RESUMO
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO)-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors have proven to attenuate 5-LO pathway activity and leukotriene production in human clinical trials. However, previous clinical candidates have been discontinued and the link between FLAP inhibition and outcome in inflammatory diseases remains to be established. We here describe a novel series of FLAP inhibitors identified from a screen of 10k compounds and the medicinal chemistry strategies undertaken to progress this series. Compound 4i showed good overall properties and a pIC50 hWBfree of 8.1 and an lipophilic ligand efficiency of 5.2. Target engagement for 4i was established in dogs using ex vivo measurement of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in blood with good correlation to in vitro potency. A predicted human dose of 280 mg b.i.d. suggests a wide margin to any identified in vitro off-target effects and sufficient exposure to achieve an 80% reduction of LTB4 levels in humans. Compound 4i is progressed to preclinical in vivo safety studies.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Proteína Ativadora de 5-Lipoxigenase/farmacologia , Cicloexanos/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Inibidores da Proteína Ativadora de 5-Lipoxigenase/síntese química , Inibidores da Proteína Ativadora de 5-Lipoxigenase/toxicidade , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Cicloexanos/síntese química , Cicloexanos/toxicidade , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Leucotrieno B4/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/toxicidade , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The mechanism-based risk for hyperkalemia has limited the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) like eplerenone in cardio-renal diseases. Here, we describe the structure and property-driven lead generation and optimization, which resulted in identification of MR modulators ( S)-1 and ( S)-33. Both compounds were partial MRAs but still demonstrated equally efficacious organ protection as eplerenone after 4 weeks of treatment in uni-nephrectomized rats on high-salt diet and aldosterone infusion. Importantly, and in sharp contrast to eplerenone, this was achieved without substantial changes to the urine Na+/K+ ratio after acute treatment in rat, which predicts a reduced risk for hyperkalemia. This work led to selection of ( S)-1 (AZD9977) as the clinical candidate for treating MR-mediated cardio-renal diseases, including chronic kidney disease and heart failure. On the basis of our findings, we propose an empirical model for prediction of compounds with low risk of affecting the urinary Na+/K+ ratio in vivo.
Assuntos
Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/farmacologia , Oxazinas/farmacologia , Potássio/metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Sódio/metabolismo , Animais , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/síntese química , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Oxazinas/síntese química , Oxazinas/metabolismo , Potássio/urina , Substâncias Protetoras/síntese química , Substâncias Protetoras/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Sódio/urina , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of isoindolinone compounds have been developed showing good in vitro potency on the Kv1.5 ion channel. By modification of two side chains on the isoindolinone scaffold, metabolically stable compounds with good in vivo PK profile could be obtained leaving the core structure unsubstituted. In this way, low microsomal intrinsic clearance (CLint) could be achieved despite a relatively high logD. The compounds were synthesized using the Ugi reaction, in some cases followed by Suzuki and Diels-Alder reactions, giving a diverse set of compounds in a small number of reaction steps.
Assuntos
Isoindóis/farmacologia , Canal de Potássio Kv1.5/antagonistas & inibidores , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Isoindóis/síntese química , Isoindóis/química , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Estrutura Molecular , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/síntese química , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
GPR103, a G-protein coupled receptor, has been reported to have orexigenic properties through activation by the endogenous neuropeptide ligands QRFP26 and QRFP43. Recognizing that central administration of QRFP26 and QRFP43 increases high fat food intake in rats, we decided to investigate if antagonists of GPR103 could play a role in managing feeding behaviors. Here we present the development of a new series of pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines as GPR103 small molecule antagonists with GPR103 affinity, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and safety parameters suitable for drug development. In a preclinical obesity model measuring food intake, the anorexigenic effect of a pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine GPR103 antagonist was demonstrated. In addition, the dynamic 3D solution structure of the C-terminal heptapeptide of the endogenous agonist QRFP26(20-26) was determined using NMR. The synthetic pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine antagonists were compared to this experimental structure, which displayed a possible overlay of pharmacophore features supportive for further design of GPR103 antagonists.
Assuntos
Arginina/química , Desenho de Fármacos , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Fenilalanina/química , Piridinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidores , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Oligopeptídeos/química , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/química , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of lactam sulfonamides has been discovered and optimized as inhibitors of the Kv1.5 potassium ion channel for treatment of atrial fibrillation. In vitro structure-activity relationships from lead structure C to optimized structure 3y are described. Compound 3y was evaluated in a rabbit PD-model and was found to selectively prolong the atrial effective refractory period at submicromolar concentrations.
Assuntos
Canal de Potássio Kv1.5/antagonistas & inibidores , Lactamas/química , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/química , Pirrolidinonas/química , Sulfonamidas/química , Animais , Cães , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Canal de Potássio Kv1.5/metabolismo , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/síntese química , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/farmacocinética , Pirrolidinonas/síntese química , Pirrolidinonas/farmacocinética , Coelhos , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
[Acyl CoA]monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) is of interest as a target for therapeutic treatment of diabetes, obesity and other diseases which together constitute the metabolic syndrome. In this Letter we report our discovery and optimisation of a novel series of MGAT2 inhibitors. The development of the SAR of the series and a detailed discussion around some key parameters monitored and addressed during the lead generation phase will be given. The in vivo results from an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) using the MGAT2 inhibitor (S)-10, shows a significant reduction (68% inhibition relative to naÑve, p<0.01) in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration.
Assuntos
Aciltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Aciltransferases/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Camundongos , Nanoestruturas/química , Povidona/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
Structure-based evolution of the original fragment leads resulted in the identification of 4-[2-hydroxyethyl(1-naphthylmethyl)amino]-6-[(2S)-2-methylmorpholin-4-yl]-1H-pyrimidin-2-one, (S)-21, a potent, selective phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) p110ß isoform inhibitor with favourable in vivo antiplatelet effect. Despite its antiplatelet action, (S)-21 did not significantly increase bleeding time in dogs. Additionally, due to its enhanced selectivity over p110α, (S)-21 did not induce any insulin resistance in rats.
Assuntos
1-Fosfatidilinositol 4-Quinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Fibrinolíticos/síntese química , Fibrinolíticos/farmacologia , Morfolinas/síntese química , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Animais , Tempo de Sangramento , Cães , Fibrinolíticos/química , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Resistência à Insulina , Estrutura Molecular , Morfolinas/química , Pirimidinonas/química , RatosRESUMO
The discovery of 4-morpholino-pyrimidin-6-one and 4-morpholino-pyrimidin-2-one-containing inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) p110ß isoform is reported. Structure-based optimisation of the original fragment hit resulted in lead compounds with improvements in ligand efficiency, lipophilicity efficiency, p110ß potency and selectivity over p110α.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Modelos Moleculares , Morfolinas/síntese química , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/síntese química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Efficient and unusually concise total syntheses of both enantiomers of the Aspidosperma alkaloids 4-desacetoxy-6,7-dihydrovindorosine (12) and minovine (1) are detailed. A tandem intramolecular Diels-Alder/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole 8, in which three new rings, four new C-C bonds, and five stereocenters are formed, is a key step in the sequence. The availability of optically active material permitted an assessment of the enantiomeric integrity of minovine and the source of its reported unusual optical rotation. [Reaction: see text]