Clinical study of sodium bicarbonated Ringer's solution on fluid resuscitation of patients with hemorrhagic shock.

OBJECTIVE: Fluid resuscitation is a crucial step in shock treatment, but the choice of crystal solution remains controversial. Sodium bicarbonated Ringer's solution can not only effectively expand blood volume, but also reduce tissue damage and acidosis. The study aims to evaluate the resuscitation effect of sodium bicarbonated Ringer's solution on patients with hemorrhagic shock. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 96 patients with hemorrhagic shock were randomly assigned to receive either normal saline solution (control group) or sodium bicarbonated Ringer's solution (experimental group). The changes in blood lactate, heart rate, arterial pH and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at different time points. The 28-day survival rate, the incidence of complications, and the average length of hospital stay were recorded. Simult RESULTS: The heart rate, blood lactate, sodium, and chloride in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the MAP, potential of hydrogen (pH), bicarbonate, and base excess in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group at every observed time point after resuscitation (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a lower incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (8.3% vs. 22.9%, p<0.05), shorter mechanical ventilation time (2.2 vs. 3.5, p<0.05), and shorter intensive care unit length of stay (3.8 vs. 4.1, p<0.05). The 28-day survival rate between the two groups showed no significant differences (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early resuscitation with sodium bicarbonated Ringer's solution could better maintain acid-base balance and hemodynamic stability and reduce the risk of related complications.

Activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase contributes to ischemia reperfusion in rat brain.

Inflammation plays an important role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion, which can cause severe damage to the brain and may lead to cerebral hemorrhage transformation. p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38mapk) has been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases because it is a cause of inflammation, but comparatively little research has been carried out into its role in the etiology of ischemia reperfusion. We investigated the expression of p38mapk in cerebral ischemia reperfusion to gain a better understanding of its potential role in hemorrhagic transformation (HT). One hundred rats were randomly divided into three groups: an ischemia reperfusion group, an ischemia group, and a sham-operated group. We carried out neurological deficit assessments, infarct volume measurements, histopathological examinations, and immunohistochemistry analyses. p38mapk was overexpressed in the ischemia reperfusion group, which exhibited severe tissue damage and greater edema than the other two groups. These results suggest that p38mapk plays an important role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and may be one of the causes of HT.

Chemical synthesis of Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B nanocomposites.

High exchange-coupled Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B nanocomposites were synthesized by an integrative procedure of thermal decomposition and reductive annealing processes. The molar ratio of the resulting products of Nd/Fe/B can be tuned by adjusting the raw material proportion. The as-prepared nanocomposites exhibited an exchanged coupled effect with a large coercivity of 11 100 Gs, enhanced remanence Mr of 42.0 emu g(-1), and Mr/M3T of 0.59.

Interleukin-10 polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia.

We investigated the association between polymorphisms in interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082G/A (rs1800896), -819T/C (rs1800871), and -592A/C (rs1800872) and the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a Chinese population. A total of 167 primary AML cases and 328 healthy control subjects were recruited at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province between March 2009 and January 2012. The polymorphisms rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate regression analyses showed that subjects carrying the rs1800871 CC genotype and C allele had a significantly increased risk of AML, with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.72 (1.01-2.97) and 1.38 (1.04-1.81), respectively. Those carrying the rs1800872 G allele had a slightly increased risk of AML, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.30 (1.01-1.72). Moreover, genotyping results demonstrated that subjects carrying both the rs1800871 C allele and rs1800872 G allele had a moderately increased risk of AML, indicating that the 2 genotypes had a synergistic effect on AML risk (odds ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.24- 3.15). Our results demonstrated that polymorphisms in rs1800871 and rs1800872 enhance the risk of AML, and these 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms have a synergistic effect on AML risk.

Association of ulcerative colitis with TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene polymorphisms and plasma soluble TRAIL levels in Chinese Han population.

OBJECTIVE: The precise etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unknown although dysregulation of apoptosis likely plays an important role in this pathogenesis. However, the significance of mucosal T-cell apoptosis in ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear. In the present work we investigated the role of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is implicated in various human disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Results from a total of 393 UC patients and 1292 healthy individuals were analyzed in this study. We determined the three single nucleotide polymorphisms of TRAIL in 3' untranslated regions (UTR), and examined the plasma soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: We found that the mutant genotypes of TRAIL (G1525A/G1588A/C1595T and G1525A and G1588A) were much lower in UC patients compared to the controls. Furthermore, mutant allele and genotype of TRAIL C1595T were more prevalent in severe UC patients than in other patients (p < 0.001; p = 0.005, respectively). The three polymorphic sites in 3'UTR were in a perfect linkage disequilibrium in our study. In contrast to controls, the GAT haplotype was increased (p < 0.001), while the AAT haplotype was decreased in UC patients (p < 0.001). Besides, the plasma levels of sTRAIL were significantly higher in UC patients than in controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that increased occurrence of the genetic mutations of TRAIL in 3'UTR and possibly decreased plasma levels of sTRAIL might lead to a lower risk of UC attack in Chinese patients.

An improved polymerase chain reaction method for genetic testing of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.

The development of a reliable PCR assay for genetic testing of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Touchdown PCR conditions were tested and different primer sets were evaluated with genomic DNA from blood sample of patients suffering from spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). An improved PCR assay was developed with a new set of primers and using the optimized touchdown PCR protocol. This new assay had been successfully employed in the screening of one identificated SCA3 family. Results from the present study document a simple and reliable PCR assay for genetic testing of SCA3. Strategies used in the present study may find applications in the optimization of PCR assay for triplet expansion with GC rich in the sequence context.

Study of the spectrophotometric analysis of protein solution with p-iodochlorophosphonazo as adsorbate by the microphase adsorption-spectral correction technique.

A microphase adsorption-spectral correction (MPASC) technique was established, which consists of Langmuir adsorption and the spectral correction technique. The hypothesis of a microelectric field formed in macromolecules is proposed, the existence of which results in the adsorption and aggregation of dye molecules in macromolecules. This paper describes the spectrophotometric analysis of protein solution with p-iodochlorophosphonazo (p-ICPA) dye. The results showed that the adsorption ratios of p-ICPA to proteins (bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, myoglobin and gamma-globulin) at pH 2.56 were 54, 25, 14 and 90, respectively, their adsorption constants 2.86 x 10(5), 1.42 x 10(6), 2.38 x 10(5) and 1.09 x 10(5) and their absorptivities 8.00 x 10(5), 4.02 x 10(5), 1.77 x 10(5) and 1.15 x 10(6) l mol-1 cm-1 at 620 nm. The analysis of practical samples showed that the recovery of protein was between 92.3 and 108% and the relative standard deviation was 4.7%.

[Clinical research on arteriovenous internal fistula made by various blood vessels].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the permeability and incidence rate of complication of arteriovenous internal fistula made by autogenous, homologous, and artificial Teflon blood vessels. METHODS: Two hundred and forty one cases with arteriovenous internal fistula made by autogenous, homologous, and artificial Teflon blood vessels were followed up to compare the permeability and incidence rate of complication at 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years. RESULTS: The incidence rate of complication of autogenous blood vessels was lowest, it had no statistical differences compared with arteriovenous internal fistula made by homologous blood vessels. The permeability of arteriovenous internal fistula made by homologous blood vessels was highest, and it had no statistical differences compared with autogenous blood vessels. The permeability of arteriovenous internal fistula made by artificial Teflon blood vessels was lowest, but the incidence rate of complication was highest, and it had significantly statistical differences compared with arteriovenous internal fistula made by autogenous blood vessels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Arteriovenous internal fistulas made by autogenous and homologous blood vessels have high permeability and low incidence rate of complication, they are superior to the arteriovenous internal fistula made by artificial Teflon blood vessels.

New sequential external counterpulsation for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.

Over a period of 6 years, 52 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were treated with sequenced external counterpulsation (SECP). Of the 23 patients who experienced severe chest pain, 22 had complete relief within 30 min of SECP, and 31 of the 52 patients showed remarkable improvement in their electrocardiogram after the first hour of treatment. Fifteen patients were studied using the 35-lead ST segment elevation-mapping method. sigma ST and NST, indicators of infarct size, showed decreasing trends in seven patients treated with SECP for a period of 6 days, whereas sigma ST and NST of the control group of eight patients increased during the same period. Our hemodynamic data indicate that in four of five patients with AMI and left heart failure, the central venous pressure and cardiac output increased after SECP, whereas the pulmonary wedge pressure decreased. Measurements of the P-wave terminal force of lead V1 also demonstrated that the application of SECP can improve left ventricular function in a majority of patients with AMI.

Sequential external counterpulsation (SECP) in China.

A new SECP was developed and is currently successfully used in more than 120 clinics in China. This sequenced counterpulsation device has the effect of milking more blood as pressure is applied on the extremities in succession (first distally then proximally) and in decreasing values (265 to 200 mm Hg). In comparison of the 4 types of counterpulsation, namely nonsequenced leg and 4 limb counterpulsation, and sequenced 4 limb and 4 limb with buttock balloons, the SECP with buttock balloons method raised the DA to appreciably higher levels with respect to DA amplitude and area. DA was raised 43.9% higher than that obtained with 4 limb SECP alone. From our experimental and clinical results, we conclude that SECP with buttock balloons is a far more effective method providing greater diastolic augmentation than previously reported in the literature. Two hundred angina and 52 AMI patients who had undergone the SECP treatment constitute the basis of this report. The present work represents an analysis of 6 yrs experience with studies on the design, development and clinical evaluation of the SECP method. Ninety-seven percent of the angina patients obtained long-term symptomatic relief. Relapse was minimal. In 95.7% of the AMI patients chest pain or shock symptoms were rapidly relieved. SECP with high DA appears to be very effective in improving myocardial blood supply and ventricular function. Moreover, the simplicity and advantages of this noninvasive sequenced counterpulsation method have been reported (1063 cases) from 31 clinics in China. This method is convenient, safe, and far more effective than conventional drug therapy for patients with acute and chronic ischemic myocardial disease.