RESUMO
This research explores ultrastructural changes of arachnoid granulations associated with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage in cynomolgus monkeys. It provides a theoretical basis for further study of the etiology and prevention of hydrocephalus. Female cynomolgus monkeys about one-year-old were selected. The position range of arachnoid granulations in superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus was determined in a randomly selected control monkey. The morphology of normal arachnoid granulations in cynomolgus monkeys was observed under a transmission electron microscope. A primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage was established by injecting autologous blood into cisterna magna. Vomiting, movement disorder, and reduced level of consciousness were gradually observed in monkeys. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan results confirmed subarachnoid hemorrhage and hydrocephalus, and the morphology of arachnoid granulations in hydrocephalus was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Extensive fibrosis of arachnoid granulations was observed under a transmission electron microscope in cynomolgus monkeys with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Assuntos
Aracnoide-Máter/patologia , Hidrocefalia/patologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/patologia , Animais , Aracnoide-Máter/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fibrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibrose/patologia , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Macaca fascicularis , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
In this study, we analyzed the prognostic value of epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) in terms of overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the association between its expression and DNA methylation.Bioinformatic analysis was performed by using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.EMP3 expression was markedly higher in GBM tissues than in normal brain tissues. High EMP3 expression was associated with significantly worse OS in patients with GBM. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that EMP3 expression was an independent prognostic factor of poor OS no matter converting its expression into categorical variables (Hazard Ratio [HR]â=â1.359, 95%CI: 1.118-1.652, Pâ=â.002) or setting it as a continuous variable (HRâ=â1.178, 95%CI: 1.101-1.260, Pâ<â.001). Among different subtypes of GBM, proneural subtype had the lowest EMP3 expression. The lowest EMP3 expression was observed in cluster 5 DNA methylation, which all belong to G-CIMP phenotype. Regression analysis confirmed a moderate negative correlation between EMP3 expression and its DNA methylation (Pearson's râ=â-0.61).Based on these findings, we infer that high EMP3 expression might be an independent indicator of unfavorable OS in GBM. EMP3 expression might be repressed by DNA methylation.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China/epidemiologia , Ilhas de CpG , Metilação de DNA , Feminino , Glioblastoma/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gliomas are one of the most common malignant brain tumors and bring a big threat to human life as traditional therapy is unsatisfactory. RBM5 was a RNA-binding motif protein and was reported as a tumor suppressor. But the role of RBM5 in gliomas was unknown. METHODS: The mRNA level of RBM5 was determined in gliomas tissues and cell lines by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assay while the association of RBM5 expression with prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Lentivirus was used to overexpress RBM5 in gliomas cells. MTT and BrdU incorporation assay were used to determine cell proliferation and DNA synthesis when the ability of cell migration and invasion was analyzed by transwell assay with/without Matrigel. Cell apoptosis rate was determined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) method. Then, expression of apoptosis molecules and critical members in Wnt/ß-catenin pathway were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS: RBM5 was shown to be downregulated in gliomas tissues and gliomas cell lines. And decreased RBM5 expression was clinically correlated with tumor stage, patient age, and poor prognosis of gliomas patients. The proliferation and DNA synthesis was dramatically inhibited when RBM5 was overexpressed in SHG44 or U251 cells. Also, the ability of cell migration and invasion was disrupted. Then, the level of ß-catenin and Cyclin D1 significantly decreased when DKK1 and P-GSK-3ß increased reversely in SHG44 cells, which suggested that RBM5 inhibited canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that caspase3-mediated apoptotic pathway was activated by RBM5 as Bax, TNF-α, and cleaved caspase3 were greatly upregulated while antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 was downregulated. Additionally, that apoptotic rate increased significantly from less than 1 to 32% in RBM5-overexpressed SHG44 cells further supported the pro-apoptosis role of RBM5 in gliomas cells. CONCLUSIONS: RBM5 plays a suppressor role in human gliomas by inhibiting Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and inducing cell apoptosis. This study improves our knowledge about the carcinogenesis and progression of human gliomas, which would greatly contribute to the therapy for gliomas patients.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Glioma/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Wnt , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Western Blotting , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Feminino , Seguimentos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioma/genética , Glioma/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transdução de Sinais , Taxa de Sobrevida , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Wnt/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Growing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new modulators in cancer origination and progression. A lncRNA, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1antisense RNA (MDC1-AS), with unknown function, is the antisense transcript of tumor suppressor MDC1. METHOD: In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and functional role of lncRNA MDC1-AS in glioma by using real time PCR and gain-/loss-of-function studies. RESULT: The results showed that the expression levels of lncRNA MDC1-AS and MDC1 were significantly downregulated in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues, and in glioma cell lines U87MG, U251 and HEB. Overexpression of MDC1-AS resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle in U87MG and U251. We also found that MDC1-AS expression was positively correlated with MDC1 expression. In addition, the inhibitory role of MDC1-AS was remarkably diminished when MDC1 was knockdown. CONCLUSION: Together, the results suggest that MDC1-AS is a novel tumor suppressor through up-regulation of its antisense tumor-suppressing gene MDC1 in glioma and leads us to propose that MDC1-AS may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND The association between 3 well known SNPs - miR-146a C/G (rs2910164), miR-196a2 T/C (rs11614913), and miR-499 A/G (rs3746444) - in pre-miRNA sequences and ischemic stroke (IS) are still conflicting and inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to pool previous studies get a more precise assessment of the association between these 3 SNPs and the risk of IS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant studies were searched in online databases. The strength of the association between the SNPs and IS were estimated by pooling odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Review Manager (version 5.3). RESULTS Rs2910164 C allele was associated with lower IS risk. But this trend was only observed in Koreans under the allele model (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.68-0.95, p=0.009), dominant model (OR=0.68, 95% CI=0.50-0.93, p=0.02), recessive model (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.63-1.00, p=0.05), and homozygous model (OR=0.63, 95%CI=0.45-0.88, p=0.007). Rs11614913 T allele might be associated with higher IS risk under the dominant model (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.19-1.78, p=0.0003), while rs3746444 A allele might be associated with decreased IS risk under the homozygous model (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.23-0.98, p=0.04) only in Chinese, but not in Koreans. CONCLUSIONS Although the 3 SNPs might be associated with IS, the association varied significantly in different countries.