Antiperiodontitis Effects of Siegesbeckia glabrescens In Vitro.

Siegesbeckia glabrescens is generally grown in fields or roadsides in Korea and used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The effects of S. glabrescens on periodontitis are unknown. In this study, we determined the effects of an S. glabrescens 30% EtOH extract (SGE) on periodontitis and analyzed the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and SOD), antimicrobial (disc diffusion, MIC, and MBC), inhibition of GTFs, biofilm formation, and the anti-inflammation of lipopolysaccharide from P. gingivalis (LPS-PG)-induced primary equine periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). We report that SGE increased DPPH, ABTS, and SOD antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. SGE caused a clear zone with a diameter of 15 mm or more against periodontal pathogens. SGE (2.50 mg/mL) inhibited GTFs and biofilm by 89.07% and 85.40%, respectively. SGE treatment (100 µg/mL) also significantly decreased the secretion of inflammatory mediators in sensitized PDLF, including cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, -8, -9, and -13. Overall, we confirmed that SGE had excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects against periodontal pathogens. These results suggest that it has the potential to develop as a prophylactic agent for periodontitis.

Rosa davurica inhibits skin photoaging via regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in UVB-irradiated HaCaTs.

Rosa davurica is widely used to treat various kinds of diseases because of its high antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. This use of plant-based materials as medicine is called phytomedicine and has been widely practiced since time immemorial. However, the pharmacological mechanism of R. davurica in skin photoaging is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the recovery effects of R. davurica leaf extracts (RDE) in UVB-irradiated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and investigate whether RDE is a potential therapeutic agent against skin photoaging. The expression of aging-related markers including mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) was evaluated using Western blot analysis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also used by FACS in HaCaTs. Findings indicated that RDE is efficient in scavenging free radicals and dose-dependently reducing ROS generation. Furthermore, RDE notably decreased UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression through inhibition of MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways as well as induced blocking of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in UVB-irradiated HaCaTs. In addition, RDE improved Nrf2/HO-1 signaling that increases oxidative defense capacity and enhances transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) signaling activation to promote procollagen type I synthesis, relieving UVB-induced skin cell damage. In conclusion, the protective effects of RDE on skin cellular components suggest that it has a high biological potential for skin protection from UVB-induced skin photoaging and is a good candidate for drug and cosmetic application.