RESUMO
PURPOSE: We evaluated if, during lithotripsy, bacteria may be detected in the irrigation fluid of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). The concordance between urine culture from stone fragmentation (SFUC), bladder (BUC), renal pelvic (RPUC) and stone (SC) was analyzed. We also assessed the correlation between variables and cultures and their association with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and of a positive SC. METHODS: We included 107 patients who underwent PCNL (n = 53) and RIRS (n = 54) from January 2017 to May 2018. Samples for RPUC were obtained by renal catheterization. Stone fragments and irrigation fluid sample were sent for culture. RESULTS: SFUC was positive in 17 (15.9%), BUC in 22 (20.6%), RPUC in 26 (24.3%) and SC in 30 patients (28%). The concordance between SFUC and SC was the highest among all cultures: 94.1%. SFUC and SC grew identical microorganisms in 15/17 (88.2%) patients. Out of 17 (15.9%) patients with SIRS, 8 (7.5%) had sepsis. SFUC had the highest PPV and specificity to detect positive SC and SIRS. Previous urinary tract infection, a preoperative nephrostomy, stone diameter and composition, staghorn calculi, PCNL, positive BUC, RPUC and SFUC were predictors of infected stone. Variables that indicate complex stones, complex PCNL and an infection of the upper tract were associated with SIRS. CONCLUSION: SFUC is technically feasible, easy to retrieve and to analyze. The spectrum of SFUC potential application in clinical practice is when is not possible to perform a SC, e.g. complete dusting or during micro-PCNL.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Cálculos Renais/urina , Rim/cirurgia , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Urina/microbiologiaRESUMO
Antibiotic resistance is one of the bigger problem of public health: the rise of multi-drug resistant organisms causes a challenge in the treatment of infective diseases. Anti-Candida resistance to conventional antifungal agents has increased in the last period. Our research was intended to evaluate antimicrobial activity of oil macerate (OM) of Helichrysum microphyllum Cambess. subsp. tyrrhenicum Bacch., Brullo & Giusso and OM of Hypericum perforatum subsp. angustifolium against several clinical strains. The study included 30 patients with candidiasis who had not received any antifungal treatment before they were enrolled. A collection of 30 clinical isolates belonging to 5 different species of Candida spp. was selected for this study. The data obtained showed an interesting activity of both Oil Macerate especially against C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. On the contrary, H. microphyllum Oil Macerate has had a better activity than the H.perforatum especially in relation to C. glabrata and C. krusei.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase/microbiologia , Helichrysum/química , Hypericum/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Antibiotics that suppress Propionibacterium acnes are the standard treatment for acne but are becoming less effective, due to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains. Many plants are known to have innate antimicrobial action and can be used as alternatives to antibiotics; thus, it is necessary to prove their effectiveness in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-acne efficacy of a new cream based on three natural extracts, comparing it to erythromycin cream and placebo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris were randomly divided into three groups: treated with cream containing 20% propolis, 3% "tea tree oil", and 10% "Aloe vera" (PTAC) (n=20); or with 3 % erythromycin cream (ERC) (n=20); or with placebo (n=20). At baseline, after 15 and 30 days, investigators evaluated response to treatment by counting acne lesions through noninvasive measurements and macrophotography. RESULTS: All the clinical and instrumental values studied were statistically different from placebo except for sebometry, pHmetry, and erythema index values, measured on healthy skin. Unlike in the placebo group, papular and scar lesions showed high erythema reduction after 15 and 30 days of PTAC and ERC application. CONCLUSION: The PTAC formulation was better than ERC in reducing erythema scars, acne severity index, and total lesion count.
RESUMO
Increasing demand drives the expansion of criteria for kidney donation, and nephrolithiasis is now considered a relative contraindication. We report for the first time a case of intra-operative, postperfusion kidney allograft micronephrolithotomy. A 64-year-old man with end-stage renal disease secondary to Alport syndrome underwent primary deceased donor kidney transplantation at our center. Pre-operative ultrasound of the donor identified a 7-mm calculus in the anterior, lower pole calyx. The kidney was extra-peritoneally implanted in the right iliac fossa and reperfused homogenously. Stone retrieval with a flexible ureteroscope failed due to the narrow calyceal infundibulum. Instead, the calculus was removed using the micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy system under ultrasonographic guidance. The calyx was punctured using a 4.85 Fr needle and the stone was fragmented to dust using a Holmium laser. No bleeding was observed. The post-operative course was uneventful. Outpatient follow up demonstrated good function of the graft which was stone free on ultrasound. Postperfusion micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney allograft calculi offers a safe and feasible option when pre-operative or intra-operative retrograde intrarenal surgery fails.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Nefrotomia/métodos , Transplantes/patologia , Transplantes/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transplante Homólogo , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
The antimicrobial activity of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (H.B.K.) essential oil was studied in different pathogens species and its cytotoxicity activity was determinated on different cellular lines. Despite the good antibacterial activity of A. inulaefolium, it has been cytotoxic at low concentrations. Consequently it might be interesting to determine the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the major compounds of this essential oil.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Asteraceae/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Enterobacter cloacae is a microorganism found in the intestinal flora of the majority of animals, including humans. Primary infections caused by E. cloacae are rare in immunocompetent patients, but are very common in hospital settings in newborns and immunocompromised patients, and can be aggravated by the insurgence of antibiotic resistance. The incidence of periprosthetic hip infections is just below 2%. CASE PRESENTATION: A 76year old woman with multiple comorbidities underwent surgical implantation of intermediary total hip prosthesis of the left hip, in a different health facility, in February 2014, after the basicervical fracture of the upper femur extremity due to trauma. After an episode of dislocation of the prosthetic implant, in September 2014, she underwent a surgical operation to implant the acetabular component. A month later not in our facility, following a re-hospitalization for the dislocation of the arthroprosthesis, an infection from E. cloacae complex was discovered. After 2 years of chronic infection she came to our attention; the clinical picture featured coxalgia and secreting fistula in the surgical wound. Following a specific antibiotic therapy, carried out intravenously over the course of a month, we decided to intervene removing the left hip arthroprosthesis and placing an antibiotic spacer following the direction deduced from the antibiogram study of August 2016. CONCLUSION: The patient was hospitalized in our facility and 2 months later she underwent another operation to remove the antibiotic spacer and to place a new total hip arthroprosthesis. Multiple swabs showed the complete healing from the infection, which was confirmed a couple of months later.
RESUMO
Lavender is an aromatic evergreen shrub diffused in the Mediterranean basin appreciated since antiquity. The genus Lavandula is part of Lamiaceae family and includes more than 20 species, among which true lavender (L. vera D.C. or L. angustifolia Miller.) and spike lavender (L. latifolia Medikus); there are also numerous hybrids known as lavandins (L. hybrida Rev.). L. vera, spike lavender and several hybrids are the most intensely used breeding species for the production of essential oils. Lavender and lavandin essential oils have been applied in food, pharmaceutical and other agro industries as biological products. In their chemical composition, terpenes linalool and linalyl acetate along with terpenoids such as 1,8-cineole are mostly responsible for biological and therapeutic activities. This study evaluates cytotoxic activity of essential oils derived from four lavender species on human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment cell morphology has been performed using scanning electron microscope.
Assuntos
Lavandula/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Células CACO-2 , Cicloexanóis/análise , Cicloexanóis/farmacologia , Eucaliptol , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Monoterpenos/análise , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
PURPOSE: To identify the presence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and evaluate the role of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) in patients with HIV-HPV co-infection. We also compared cytological screening results with HPV-DNA detection to implement screening programs and prevention of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in HIV-infected females. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled HIV-infected females presenting for routine clinical evaluation. HPV-DNA of high/intermediate and low-risk types was detected from cervical specimens by nucleic acid hybridization assay with signal-amplification. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of HPV co-infection (HPV+) or not (HPV-). RESULTS: We enrolled 57 HIV-infected females. Median age was 40 (IQR 35-44) years, mean CD4 count was 547 ± 227 cells/mm(3), 45 (78.9%) had undetectable HIV-RNA and 52 (91.2%) received HAART. Globally, 19/57 (33.3%) patients were HPV-infected, 16/57 (28.1%) with high/intermediate and 3/57 (5.3%) with low-risk types. Five of the 19 (26.3%) HPV+ patients carried both types. Correlating high-risk genotype HPV-DNA detection with cytology, 17.5% of women with negative cytology, 36.4% with ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cells of Uncertain Significance) and 83.4% of women with positive cytology (50% of LSIL: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 100% of HSIL: high grade SIL) were HPV positive. No statistical difference when comparing HPV+ and HPV-patients in age, CD4 cell count, in the proportion of previous intravenous-drug use, previous AIDS and of those receiving HAART with undetectable HIV-RNA was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer screening including HPV-DNA detection should be implemented in HIV infected females across Europe, also when receiving successful HAART, to early identify the HIV patients at risk for ICC to be submitted to more frequent follow up and proper treatment.
Assuntos
Coinfecção , DNA Viral/genética , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de DNA para Papilomavírus Humano , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Citodiagnóstico , Feminino , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Fenótipo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
The present study aimed to use QuantiFERON TB Gold in tube (Cellestis Limited, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia) as a tool for the screening for tubercular infection in HIV-positive patients. Seventy-three HIV-positive subjects were tested. For each individual, QuantiFERON TB in tube was performed. The immunoassay was negative in 53 subjects, positive in eight and indeterminate in 12. The data obtained indicate that factors such as the CD4 cell count and their percentage, as well as the stage of the disease, could affect the performance of the interferon-γ release assay in populations at risk such as HIV-positive subjects.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , HIV , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Tuberculose Latente/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: The ability of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax nursery to adhere to epithelial cell lines (Hep-2 and Caco-2), fish mucus and their ability to form a biofilm on different surfaces (glass, polystyrene, polyethylene and polyvinyl-chloride) was investigated in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: The extracellular products were rich in enzymes and the strains were haemolytic on Wagatsuma agar and possessed several hydrolytic exoenzymes such as proteases, DNase and lipases. Most strains tested were multiresistant to the 17 antibiotics tested including those used in the farm to treat vibriosis. CONCLUSIONS: These bacteria were able to form a biofilm on all the surfaces tested and the cell density was the highest on the PVC surface followed by that on the glass slides, polystyrene and the polyethylene surface. More than 50% of the tested strains were adhesive to the epithelial cell lines (Hep-2 and Caco-2). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These properties allow these bacteria to survive, proliferate and persist in all stages of fish rearing nursery even after seawater treatment with UV light.
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana , Vibrio alginolyticus/fisiologia , Animais , Aquicultura , Bass , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Células CACO-2/microbiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Vidro , Humanos , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Muco/microbiologia , Polietileno , Poliestirenos , Dourada , Água do Mar , Vibrio alginolyticus/classificação , Vibrio alginolyticus/genéticaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Myrtus/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Phenotypic and genotypic determination of virulence factors were carried out in 46 high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) clinical Enterococcus faecalis (n=34) and Enterococcus faecium (n=12) isolates recovered from different patients in La Rabta Hospital in Tunis, Tunisia, between 2000 and 2003 (all these isolates harboured the aac(6')-aph(2") gene). The genes encoding virulence factors (agg, gelE, ace, cylLLS, esp, cpd, and fsrB) were analysed by PCR and sequencing. The production of gelatinase and hemolysin, the adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells, and the capacity for biofilm formation were investigated in all 46 HLGR enterococci. The percentages of E. faecalis isolates harbouring virulence genes were as follows: gelE, cpd, and ace (100%); fsrB (62%); agg (56%); cylLLS (41.2%); and esp (26.5%). The only virulence gene detected among the 12 HLGR E. faecium isolates was esp (58%). Gelatinase activity was detected in 22 of the 34 E. faecalis isolates (65%, most of them with the gelE+-fsrB+ genotype); the remaining 12 isolates were gelatinase-negative (with the gelE+-fsrB- genotype and the deletion of a 23.9 kb fragment of the fsr locus). Overall, 64% of the cylLLS-containing E. faecalis isolates showed beta-hemolysis. A high proportion of our HLGR E. faecalis isolates, in contrast to E. faecium, showed moderate or strong biofilm formation or adherence to caco-2 and hep-2 cells.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Hospitais , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Aderência Bacteriana , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biofilmes , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular , Enterococcus faecalis/classificação , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecalis/patogenicidade , Enterococcus faecium/classificação , Enterococcus faecium/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecium/patogenicidade , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tunísia , VirulênciaRESUMO
Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, is a disease of domestic and wild ruminants that culminate with a chronic enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the type of immune response, Th1 or Th2, induced by DNA vaccinations in lambs of Sarda breed. Twenty-five lambs, serum negative for M. paratuberculosis, were selected at birth from equally serum negative mothers. The lambs were inoculated at 5 months of age with three different mycobacterial antigens cloned into a mammalian expression vector as fusion protein with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-N1). The animals were divided in five groups containing each five lambs. Each group was vaccinated as following (A: physiological solution; B: Gudair; C: p-85A-Mav; D: p-85A-BCG; E: p-Hsp65). Immune response was evaluated by measuring the expression of INF-gamma (Th1 type response) and IL-10 (Th2 type response) by real-time PCR. Gene expression was estimated by comparing the results with that of beta-actin. INF-gamma expression level was increased in lambs vaccinated with plasmids codifying mycobacterial antigens, in particular with p-Hsp65, in comparison with the controls suggesting stimulation of a Th1 immune response similar to that supported by natural infection of M. paratuberculosis. Moreover, animals were infected orally with live M. paratuberculosis. Three months after vaccination and again INF-gamma and IL-10 expression was evaluated in order to verify in vivo the protection level of the vaccines. Plasmids p-85A-BCG and p-Hsp65 seem to elicit a stronger protective immune response against M. paratuberculosis by evaluating the expression level of INF-gamma and evaluating the presence of M. paratuberculosis and animal cell organ damage post-mortem.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/imunologia , Paratuberculose/imunologia , Paratuberculose/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Células Th1/imunologia , Animais , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/imunologia , Imunização , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interferon gama/genética , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Interleucina-10/genética , Paratuberculose/metabolismo , Plasmídeos/genética , RNA/genética , RNA/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/metabolismo , Vacinas de DNA/imunologiaRESUMO
Breeding for wheat varieties resistant to Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is the most sustainable strategy for controlling the disease. In order to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SNB resistance we analysed 204 recombinant inbred lines of the cross between the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Forno and the winter spelt (Triticum spelta L.) variety Oberkulmer. We determined the level of resistance of adult plants to leaf blotch (SNL) and glume blotch (SNG) as well as morphological traits for 2 years after artificial inoculation with S. nodorum. Using composite interval mapping and LOD > 3.7, we detected ten QTLs for SNG blotch resistance (six inherited from the susceptible parent Forno) and 11 QTLs for SNL resistance (four inherited from Forno) across 2 years. Both resistance traits were moderately correlated (r = 0.52) and had only one common QTL. For SNL resistance, seven QTLs were not associated with QTLs for morphological traits. Among them, QSnl.eth-2D, QSnl.eth-4B and QSnl.eth-7B3 had major effects (R(2) > 13%) and were potential candidates for marker-assisted selection. For SNG, the major QTL on chromosome 5A, explaining 36% of the phenotypic variance for resistance, was associated with the q locus conferring the spelt morphology (long lax ear, long culm and hard glumes). Only QSng.eth-1BS, which explained 7% of the variance for resistance to SNG blotch, was not associated with QTLs for morphological traits. The consequences for breeding programmes are discussed.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Hibridização Genética , Imunidade Inata/genética , Fenótipo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Triticum/genética , Análise de Variância , Cruzamento/métodos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Escore Lod , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Suíça , Triticum/anatomia & histologiaAssuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinoxalinas/farmacologia , Animais , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Mycobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Quinoxalinas/química , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: There is very little information, to date, on the antifungal activity of bergamot oil. In this study, we investigated the in vitro activity of three bergamot oils (natural essence, furocoumarin-free extract and distilled extract) against clinically relevant Candida species. We studied the two derivatives, components of Italian pharmaceutical products, that are supposed to be less toxic than the essential oil. METHODS: In vitro susceptibility of 40 clinical isolates of Candida spp. (Candida albicans, n=20; Candida glabrata, n=13; Candida krusei, n=4; Candida tropicalis, n=2; Candida parapsilosis, n=1), associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis, was determined using a modification of the NCCLS M27-A2 broth microdilution method. MICs were evaluated for each of the oils alone and combined with sub-inhibitory concentrations of the well-known antiseptic, boric acid. To boric acid, all isolates had MIC values ranging from 0.094% to 0.187% (w/v). RESULTS: At 24 h readings, the MIC(90 )s (for all isolates) were (v/v): 5% for natural essence of bergamot, 2.5% for the furocoumarin-free extract, and 1.25% for the distilled extract. At the 48 h reading, these values increased to >10%, 5% and 2.5%, respectively. At both readings, MIC(90 )s for all oil+boric acid combinations were significantly lower than corresponding values for the oils alone (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that bergamot oils are active in vitro against Candida spp., suggesting their potential role for the topical treatment of Candida infections.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Bóricos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/microbiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Candida/classificação , Cumarínicos/química , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Óleos de Plantas/química , Vagina/microbiologiaRESUMO
Crohn's disease is a non-specific chronic transmural inflammatory disease. The disease was associated with a frameshit mutation in the NOD2 gene. Nevertheless, other researchers associated the presence of M. paratuberculosis within the intestinal tissues of patients with the disease. An adapted "in situ hybridization" technique was used to detect IS900 M. paratuberculosis DNA in paraffin embedded tissue from Crohns tissue disease samples. We were able to identify M. paratuberculosis DNA in around 69% of the paraffine embedded intestinal samples of Crohn's disease patients analysed. The presence of M. paratuberculosis DNA in the intestinal samples analysed does not necessarily mean that M. paratuberculosis is responsible for Crohn's disease. Our results support the hypothesis that infection may be caused by cell wall defective M. paratuberculosis since no bacteria were detected by Ziehl Neelsen stain.