RESUMO
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common variant of cutaneous chronic lupus erythematosus (CLE). Sun protection, topical corticosteroids, and antimalarials constitute the first-line options for treatment. In refractory cases, alternative antimalarials, methotrexate, retinoids, and thalidomide have been utilized. We present a case of an adolescent patient with generalized DLE responding rapidly to thalidomide.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêutico , Lúpus Eritematoso Discoide/tratamento farmacológico , Talidomida/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Giant basal cell carcinomas (GBCCs), (BCC ≥ 5 cm), are often painless, destructive tumors resulting from poorly understood patient neglect. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate etiopathogenic factors distinguishing GBCC from basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and identify predictors for disease-specific death (DSD). METHODS: Case-control study examining clinicopathologic and neuroactive factors (ß-endorphin, met-enkephalin, serotonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and neurofilament expression) in GBCC and BCC. Systematic literature review to determine DSD predictors. RESULTS: Thirteen GBCCs (11 patients) were compared with 26 BCCs (25 patients). GBCC significantly differed in size, disease duration, and outcomes; patients were significantly more likely to live alone, lack concern, and have alcoholism. GBCC significantly exhibited infiltrative/morpheic phenotypes, perineural invasion, ulceration, and faster growth. All neuromediators were similarly expressed. Adenoid phenotype was significantly more common in GBCC. Adenoid tumors expressed significantly more ß-endorphin (60% vs. 18%, P = 0.01) and serotonin (30% vs. 4%, P = 0.02). In meta-analysis (n ≤ 311: median age 68 years, disease duration 90 months, tumor diameter 8 cm, 18.4% disease-specific mortality), independent DSD predictors included tumor diameter (cm) (hazard ratio (HR): 1.12, P = 0.003), bone invasion (HR: 4.19, P = 0.015), brain invasion (HR: 8.23, P = 0.001), and distant metastases (HR: 14.48, P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: GBCC etiopathogenesis is multifactorial (ie, tumor biology, psychosocial factors). BCC production of paracrine neuromediators deserves further study.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Serotonina/biossíntese , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , beta-Endorfina/biossíntese , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/análise , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/biossíntese , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Basocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Basocelular/psicologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Encefalina Metionina/análise , Encefalina Metionina/biossíntese , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Serotonina/análise , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , beta-Endorfina/análiseRESUMO
Although most trainees in dermatology learn that different suturing techniques are designated for a specific purpose (i.e., certain functional and cosmetic outcomes), students often have a difficult time visualizing how a given suture functions in its designated capacity. In this article, we address the logic behind the most common suturing techniques in dermatologic surgery, including the direction and magnitude of their pulling force with respect to the wound edges and the ensuing displacement of dermal and epidermal structures. To aid better understanding, we diagram the vectors of suture force with each of the techniques discussed.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Dermatológicos , Derme/cirurgia , Epiderme/cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura , Hemostasia Cirúrgica , HumanosAssuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/imunologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/cirurgia , Cirurgia de Mohs , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Imunidade Adaptativa/fisiologia , Queimaduras/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Células de Langerhans/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/imunologia , Cicatrização/imunologiaRESUMO
Vasculitis associated with sarcoid granulomas is an uncommon phenomenon. A 72-year-old female presented with an expanding region of circumscribed alopecia and scalp atrophy of 2 months duration. Biopsy showed non-caseating granulomas, dermal thinning, loss of follicles, fibrosis and muscular vessels disrupted by mixed lymphocyte, macrophage and giant-cell infiltrates. Affected vessels had loss and fragmentation of the elastic lamina, fibrous replacement of their walls and luminal stenosis (endarteritis obliterans). Dermal and vascular advential intralymphatic granulomas and lymphangiectases were found by D2-40 expression, suggesting lymphatic obstruction and poor antigen clearance. No evidence of a post-zoster eruption, systemic sarcoidosis or systemic giant-cell arteritis was found. Two years later, prednisone had halted - but not reversed - progression of her alopecia. Review of the literature showed two types of vasculitis associated with sarcoid granulomas: (i) acute, self-limited leukocytoclastic vasculitis and (ii) chronic granulomatous vasculitis (GV). Persistence of non-degradable material or antigen contributes to the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation. In this case, lymphatic obstruction probably impeded clearance of nonimmunologic and/or immunologic stimuli permitting and sustaining the development of sarcoid granulomas and sarcoid GV, ultimately causing scarring alopecia and cutaneous atrophy.
Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas/patologia , Granuloma/patologia , Sarcoidose/patologia , Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Dermatopatias/patologia , Vasculite do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Vasculite/patologia , Aciclovir/administração & dosagem , Aciclovir/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Alopecia em Áreas/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/metabolismo , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Biópsia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Granuloma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Linfócitos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Sarcoidose/tratamento farmacológico , Couro Cabeludo/metabolismo , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/metabolismo , Valaciclovir , Valina/administração & dosagem , Valina/análogos & derivados , Vasculite/tratamento farmacológico , Vasculite do Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismoAssuntos
Nevo Pigmentado/congênito , Nevo Pigmentado/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/congênito , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Fator de Transcrição Associado à Microftalmia/metabolismo , Nevo Pigmentado/cirurgia , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Transcrição SOXE/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a premalignant lesion of the lips that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma and metastasize. Actinic cheilitis is difficult to treat because surgical treatments have significant adverse effects whereas less invasive procedures have uncertain efficacy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may offer a noninvasive yet effective treatment option for AC. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the safety and efficacy of PDT for AC. METHODS: The terms "photodynamic," "actinic," "solar," "cheilitis," and "cheilosis" were used in combinations to search the PubMed database. Studies were considered for inclusion based on eligibility criteria, and specific data were extracted from all studies. RESULTS: The authors identified 15 eligible case series encompassing a total of 242 treated subjects. Among studies that evaluated subjects for complete clinical response, 139 of 223 subjects (62%) showed complete response at final follow-ups ranging from 3 to 30 months. Among studies that evaluated subjects for histological outcome, 57 of 121 subjects (47%) demonstrated histological cure at final follow-ups ranging from 1.5 to 18 months. Cosmetic outcomes were good to excellent in the majority of subjects, and adverse events were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy is safe and has the potential to clinically and histologically treat AC, with a need for future randomized controlled trials.