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Nivolumabe/administração & dosagem , Nivolumabe/efeitos adversos , Retratamento , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The PD-1-blocking antibody nivolumab persists in patients several weeks after the last infusion. However, no study has systematically evaluated the maximum duration that the antibody persists on T cells or the association between this duration and residual therapeutic efficacy or potential adverse events. METHODS: To define the duration of binding and residual efficacy of nivolumab after discontinuation, we developed a simplified strategy for T cell monitoring and used it to analyze T cells from peripheral blood from 11 non-small cell lung cancer patients previously treated with nivolumab. To determine the suitability of our method for other applications, we compared transcriptome profiles between nivolumab-bound and nivolumab-unbound CD8 T cells. We also applied T cell monitoring in 2 nivolumab-treated patients who developed progressive lung tumors during long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Prolonged nivolumab binding was detected more than 20 weeks after the last infusion, regardless of the total number of nivolumab infusions (2-15 doses) or type of subsequent treatment, in 9 of the 11 cases in which long-term monitoring was possible. Ki-67 positivity, a proliferation marker, in T cells decreased in patients with progressive disease. Transcriptome profiling identified the signals regulating activation of nivolumab-bound T cells, which may contribute to nivolumab resistance. In 2 patients who restarted nivolumab, T cell proliferation markers exhibited the opposite trend and correlated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: Although only a few samples were analyzed, our strategy of monitoring both nivolumab binding and Ki-67 in T cells might help determine residual efficacy under various types of concurrent or subsequent treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000024623. FUNDING: This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (JP17K16045, JP18H05282, and JP15K09220), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP17cm0106310, JP18cm0106335 and JP18cm059042), and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JPMJCR16G2).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/sangue , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Seguimentos , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nivolumabe/farmacologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies suggested that the addition of bevacizumab could overcome acquired resistance (AR) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a combination of afatinib and bevacizumab after AR. METHODS: Patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer after AR were enrolled during any line of therapy. Afatinib was prescribed at 30 mg, and 15 mg/kg bevacizumab was administered every 3 weeks until progression. RESULTS: Between October 2014 and May 2017, 32 eligible patients were evaluated. The mutation subtypes were Del-19 (20 [63%]), L858R (11 [34%]), and L861Q (1 [3%]). T790M was detected in 14 patients (44%). The median number of prior regimens was 4 (range, 1-10). Six patients obtained a partial response, and 23 had stable disease; this resulted in an objective response rate (ORR) of 18.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2%-36.4%) and a disease control rate of 90.7% (95% CI, 75.0%-98.0%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.3 months (95% CI, 3.9-8.7 months). The ORRs and median PFS times of T790M+ and T790M- patients were 14.3% and 22.2%, respectively, and 6.3 and 7.1 months, respectively; those of Del-19 and L858R patients were 20.0% and 11.1%, respectively, and 6.3 and 5.1 months, respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events (incidence ≥ 10%) included paronychia (25%), hypertension (41%), and proteinuria (19%). There were no treatment-related deaths, interstitial lung disease, or bevacizumab-associated severe bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Afatinib plus bevacizumab demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety after AR to EGFR TKIs and could be a therapeutic salvage option for T790M- populations.
Assuntos
Afatinib/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Bevacizumab/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Afatinib/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bevacizumab/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores ErbB/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of treatment after cessation of nivolumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well investigated. The aim of the present study was to clarify the clinical benefit of post-nivolumab treatment in such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on patients who received treatment after cessation of nivolumab due to disease progression or adverse events at the Toneyama National Hospital between January 2016 and April 2017. RESULTS: Among 64 patients treated with nivolumab, 26 patients received treatment after cessation of nivolumab due to disease progression (n = 21) or adverse events (n = 5). The median age of the patients was 68 years and 19 patients were male. Nineteen patients had performance status (PS) 1 or less at initiation of post-nivolumab treatment. Four, 20, and 2 patients were treated with platinum doublets, a single agent, and molecular targeting agents, respectively. Response rate, disease control rate, and median progression-free survival of first-line post-nivolumab treatment were 34.6% (9 patients), 73.1% (19 patients), and 2.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-5.2), respectively. Adverse events (≥ grade 3) and treatment cessation were observed in 57.7% (15 patients) and 19.2% (5 patients), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences for the majority of patient characteristics between the groups with (n = 26) and without post-nivolumab treatment. However, PS at cessation of nivolumab and post-progression survival (PPS) after cessation of nivolumab (median PPS: 12.6 vs. 1.4 months, 95% CI: 3.8-14.7 vs. 0.4-2.2) were significantly different between the groups. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed significant correlation of PS at cessation of nivolumab (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.87) and post-nivolumab treatment (HR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.08-0.43) with prolonged PPS after nivolumab. CONCLUSION: Median post-progression survival in patients with advanced NSCLC who received post-nivolumab treatment was approximately 1 year.