[Radiofrequency ablation for liver metastases--mini invasive therapeutic option for patients with unresecable tumors]. / Distructia prin radiofrecventa a metastazelor hepatice--optiune terapeutica miniinvazia optimala la pacientii non-rezecabili chirurgical.

UNLABELLED: Radiofrequency ablations (RFA), a new therapeutic option for liver metastases, proceeded by open surgery or laparoscopic approach, provide an acceptable control of local tumor process, involved lower risks than resection surgery. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed this procedure, for classic indication in hepatic metastatic tumors, based on four years experience, focused on perioperative complications, recurrence rate and long distant evolution. METHOD: Between December 2006 and December 2010, 61 patients with liver metastases underwent RFA; 46 cases had metastatic lesions from colo-rectal cancer, 9 cases from breast cancer, 4 cases from gastric cancer and 2 cases from ovarian cancer. RFA was performed in 55 patients via open surgery and laparoscopic approach in 6 patients. Postoperative course was followed with CT scan at 1 month, and then at 3 month interval, in correlation with tumor markers level. RESULTS: Perioperative complications occurred in 8 cases, consist of prolonged fever, severe hepatic cytolysis, without other complications such, biliary tract injury, hemorrhage, and peritonitis; no mortality caused by RFA procedure. 10 cases had local recurrence, at 6 and 25 month after post RFA procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Initial experience shows that RFA is a safe procedure for treatment of liver metastases, with low rate of morbidity and local recurrence, indicated for patients with unresecable lesions or high risks for surgical resection.

Oxidants and antioxidants relevance in rats' pulmonary induced oxidative stress.

INTRODUCTION: Even if the reactive oxygen species were discovered, described and detailed a long time ago, there is still little data about the mechanisms of oxidative stress, their tissular effects and about an efficient antioxidant strategy, involving animal experimental models. It has been shown that the lung is one of the most exposed organs to the oxidative stress. The particular effects of different types of oxidative stress on lungs were investigated in this experimental study, in order to quantify the intensity and the extent of the pulmonary damage, featuring the antioxidant enzymatic protective role. METHODS: The study of lung injury was performed on four distinct groups of Wistar rats: a control group versus a group exposed to continuous light deprivation versus a group exposed to nitrofurantoin versus a group exposed to continuous light deprivation, to nitrofurantoin and vitamin C. Pulmonary samples were taken and treated for microscopic analysis. A qualitative immunohistochemical estimation of pulmonary superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1) was performed. Blood tests were used in order to reveal the presence and intensity of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Continuous light deprivation and the chronic administration of nitrofurantoin acted as oxidants with a certain involvement in lung damage--vascular and alveolar wall disturbances. Adding an antioxidant, such as vitamin C, considerably improved lung reactivity to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: The chronic exposure to oxidants in the induced oxidative stress sustains the development of specific lung alterations. SOD 1 positive reaction underlines the complex enzymatic defense in oxidative stress.

Chronic venous insufficiency is associated with elevated level of circulating microparticles.

BACKGROUND: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) results when the veins in the legs no longer pump blood back to the heart effectively. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles released by several circulating and vascular cells upon activation or apoptosis. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the subpopulations of circulating endothelial (EMPs) and platelet microparticles (PMPs) in CVI, and to disclose their contribution in mediating dysfunction of human peripheral venules. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Human peripheral venules were explanted during leg surgery on patients with CVI and on control subjects (C); concurrently, blood samples were collected and circulating MPs isolated. The techniques used were: flow cytometry, fluorescence and electron microscopy, myograph technique and western-blotting technique. RESULTS: The results showed that compared with controls, patients with CVI had: (i) a marked elevation of circulating EMPs and PMPs; (ii) a structural modification of the venous wall consisting of activation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, an abundance of intermediary filaments and synthesis of hyperplasic-multilayered basal lamina; (iii) a significantly altered reactivity of the venous wall, closely associated with EMPs and PMPs adherence; (iv) altered contractile response to noradrenaline, acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and KCl, and an impeded relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside; and (iv) a substantially increased protein expression of tissue factor (TF) and of P-Selectin both in the venular vascular wall and on the surface of EMPs and PMPs. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that CVI is accompanied by an enhanced release of EMPs and PMPs that contribute to altered dysfunctional response of the venous wall.

Conditions required for laparoscopic repair of subacute volvulus of the midgut in neonates with intestinal malrotation: 5 cases.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal conditions for laparoscopic management of neonatal subacute volvulus with malrotation. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2002, 13 neonates with midgut volvulus and malrotation entered the authors' institution. Five of these neonates met the eligibility criteria for laparoscopy: good hemodynamic parameters, no gut perforation, and no severe ischemic distress of the bowel shown on preoperative ultrasonography. RESULTS: The results were excellent for only three infants, associated with a shorter postoperative course. One underwent reoperation for a residual duodenal band, and one conversion to open laparotomy was necessary. The predictors of success were no difficulty identifying the abnormal anatomy, no important chylous stasis, and the learning curve of the surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its previously reported feasibility, neonatal laparoscopy for volvulus with intestinal malrotation is appropriate only for a small number of patients. Strict selection criteria with a clear understanding of the optimal conditions for success may improve the outcome.

Assessing the plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion and effects on cholesterol pharmacokinetics of a novel hydrophilic compound, FM-VP4, following administration to rats.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to 1) assess the disposition kinetics of [3H]-cholesterol following co-administration with a novel hydrophilic compound, FM-VP4, and 2) determine the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of [3H]FM-VP4 following single oral (150 mg/kg which includes 100 mCi of radiolabel) and intravenous (15 mg/kg which includes 10 mCi of radiolabel) doses. METHODS: Following an overnight fast (12-16 h) and 48 h post-surgery, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six treatment groups (n=4/group). Groups received single oral doses of 25 mCi/ml [3H]cholesterol alone or with 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg FM-VP4 at 0700 h. Ten percent Intralipid was used to solubilize and co-administer [3H]-cholesterol and FM-VP4. LC-MS analysis confirmed minimal cholesterol and vegetable stanol content within 10% Intralipid. Thin layer chromatography was used to confirm that the majority of radioactivity measured in plasma was associated with either esterified or unesterified cholesterol. In a second study pharmacokinetics of [3H]FM-VP4 were studied following intravenous or orally gavaged doses (n=8). Tissues, urine and feces were also collected in FM-VP4 kinetics study to measure tissue distribution of radioactivity. Plasma [3H]-cholesterol and [3H]FM-VP4 were tested for radioactivity. RESULTS: FM-VP4 co-administration significantly decreased [3H]-cholesterol AUC0-48h and Cmax, and increased CL/F and Vd/F of [3H]-cholesterol as compared to controls in a dose-dependent manner. Following oral administration of [3H]FM-VP4, the majority of radioactivity following was recovered in the feces and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The compound exhibited an oral bioavailability of 6.5%. Following IV administration, a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was observed and the majority of the radioactivity was recovered in the GI tract. CONCLUSIONS: FM-VP4 reduces plasma concentration of [3H]-cholesterol in fasting rats. [3H]FM-VP4 has a very low oral bioavailability.

[Left temporal arachnoid cyst]. / Chist arahnoidian temporal stâng.

Ocular onset is seldom for an arachnoid cyst. We present the case of a young man whose only symptom when hospitalized, was the unilateral peripheral field contraction. It was afterwards specified the presence of the arachnoid cyst and it's pathogenic feature, the compression of the optic nerve.

[Penetrating ocular trauma--therapeutic approach]. / Traumatism ocular perforant--atitudine terapeutica.

The most important factor for functional and anatomic prognosis of an injured eye is the appropriate emergency assistance. This paper presents a case of penetrating ocular trauma with minor clinical sings which associates severe lesions of posterior pole discovered intraoperatively. Careful history and clinical examination allowed the best surgical management, with complete anatomical and functional recovery of the eye.

The apoptosis of the rat and mouse testicular cells could be induced by synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha?

Numerous actions of the synthetic analogous of the prostaglandins were used in human and veterinary therapy. The action of these analogous (even, initially the prostaglandins were put in evidence in the seminal plasma) on the male reproductive system are little known. This is the reason for our study, which tried to emphasize the effects of analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha on the apoptosis of the rat and mouse testicular cells. Optic active Cloprostenol and Cloprostenol Isopropyl ester, in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg/day induces significant histopathologic modifications in the testis of rats and mice. These changes are evident after 14 days of treatment, but especially after 28 days of treatment.

[Phenytoin influence on human metanephros]. / Influenta fenitoinei asupra metanefrosului uman.

The influence of Phenytoin on the human embryo is knowing to produce the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Even this syndrome is knowing to produce microcephaly, mental retardation, eyelid ptosis etc it is not mentioned the influence of Phenytoin on the human metanephros. This is the reason of our study, made on human embryos. Their mothers received during pregnancy Phenytoin. In one studied embryo we have remarked a malformation in the metanephros. Even we can not make a strong correlation between the malformation and the Phenytoin we consider that pregnant women should not use Phenytoin during pregnancy.

[Post-traumatic glaucoma]. / Glaucomul posttraumatic.

This paper presents theoretical aspects concerning the physiopathological mechanisms involved in producing the glaucoma following trauma, especially the lens related glaucoma, correct identification of the ethiopathogeny of the intraocular pressure elevation in this situation is essential for the appropriate management. These aspects are illustrated by two cases of recent glaucoma following trauma lens related (lens subluxation) treated by medication and surgery. The surgical procedure consisted of intracapsular extraction of the lens, anterior vitrectomy, iridectomy and implantation of sulcus sutured posterior chamber lens. We present the technique, the difficulties met intra- and postoperative, evolution and prognosis.

[Premature elevated intraocular pressure after cataract surgery]. / Hipertonia intraoculara precoce aparuta dupa operatia de cataracta.

We evaluated the frequency of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) the first 1-3 postoperative days for a group of patients undergoing standard or phacoemulsification extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). IOP was measured in the pre and postoperative period using non-contact tonometer. From the 356 operated patients, 21 patients (6%) had early elevated IOP. The frequency of elevated IOP was greater among the patients that received anterior chamber (AC) IOL (25%) as compared to that of patients that received posterior chamber (PC) IOL (5.5%). The viscoelastic substance was responsible for a great percentage of cases (51%). The results show that the majority of elevated IOP is transient, recovered spontaneously or by treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or beta-adrenergic blockers. Elevated postoperative IOP occurs more frequently in the presence of glaucoma, cataract associated with systemic diseases, in complicated and traumatic cataract.

[The nonfunctional pituitary adenoma, The optic chiasm syndrome]. / Adenom hipofizar nonfunctional. Sindrom de chiasma optica.

We present the case of patient D. E., 48 years old, whose diagnosis is nonfunctional pituitary adenoma. The diagnosis was revealed by the presence of bitemporal hemianopia. This observation led us to remember the principal neuro-ophthalmological manifestations and to emphasize the part of the ophthalmologist in the diagnosis of this disease.

[Suprainfected corneal injuries--the specific therapeutic aspects in 2 cases]. / Traumatisme corneene suprainfectate--aspecte terapeutice particulare în doua cazuri.

This paper presents two cases of corneal abscess and their therapeutically approach which was the surgical treatment (penetrant keratoplasty). First case was a corneal ulcer which failed to abscess under medical therapy. The second case was a corneal abscess complicated with impending perforation after intracorneal foreign body. The particular aspects for each case are emphasized as well as the common aspects for corneal infections summarized as an algorithm.

[The luteolytic action of prostaglandin F2-alpha analogues in guinea pig's ovary]. / Actiunea luteolitica a analogilor prostaglandinei F2 alpha la ovarul de cobai.

The role of prostaglandin at the level of the female genital system is multiple; they are involved in ovulation, luteolysis, contractility of the tube muscles, contraction of the gravid uterus, dilatation of the cervix. The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha are utilized in a large area of treatments, for multiple purposes. The study was made on 2 lots with 10 non pregnant female guinea pig: the first lot was the witness lot and didn't receive any substance. The second lot received 100 micrograms/kg/day Isopropyl ester PGF2 alpha. The prostaglandin analogous produces vasodilating effects on the ovary blood vessels and luteolytic effects with the destruction of the ovarian follicles.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of the adrenal gland]. / Particularitati ultrastructurale ale glandei suprarenale.

The Adrenal glands can be viewed as sustaining vital processes in the human body, through two different but related components: the cortex and the medulla. It is well known that the close connection between the cortical cells is able not only to support the adrenal functions, but in the same time to serve the better understanding of the normal way of its hormonal production. Using the ultrastructural study of the adrenal gland, we obtain images which can provide informations about details of the cellular structure, in the eventuality that all this work will continue to improve to the point that we might be able to completely understand the complex interrelations between the structure of each cell and the function of the whole organ.

[The influence of some synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analogous on rat lung]. / Influenta unor analogi sintetici ai prostaglandinei F2 alpha asupra pulmonului la sobolan.

The role of prostaglandins and their synthetic analogous at the level of the female genital system is multiple. The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha are utilised in a large area of treatments, for multiple purposes, but their influence on the lung is not so well known. The study was made on 2 lots with 12 non pregnant female rats: the first lot was the witness lot and didn't receive any substance. The second lot received 25 micrograms/kg/day Flavoliz (synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha). The prostaglandinic analogous produces vasodilating effects on the lung blood vessels and moderate pulmonary destruction.

[Total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment - late postoperative complication]. / Decolare de retina regmatogena cvasitotala--postoperator tardiv.

This paper presents the case of a pacient operated for organized hemoftalmus after central retinal vein thrombosis (total vitrectomy) and whom five days after surgery a macular hole was observed and internal indendation with gas was performed. Postoperative evolution was good. Two months after surgery the pacient returns with cvasitotal regmatogen retinal detachment. The possible causes in bringing about of the retinal detachment in this case will be discussed as well as the factors that condition the success in posterior pole surgery.

Fine-needle biopsy cytology in autoimmune thyroiditis.

Fine-needle biopsy is used in the thyroid pathology especially for the differential diagnosis concerning malignant lesions. From a total of 59 cases of thyroiditis, in 12 was possible to proceed to fine-needle biopsy, in large goiters and nodules larger than 1 cm in diameter; in these cases were obtained smears, stained in May-Grünwald-Giemsa technique. In 9 cases of the 12 investigated, in the smears appeared lymphocytes and macrophages, cells commonly found in the infiltrates of the thyroid gland, in autoimmune thyroiditis, and sometimes also few normal thyrocytes. Fine-needle biopsy is important in the diagnosis algorithm of the thyroid nodules, involving 4, up to 7% of the general population. It has also the advantage of reducing the number of cases solved by surgical therapy, as it is the case with the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

[A comparative study of the dimensional variability in different cell types of the human adrenal cortex in the newborn infant and the adult]. / Studiu comparativ al variabilitatii dimensionale pentru diferitele tipuri celulare din corticosuprarenala umana la nou nascut si adult.

The selection of the material for this study was governed by the idea that at the newborn like at the adult, the cortex of the adrenal gland is complete, including all the three zones, while medulla is not structured until 12-36 month; for this reason, we used only the cellular cortical elements. The quantitative method of evaluation of the cellular diameter, as well as the interpreting and correlation of the values with age, have confirmed that the dynamics of the cellular components of the adrenal gland depends on age, indicating significant differences. The cell diameter is usually bigger at the newborn compared with the adult (with zonal variations). The variability is relatively small which means that the individual values are placed in a limited field.

[Changes in the histoarchitectonics and enzymatic histochemistry in guinea pigs during chemically induced stress]. / Alterari ale histoarhitectonicii si histochimiei enzimatice la cobai, pe parcursul unui stress indus chimic.

The adrenal glands particularly react to various chemical over-requirements. Through the administration of aloxan to a group of thirteen guinea pigs we investigated the different implication of the major adrenal components (the cortex and the medulla), as well as the affecting of the enzymatic histochemistry. Aloxan acts as a toxic both at the nuclear level and on the cellular membranes which explains the modifications that occur especially at the level of the zona fasciculata. The enzymatic reactions were moderately positive even reduced here and there because aloxan is able to induce the variable levels of the enzymatic inhibition.