Phytoactive Molecules and Nanodelivery Approaches for Breast Cancer Treatment: Current and Future Perspectives.

One of the most common malignancies in women, breast cancer accounts for nearly 25% of all cancer cases. Breast cancer is a diverse cancer form that exhibits variability in both morphology and molecular characteristics, and is linked to numerous risk factors. Although various approaches and research are ongoing in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, medication resistance in the current breast cancer treatment contributes to the disease's relapse and recurrence. Phytoactive molecules are the subject of growing research in both breast cancer prevention and treatment but currently used conventional medicines and techniques limit their application. Recent years have seen significant advancements in the field of nanotechnology, which has proven to be essential in the fight against drug resistance. The transport of synthetic and natural anticancer molecules via nanocarriers has recently been added to breast cancer therapy, greatly alleviating the constraints of the current approach. In light of these developments, interest in nano-delivery studies of phytoactive molecules has also increased. In this review, research of phytoactive molecules for breast cancers along with their clinical studies and nanoformulations, was presented from current and future perspectives.

Nanodelivery Approaches of Phytoactives for Skin Cancers: Current and Future Perspectives.

In recent years, there has been an increase in skin cancers due to external factors, especially environmental factors, and studies on treatment alternatives have gained importance. Nanomaterials are common, from sunscreen formulas to formulations designed to treat skin cancers at various stages. Using bioactives has multiple effects in treating skin cancers, which provides many advantages. In this regard, many phytochemicals gain importance with their antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and analgesic effects. Their delivery with nanocarriers is on the agenda for phytochemicals to gain the targeted stability, effectiveness, and toxicity/safety properties. This review presents types of skin cancers, phytochemicals effective in skin cancers, and their nanocarrier-loaded studies from an up-to-date perspective.

Evaluation of organic load-related efficacy changes in antiseptic solutions used in hospitals.

BACKGROUND: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the change in antimicrobial efficacy related to the presence of the organic load of four different antiseptic solutions that are frequently used in hospitals. METHODS: Solutions of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate, and ethyl alcohol were prepared, tested in terms of antimicrobial efficacy changes in the presence of organic substances, and evaluated according to EN 13727 and EN 13624 standards. RESULTS: Among the investigated solutions ethanol 70% solution showed the best results by providing a 5-log reduction on all test organisms without affecting by the type and concentration of organic substances. Solutions of hydrogen peroxide 3%, povidone-iodine 7.5%, and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% performed lower antimicrobial efficacy depending on the concentration of organic load. DISCUSSION: It is concluded that the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic solutions is significantly affected by the organic substances and thus the proper use of antiseptics has become important to achieve successful disinfection and prevention of antibacterial resistance.

Preparation and evaluation of a propolis ointment for skin nourishing and healing.

Propolis is a resinous substance containing aromatic acids, esters, volatile compounds, hydrocarbons, steroids, enzymes, flavonoids, vitamins and minerals. In this direction it has nutrient, antibacterial and antioxidant properties due to its complex structure and content. In this study it was aimed to prepare a propolis ointment with a base of occlusive and emollient properties for nourishing and healing of skin damaged by environmental effects. Six formulations were prepared by using vaseline, lanolin, glycerine and different types of crude propolis. According to physical examinations only the ointment formulations prepared with ethanolic propolis extracts at two different concentrations were found as successful. Successful formulation including 1:5 propolis: Ethanol extract was evaluated by physical controls, mechanic tests, antimicrobial tests and stability evaluation. Results showed that prepared propolis ointment has a creamy yellow colour with an acceptable odour, homogeny and a good spreadability texture and has a good stability at 40oC and 25oC and for 2 and 3 months respectively. And it presented mild antibacterial effects on E. coli and S. aureus strains, which was acceptable for a frequent use for cosmetic purposes. As a conclusion prepared propolis ointment can be a good candidate for a cosmetic ointment for skin nutrition and healing purposes.

The ameliorating approach of nanorobotics in the novel drug delivery systems: a mechanistic review.

Nanoscale robotics have the ability that it can productively transform multiple energy sources into motion and strength which reflects an expeditiously appearing and captivating area for research of robotics. In today's plethora, biomedical nanorobotics played an intricate character with numerous units of robots working at the pathological site in a coordinated manner. The synergistic action of the several nanorobotics has been employed for the fulfilment of the task such as large-scale detoxification, delivery of the large pharmacological/therapeutic efficacious payloads, etc. that is nearly unfeasible or unalterable practically by using single nanorobot. The collective intelligence of the nanorobot is advancing progressively at the nanoscale to reinforce their precision treatment potentially. Conclusively, after obtaining certain consideration regarding the nanorobotics sciences, many professionals are compendiously involving in the emerging highly efficacious therapeutic technology that encourages the scientist or designing of the tissues specific for the site-specific nanorobotic diagnostic devices. As a result, the closed and professional type between the field of Nanotechnology and Medical Sciences will provide another new highly oriented level to the domain of nanorobotics.

Design and in vivo evaluation of emulgel formulations including green tea extract and rose oil.

Prevention of skin aging and its treatment is an emerging field for development of new formulations in cosmetics. Accordingly, plant extracts with antioxidant properties are beneficial cosmetic ingredients for this purpose. This study was aimed at developing a stable and easily manufactured emulgel including green tea extract and rose oil that is effective on the barrier function and hydration of the skin. An emulgel formulation containing 20 % green tea extract and 5 % rose oil was designed as a result of pre-formulation studies. Physicochemical characterization, in vitro stability studies, in vivo water content of the stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss studies were carried out afterwards. In vivo studies on ten female subjects were evaluated by using non-invasive skin bioengineering techniques. Finally, a cosmetically acceptable, stable and effective emulgel formulation for skin barrier function with good hydrating properties was obtained for skin hydration, protection and anti-aging purposes.