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BACKGROUND: Increasing research examines social determinants of health, including structural oppression and discrimination. Microaggression - subtle/ambiguous slights against one's marginalized identity - is distinct from discrimination, which typically presents as overt and hostile. The current study investigated the comparative effects of each exposure on young adult anxiety, depression, and sleep. Race-stratified analyses investigated patterns across groups. METHODS: Young adults (N = 48,606) completed the Spring 2022 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III. Logistic regressions tested odds of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance in association with microaggression and discrimination exposure. RESULTS: Microaggression and discrimination equally predicted increased likelihood of anxiety symptoms (ORMicro = 1.42, ORDiscrim = 1.46). Discrimination more strongly predicted depressive symptoms (OR = 1.59) and sleep disturbance (OR = 1.54) than did microaggression (ORDepress = 1.24, ORSleep = 1.27). Race-stratified analyses indicated stronger associations between the each exposure and poor mental health in Whites than Asian American, Black/African American, and Hispanic or Latino/a/x respondents. LIMITATIONS: Microaggression and discrimination exposure were each assessed using a single item. The outcome measures were not assessed using validated measures of anxiety, depression, and sleep (e.g., GAD-7, MOS-SS); thus results should be interpreted with caution. Analyses were cross-sectional hindering our ability to make causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide preliminary evidence that microaggression and discrimination exposure operate on health in distinct ways. Racially marginalized individuals may demonstrate a blunted stress response relative to Whites. Treatment approaches must be tailored to the particular exposures facing affected individuals to maximize benefits.
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Agressão , Ansiedade , Depressão , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/etnologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/etnologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Agressão/psicologia , Adulto , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etnologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , Adolescente , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Schools and friendships represent important but distinct contexts for adolescent identity development. However, research has yet to explore the long-term interplay between these factors on ethnic/racial identity (ERI). This study included a sample of 640 adolescents from 9 public high schools in a diverse United States metropolis (Mage = 14.50, SD = 0.67; 44% Asian, 20% Black, 36% Latinx; female = 68%, male = 32%, non-binary = 0%). Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to investigate longitudinal associations in friendship ethnic/racial composition and ERI exploration. From the 9th-11th grades, same-race friends and ERI exploration increased linearly whereas friendship ethnic/racial diversity decreased linearly. Adolescents attending more ethnically/racially diverse schools maintained more ethnically/racially diverse friends over time but did not differ in changes in ERI exploration compared to adolescents in less diverse schools. There was no association between the rates at which adolescents' friendship ethnic/racial composition and ERI changed over time. More ethnically/racially diverse friends in the 9th-grade predicted faster increases in subsequent ERI exploration. The findings highlight important differences in the roles of friendship and school contexts on ERI, suggesting that friendship ethnic/racial diversity, but not school ethnic/racial diversity, facilitated ERI exploration over time. School ethnic/racial diversity did facilitate a slower decline in friendship ethnic/racial diversity, emphasizing the importance of school integration.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between discrimination by multiple sources (ie, teachers, students, and other adults) and early adolescents' behavioral problems (ie, internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems), also considering the protective role of parental warmth in the association. METHOD: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted with 3,245 early adolescents of color obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study) at year 1 follow-up (Y1), a large and diverse sample of children (mean age = 9.48 years) in the United States. Racially-ethnically minoritized adolescents reported sources of discrimination, parental warmth, and symptoms of psychopathology. Regression with interaction terms was conducted to investigate the associations among sources of discrimination, parental warmth, and behavioral problems among racially-ethnically minority adolescents. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine (1) race/ethnicity and sex/gender variations; (2) whether the associations between different sources of discrimination and behavioral problems were reliably different; and (3) effects of discrimination, parental warmth, and their interplay at Y1 in predicting adolescents' behavioral problems at year 2 follow-up. RESULTS: Early adolescents experiencing interpersonal racial-ethnic discrimination by multiple sources, including teachers, students, and other adults, reported higher levels of attention, internalizing, and externalizing problems. Parental warmth was protective for the association between interpersonal racial-ethnic discrimination and early adolescents' behavioral problems. CONCLUSION: Experiencing interpersonal racial-ethnic discrimination from teachers, peers, and other adults is related to heightened attention, internalizing, and externalizing problems among racially-ethnically minoritized early adolescents. Parental warmth may reduce the risk of developing behavioral problems among early adolescents who experience interpersonal racial-ethnic discrimination from students, teachers, and other adults outside of school. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT: We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list.
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The present 21-day daily diary study (conducted 2021-2022) tested anger and racism-related vigilance as potential transdiagnostic mediators linking exposure to racial and ethnic discrimination (RED) to distress (negative affect and stress, respectively). The data analytic sample included N = 317 Mexican-origin adolescents (Mage = 13.5 years; 50.8% male, 46.7% female; 2.5% non-binary) from the Midwestern United States. Results from longitudinal mediation models revealed significant mediation effects through anger and racism-related vigilance, respectively, in the association between daily RED and daily distress, both within and across adolescents. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed so that future work can leverage these novel findings toward promoting the well-being of Mexican-origin adolescents, especially those who live in contexts of ethnoracial adversity.
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Prior to the 2021 American Psychologist special issue "Rendered Invisible: Are Asian Americans a Model or a Marginalized Minority?" (Yip et al., 2021), only seven articles on Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations were published in the journal in 3 decades. The special issue interrogated sources of invisibility and marginalization of AANHPIs not only in the field of psychology but also in the broader national landscape. The current commentary provides a deeper dive into one of the primary drivers of AANHPI invisibility, anti-Asian biases encountered during the federal grant review process, which contributes to low funding rates and insufficient research on AANHPI communities. Despite comprising over 6% of the U.S. population, less than 1% of the National Institutes of Health's funding portfolio supports science on AANHPI populations. This qualitative study revealed thematic barriers encountered during National Institutes of Health grant reviews. A one-time survey was circulated to professional scientific networks to obtain open-ended responses regarding applicants' and reviewers' experiences proposing research with AANHPI samples, resulting in data from N = 16 respondents. Respondents were asked to indicate their role in the review process (e.g., investigator, applicant, reviewer, other) and to provide open-ended responses detailing experiences of bias. Thematic coding revealed six principal themes: (1) invalidation, (2) limited reviewer knowledge, (3) oppression Olympics, (4) White comparison groups, (5) model minority myth, and (6) homogeneity of AANHPI groups. Building off these themes, this commentary concludes with five actionable policy and institutional recommendations aimed at achieving a more inclusive national research enterprise for AANHPI investigators and communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Asiático , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Asiático/psicologia , Racismo , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/psicologia , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Financiamento GovernamentalRESUMO
The current study evaluated cultural values and family processes that may moderate associations between daily racial-ethnic discrimination and distress among Mexican-origin youth. Integrating micro-time (daily diary) and macro-time (longitudinal survey) research design features, we examined familism, family cohesion, and ethnic-racial socialization from youth-, mother-, and father- reports as potential buffers of daily associations between youth racial-ethnic discrimination and youth distress (negative affect and anger). The analytic sample, drawn from the Seguimos Avanzando study, included 317 Mexican-origin adolescents (Mage = 13.5 years) and their parents, recruited from the Midwestern United States. Results indicated that youth-reported familism and family cohesion significantly buffered daily associations between youth racial-ethnic discrimination and youth distress. In contrast, parent-reported familism and family cohesion and some aspects of ethnic-racial socialization exacerbated the discrimination to distress link. The implications of these results are discussed to inform efforts supporting the healthy development of Mexican-origin youth and their families.
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OBJECTIVE: An emerging literature suggests that sleep may play an important role in moderating the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adolescents. However, few if any studies have considered this topic among adults. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current study examined multiple sleep parameters as moderating variables in the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adults. METHODS: Participants were 874 adults residing in small towns and semirural contexts within the Southeastern region of the United States ( Mage = 41 years, SD = 7; 57% female; 31% Black, 69% White; 52% income-to-needs < 2). Sleep duration and night-to-night variability in duration were assessed using wrist actigraphy. Established self-report measures were used to assess global sleep problems, experiences of discrimination, and mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and externalizing symptoms). RESULTS: Experiences of discrimination were associated with more depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. Two out of three sleep parameters were found to moderate the effects of discrimination on mental health. The association between discrimination and externalizing problems (but not anxiety or depression) was attenuated among those with less night-to-night variability in sleep duration. The associations between discrimination and anxiety and externalizing problems (but not depression) were attenuated among those with fewer global sleep problems. Less variability in sleep duration and fewer global sleep problems were also directly associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS: Greater consistency in sleep duration from night-to-night, and fewer overall sleep problems appear to mitigate risk of mental health problems among adults, particularly in contexts where discrimination is prevalent.
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Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Actigrafia , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate longitudinal, bidirectional associations between discrimination due to multiple reasons (race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, weight; termed multiple discrimination) and substance use (SU) intention in late childhood. These associations were compared across youth with no, single, and multiple (i.e., intersecting) marginalized identities based on race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and overweight status. METHODS: Data were drawn from a national sample of youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N = 8,530; 9-12 years old). Youth reported both their experiences of multiple discrimination (the number of forms of discrimination youth experienced) and SU intention at one-year and two-year follow-ups. Theoretically relevant covariates were included. RESULTS: Compared to non-marginalized youth (n = 2,689) and youth with single marginalized identities (n = 3,399), youth with intersecting marginalized identities (n = 2,442) reported the highest SU intention and multiple discrimination across waves. Only for this last group, multiple discrimination predicted stronger SU intention subsequently (ß = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [0.02, 0.11]), whereas stronger SU intention predicted lower levels of multiple discrimination over time (ß = -0.06, 95% confidence interval [-0.09, -0.02]). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar patterns with some nuances among subgroups of youth with varying intersecting marginalized identities. DISCUSSION: Multiple discrimination predicted stronger SU intention over time in late childhood, particularly among youth with intersecting marginalized identities. Policies and practices should consider addressing multiple discrimination to reduce SU disparities among diverse youth.
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Intenção , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Adolescente , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Research is needed to examine discrimination-related stressors and their social and psychological shaping of mental health and sleep outcomes of Latinx youth. The background, design, and methodology of a longitudinal study of Mexican families in Indiana and the initial findings of associations between discrimination-related stressors and youth mental health and sleep outcomes are presented. METHOD: Initiating wave 1 of a 3-wave (yearly) longitudinal study, investigators surveyed an ethnically homogeneous sample of 344 Mexican-origin adolescents (ages 12-15) and their primary caregivers, assessing risks and protective factors for mental health and sleep outcomes. Youth also completed a one-time 21-day daily diary after wave 1. Self-reported measures of youth mental health, sleep, and discrimination across wave 1 and the daily diary were evaluated to compare the cross-sectional (wave 1) and daily associations between discrimination and youth mental health and sleep outcomes. RESULTS: Of youth, 88.1% reported at least one incident of lifetime discrimination. Almost one-third had elevated depressive symptoms, 44.5% had probable generalized anxiety disorder, and 50.9% had poor sleep quality. Between-youth correlations at wave 1 and in the daily diary were consistent in that perceived racial discrimination was positively correlated with worse mental health and poorer sleep quality. Smaller within-youth correlations were observed in the daily diary, but there was striking variability in the effect of discrimination across youth. CONCLUSION: The present results illustrate the powerful methods of combining yearly and daily time data to investigate how and for whom discrimination-related stressors lead to adverse outcomes. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT: We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Seguimos Avanzando - Latino Youth Coping With Discrimination; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT04875208.
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This study aimed to (1) identify differences in sleep patterns between Filipino migrants and non-migrants across 2 years and (2) explore the impact of discrimination trajectories on sleep trajectories. The Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES) consisted of a migrant (n = 832) and non-migrant cohort (n = 805), with baseline data collected in the Philippines. Both cohorts were followed longitudinally, with the non-migrants followed in the Philippines and the migrant cohort followed to the United States. Sleep duration, quality, and difficulty were assessed with the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) inventory, and discrimination was measured with an adapted version of the Everyday Discrimination scale. Migrants reported a faster decline in sleep duration (- 12 min a year) but higher sleep quality than non-migrants over 2 years. Migrants who reported high initial levels of everyday discrimination also reported faster declines in sleep duration and a slower decline in sleep difficulty. Further, migrants who reported stable (versus declining) levels of discrimination over 2 years reported a faster decline in sleep quality. These results speak to the complexity of immigrant health patterns and long-term associations between discrimination and sleep processes.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Humanos , Povo Asiático , Filipinas , Sono , Estados UnidosRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study sought to examine whether the daily associations between ethnic/racial discrimination and stress responses served as mediators linking ethnic/racial identity (ERI), adolescent sleep health, and somatic symptoms. METHODS: Data were drawn from 279 adolescents of color (69% female; 24% African Americans; 31% Asian Americans; 41% Latinx; and 4% unknown ethnicity/race; Mage = 14.31 years, SD = 0.65). Adolescents first completed an online survey about ERI exploration and commitment; and then 14-day diaries on ethnic/racial discrimination and stress responses (i.e., rumination and problem-solving coping), and finally, a post-diary survey about sleep and somatic health over the past two weeks. This study adopts slope-as-mediator mediation modeling, a novel approach highlighting the role of daily-level experiences in developmental processes by examining the day-to-day association between two variables as an explanatory mechanism. RESULTS: The daily associations between ethnic/racial discrimination and two stress responses significantly mediated the link between ERI exploration and adolescents' subsequent sleep and somatic health. For ERI commitment, only the mediating pathway of the association between ethnic/racial discrimination and problem-solving coping was significant. DISCUSSION: Daily responses to ethnic/racial discrimination, both adaptively and maladaptively, could in part explain the association between ERI exploration and adolescent health. Active participation in cultural activities may increase adaptive responses to ethnic/racial discrimination; meanwhile, uncertainty about ERI may lead to maladaptive reactions such as rumination. For ERI commitment, only problem-solving coping with ethnic/racial discrimination mediated the links to health outcomes, an observation possibly explained by the benefits of holding a strong sense of commitment to ERI.
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Nível de Saúde , Racismo , Sono , Identificação Social , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Etnicidade , Asiático , Hispânico ou LatinoRESUMO
Costs of implementing genomic testing innovations extend beyond the cost of sequencing, affecting personnel and infrastructure for which little data are available. We developed a time and motion (T&M) study within the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research (CSER) consortium to address this gap, and herein describe challenges of conducting T&M studies within a research consortium and the approaches we developed to overcome them. CSER investigators created a subgroup to carry out the T&M study (authors). We describe logistical and administrative challenges associated with resource use data collection across heterogeneous projects conducted in real-world clinical settings, and our solutions for completing this study and harmonizing data across projects. We delineate processes for feasible data collection on workflow, personnel, and resources required to deliver genetic testing innovations in each CSER project. A critical early step involved developing detailed project-specific process flow diagrams of innovation implementation in projects' clinical settings. Analyzing diagrams across sites, we identified common process-step themes, used to organize project-specific data collection and cross-project analysis. Given the heterogeneity of innovations, study design, and workflows, which affect resources required to deliver genetic testing innovations, flexibility was necessary to harmonize data collection. Despite its challenges, this heterogeneity provides rich insights about variation in clinical processes and resource implications for implementing genetic testing innovations.
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Motivação , Assistência ao Paciente , Humanos , Estudos de Tempo e Movimento , Testes GenéticosRESUMO
Robert M. Sellers, PhD, most known for his influential and highly cited Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI), is one of the most prolific and foundational Black scholars in psychology. From racial identity theory development and measurement to conceptual and methodological innovations in studying the lived experiences of Black people, Sellers' scholarship centers on the lives of Black communities. Sellers' mentorship and contributions to the professional development of scholars and professionals of color have supported and catalyzed new intergenerational knowledge building by these scholars, ensuring a perpetuating and far-reaching legacy in psychology. In this article, we: (a) celebrate Sellers' enduring contribution to the racial identity literature and its profound impact on psychology as a discipline as well as numerous subfields of psychology, (b) outline his contributions to the racial socialization literature, (c) describe methodological innovations in racial identity and racial socialization research advanced through his scholarship, and (d) summarize his contributions in professional development and mentorship and his leadership roles. Sellers' scholarly contributions and mentorship have transformed the discipline of psychology and the social sciences broadly speaking, making him one of the most influential psychologists in the modern era. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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População Negra , Modelos Psicológicos , Teoria Psicológica , Psicologia , Identificação Social , Ciências Sociais , Humanos , População Negra/psicologia , Conhecimento , Liderança , Mentores , Psicologia/história , Grupos Raciais/psicologia , Ciências Sociais/história , SocializaçãoRESUMO
The diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (ES) has primarily been evaluated in individuals of European ancestry, with less focus on underrepresented minority (URM) and underserved (US) patients. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of ES in a cohort of predominantly US and URM pediatric and prenatal patients suspected to have a genetic disorder. Eligible pediatric patients had multiple congenital anomalies and/or neurocognitive disabilities and prenatal patients had one or more structural anomalies, disorders of fetal growth, or fetal effusions. URM and US patients were prioritized for enrollment and underwent ES at a single academic center. We identified definitive positive or probable positive results in 201/845 (23.8%) patients, with a significantly higher diagnostic rate in pediatric (26.7%) compared to prenatal patients (19.0%) (P = 0.01). For both pediatric and prenatal patients, the diagnostic yield and frequency of inconclusive findings did not differ significantly between URM and non-URM patients or between patients with US status and those without US status. Our results demonstrate a similar diagnostic yield of ES between prenatal and pediatric URM/US patients and non-URM/US patients for positive and inconclusive results. These data support the use of ES to identify clinically relevant variants in patients from diverse populations.
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PURPOSE: Accurate and understandable information after genetic testing is critical for patients, family members, and professionals alike. METHODS: As part of a cross-site study from the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research consortium, we investigated the information-seeking practices among patients and family members at 5 to 7 months after genetic testing results disclosure, assessing the perceived utility of a variety of information sources, such as family and friends, health care providers, support groups, and the internet. RESULTS: We found that individuals placed a high value on information obtained from genetics professionals and health care workers, independent of genetic testing result case classifications as positive, inconclusive, or negative. The internet was also highly utilized and ranked. Study participants rated some information sources as more useful for positive results compared with inconclusive or negative outcomes, emphasizing that it may be difficult to identify helpful information for individuals receiving an uncertain or negative result. There were few data from non-English speakers, highlighting the need to develop strategies to reach this population. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the need for clinicians to provide accurate and comprehensible information to individuals from diverse populations after genetic testing.
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Testes Genéticos , Comportamento de Busca de Informação , Humanos , Grupos Populacionais , Incerteza , FamíliaRESUMO
Increasing use of unbiased genomic sequencing in critically ill infants can expand understanding of rare diseases such as Kabuki syndrome (KS). Infants diagnosed with KS through genome-wide sequencing performed during the initial hospitalization underwent retrospective review of medical records. Human phenotype ontology terms used in genomic analysis were aggregated and analyzed. Clinicians were surveyed regarding changes in management and other care changes. Fifteen infants met inclusion criteria. KS was not suspected prior to genomic sequencing. Variants were classified as Pathogenic (n = 10) or Likely Pathogenic (n = 5) by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Guidelines. Fourteen variants were de novo (KMT2D, n = 12, KDM6A, n = 2). One infant inherited a likely pathogenic variant in KMT2D from an affected father. Frequent findings involved cardiovascular (14/15) and renal (7/15) systems, with palatal defects also identified (6/15). Three infants had non-immune hydrops. No minor anomalies were universally documented; ear anomalies, micrognathia, redundant nuchal skin, and hypoplastic nails were common. Changes in management were reported in 14 infants. Early use of unbiased genome-wide sequencing enabled a molecular diagnosis prior to clinical recognition including infants with atypical or rarely reported features of KS while also expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this rare disorder.
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Anormalidades Múltiplas , Doenças Hematológicas , Doenças Vestibulares , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Face/anormalidades , Doenças Hematológicas/genética , Doenças Vestibulares/genética , Fenótipo , Histona Desmetilases/genéticaRESUMO
TRAPPC9 loss-of-function biallelic variants are associated with an autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome (Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man no. 613192), also characterized by microcephaly, hypertelorism, obesity, growth delay, and behavioral differences. Here, we describe an 8-year-old Hispanic female with neurodevelopmental disorder, partial epilepsy, microcephaly, bilateral cleft lip and alveolus, growth delay, and dysmorphic features. She had abnormal myelination, mega cisterna magna, and colpocephaly on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Microarray showed a single ~146 Mb region of homozygosity (ROH) encompassing all of Chromosome 8, consistent with uniparental isodisomy (UPD). Exome sequencing performed in-house did not identify single nucleotide variants to explain her phenotype. Algorithms developed in-house and further evaluation of BAM files revealed a homozygous deletion overlapping Exon 2 in TRAPPC9 within the ROH. Subsequent del/dup analyses with exon-level oligo array confirmed a likely pathogenic deletion in TRAPPC9 (NM_031466.5): arr[GRCh37] 8q24.3(141460661_141461780)x0. Our case highlights the implications of downstream analyses from UPD/ROH given the increased risk for AR conditions, the strengths of combining orthologous molecular methods to establish a diagnosis and further delineates the TRAPPC9-related phenotype in an individual of Hispanic ancestry.
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Deficiência Intelectual , Microcefalia , Feminino , Humanos , Dissomia Uniparental , Microcefalia/genética , Homozigoto , Deleção de Sequência , Deficiência Intelectual/genéticaRESUMO
This study investigates how sleep regularity moderates the association between ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among diverse adolescents. The study included a 14-day, daily diary and actigraphy study of ninth-grade adolescents in the United States (N = 265; mean [SD] age 15.26 [0.62] years, 41.51% Asian, 21.13% Black, 37.35% Latinx, 71.32% female) who completed measures of demographic information and ethnic/racial discrimination (Daily Life Experiences Racism and Bother subscale). Sleep data were collected for 14 consecutive days with wrist actigraphy, and sleep regularity was calculated using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Academic grades were provided by the Department of Education. Discrimination frequency was associated with lower academic grades, and the SRI moderated this association. Compared to adolescents who had moderate and regular SRI profiles, adolescents with irregular SRI (i.e., lower sleep regularity) had stronger negative associations between discrimination and grades. On the other hand, for adolescents who had moderate to high sleep regularity, there was no significant association between discrimination and grades. This study underscores the importance of sleep regularity for adolescents' academic achievement.
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Racismo , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Masculino , SonoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: U.S. young adult racial minorities have been disproportionately impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in rates of infection and morbidity. Prepandemic racial discrimination has been associated with depression and general anxiety. However, the effect of coronavirus-specific forms of discrimination on mental health has not been examined. This study assessed the effect of social determinants of mental health and COVID-19-specific victimization and racial bias beliefs on depression and anxiety among young adults of color in the U.S. METHOD: A national online survey of 399 American Indian/Alaskan Natives, Asian, Black, and Latinx adults (18-25 years) included demographic variables, COVID-19-health risks, and standardized measures of depression, anxiety, coronavirus-related victimization distress and perceptions of coronavirus-related racial bias across a range of contexts. RESULTS: Employment, financial and prescription insecurity, COVID-19-health risks, coronavirus-victimization distress and coronavirus racial bias beliefs were positively correlated with depression and anxiety. Scores on the Coronavirus Racial Bias Scale were significantly higher among Asian and Black respondents. Structural equation modeling controlling for race/ethnicity and demographic variables indicated coronavirus racial bias mediated the effect of coronavirus victimization distress on both mental health indices. CONCLUSION: Results suggest the COVID-19 pandemic has created new pathways to mental health disparities among young adults of color by reversing formerly protective factors such as employment, and by exacerbating structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of creating mental health services tailored to the specific needs of racial minorities during the current and future health crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).