Validation of an educational comic book to guide conducts in situations of dental trauma.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Childhood dental trauma poses a prevalent concern, and the limited knowledge of lay caregivers toward the needed immediate actions can adversely affect a child's well-being. This study aimed to create and validate an educational comic book for lay individuals, designed to guide immediate actions in dental trauma cases, and assess its effects toward enhancing reader knowledge. METHODOLOGY: The four-stage study involved: (1) Literature review and script development; (2) Version 1 of the comic book creation (including illustrations, layout, and design) and Flesch Readability Index (FI) calculation; (3) Version 1 validation by expert judges, assessed by the Content Validity Index (CVI); (4) Version 1 refinement based on the judges' feedback, recalculation of FI, and a pilot test (CVI) involving lay individuals who validated the final material (Version 2). The validation process involved 67 participants, including 13 specialist judges and 54 elementary school teachers. RESULTS: The CVI for Version 1 was calculated at 0.89 (89%), indicating a favorable level of agreement on the evaluated criteria. The FI was determined as 91.1%, indicating a high level of readability. The FI for Version 2 was 92.1% (indicating a very easy level of comprehension). The CVI calculated for the target audience after the pilot test was 0.99 (99%), denoting a substantial agreement among the participants. In assessing the level of knowledge, a significant increase was observed in the rate of correct answers after the comic book was read by lay individuals (p < 0.05), inasmuch as the percentage rose from 50.5% before to 81.2% after reading it. CONCLUSION: The educational comic book proved valid in terms of readability, appearance, and content. Furthermore, it had a positive impact on gaining the knowledge needed to take the appropriate actions, thus making it a valuable tool for guiding the lay population in cases of dental trauma.

Tamanho do efeito em estudos observacionais na área de Saúde Bucal Coletiva: importância, cálculo e interpretação / Size effect in observational studies in Public Oral Health: importance, calculation and interpretation

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a literatura científica da área de saúde bucal coletiva quanto ao cálculo, apresentação e discussão do tamanho do efeito em estudos observacionais. A literatura cientifica na área (2015 a 2019) foi analisada quanto: a) informações gerais (periódico e diretrizes aos autores, número de variáveis e desfechos), b) objetivo e coerência com o cálculo amostral apresentado; c) tamanho do efeito (apresentação, medida utilizada e coerência com a discussão dos dados e conclusão). Foram analisados 123 artigos, de 66 periódicos. A maioria dos artigos avaliados apresenta um único desfecho (74%) e não menciona a realização de cálculo amostral (69,9%). Dentre os que realizaram, para 70,3% havia coerência entre o cálculo amostral utilizado e o objetivo. Apenas 3,3% dos artigos mencionam o termo tamanho do efeito e 24,4% não o consideram na discussão dos resultados, apesar de terem calculado. A regressão logística foi a metodologia estatística mais utilizada (98,4%) e o Odds Ratio a medida de tamanho do efeito mais utilizada (94,3%), embora não tenha sido citada e discutida como uma medida de tamanho do efeito na maioria dos estudos (96,7%). Os pesquisadores, em sua maioria, restringiram a discussão dos resultados apenas à significância estatística encontrada nas associações testadas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific literature in public oral health regarding calculation, presentation, and discussion of the effect size in observational studies. The scientific literature (2015 to 2019) was analyzed regarding: a) general information (journal and guidelines to authors, number of variables and outcomes), b) objective and consistency with sample calculation presentation; c) effect size (presentation, measure used and consistency with data discussion and conclusion). A total of 123 articles from 66 journals were analyzed. Most articles analyzed presented a single outcome (74%) and did not mention sample size calculation (69.9%). Among those who did, 70.3% showed consistency between sample calculation used and the objective. Only 3.3% of articles mentioned the term effect size and 24.4% did not consider that in the discussion of results, despite showing effect size calculation. Logistic regression was the most commonly used statistical methodology (98.4%) and Odds Ratio was the most commonly used effect size measure (94.3%), although it was not cited and discussed as an effect size measure in most studies (96.7%). It could be concluded that most researchers restrict the discussion of their results only to the statistical significance found in associations under study.

Burnout syndrome in higher education health professionals working in indigenous health in Brazil. / Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome de burnout em profissionais da saúde indígena no Brasil.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in higher education health professionals working in indigenous health in Brazil, and to identify associated factors. This is an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. Data collection was based on the application of a questionnaire (personal profile and MBI-HSS) and included 513 professionals. The prevalence of burnout was 65%. Greater likelihood of emotional exhaustion was observed among younger professionals, who had worked in indigenous health for longer time, in the care function and with lower level of tranquility when working during the pandemic. Lower likelihood of having low personal accomplishment at work was observed among older professionals, professionals who had worked in indigenous health for shorter time, who worked in clinical care during the pandemic and those with lower level of tranquility when working during the pandemic. Greater likelihood of depersonalization was found among married professionals, who worked in clinical care during the pandemic and those with lower level of tranquility when working during the pandemic. This study contributes with an important assessment of the existence of BS predictors in health professionals working in indigenous health.

O objetivo foi investigar a prevalência da síndrome de burnout (SB) em profissionais de nível superior atuantes na saúde indígena no Brasil e fatores associados. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. O questionário foi aplicado (perfil e MBI-HSS) a 513 profissionais. A presença da SB foi identificada em 65% dos profissionais. Foi verificada maior chance de exaustão emocional entre os profissionais mais novos, com mais tempo de atuação na saúde indígena, em função assistencial e com menor nível de tranquilidade ao trabalhar durante a pandemia. Mais chance de apresentar baixa realização pessoal no trabalho foi observada entre os profissionais mais velhos, com menos tempo de atuação na saúde indígena, que estavam em atendimento clínico durante a pandemia e que relataram menor nível de tranquilidade ao trabalhar durante a pandemia. Maior chance de despersonificação em profissionais casados, em atendimento clínico durante a pandemia e com menor nível de tranquilidade ao trabalhar durante a pandemia. O estudo contribui com uma importante avaliação da existência de preditores da SB nos profissionais atuantes na saúde indígena.

Size effect in observational studies in Public Oral Health: importance, calculation and interpretation. / Tamanho do efeito em estudos observacionais na área de Saúde Bucal Coletiva: importância, cálculo e interpretação.

The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific literature in public oral health regarding calculation, presentation, and discussion of the effect size in observational studies. The scientific literature (2015 to 2019) was analyzed regarding: a) general information (journal and guidelines to authors, number of variables and outcomes), b) objective and consistency with sample calculation presentation; c) effect size (presentation, measure used and consistency with data discussion and conclusion). A total of 123 articles from 66 journals were analyzed. Most articles analyzed presented a single outcome (74%) and did not mention sample size calculation (69.9%). Among those who did, 70.3% showed consistency between sample calculation used and the objective. Only 3.3% of articles mentioned the term effect size and 24.4% did not consider that in the discussion of results, despite showing effect size calculation. Logistic regression was the most commonly used statistical methodology (98.4%) and Odds Ratio was the most commonly used effect size measure (94.3%), although it was not cited and discussed as an effect size measure in most studies (96.7%). It could be concluded that most researchers restrict the discussion of their results only to the statistical significance found in associations under study.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a literatura científica da área de saúde bucal coletiva quanto ao cálculo, apresentação e discussão do tamanho do efeito em estudos observacionais. A literatura cientifica na área (2015 a 2019) foi analisada quanto: a) informações gerais (periódico e diretrizes aos autores, número de variáveis e desfechos), b) objetivo e coerência com o cálculo amostral apresentado; c) tamanho do efeito (apresentação, medida utilizada e coerência com a discussão dos dados e conclusão). Foram analisados 123 artigos, de 66 periódicos. A maioria dos artigos avaliados apresenta um único desfecho (74%) e não menciona a realização de cálculo amostral (69,9%). Dentre os que realizaram, para 70,3% havia coerência entre o cálculo amostral utilizado e o objetivo. Apenas 3,3% dos artigos mencionam o termo tamanho do efeito e 24,4% não o consideram na discussão dos resultados, apesar de terem calculado. A regressão logística foi a metodologia estatística mais utilizada (98,4%) e o Odds Ratio a medida de tamanho do efeito mais utilizada (94,3%), embora não tenha sido citada e discutida como uma medida de tamanho do efeito na maioria dos estudos (96,7%). Os pesquisadores, em sua maioria, restringiram a discussão dos resultados apenas à significância estatística encontrada nas associações testadas.

Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome de burnout em profissionais da saúde indígena no Brasil / Burnout syndrome in higher education health professionals working in indigenous health in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo foi investigar a prevalência da síndrome de burnout (SB) em profissionais de nível superior atuantes na saúde indígena no Brasil e fatores associados. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. O questionário foi aplicado (perfil e MBI-HSS) a 513 profissionais. A presença da SB foi identificada em 65% dos profissionais. Foi verificada maior chance de exaustão emocional entre os profissionais mais novos, com mais tempo de atuação na saúde indígena, em função assistencial e com menor nível de tranquilidade ao trabalhar durante a pandemia. Mais chance de apresentar baixa realização pessoal no trabalho foi observada entre os profissionais mais velhos, com menos tempo de atuação na saúde indígena, que estavam em atendimento clínico durante a pandemia e que relataram menor nível de tranquilidade ao trabalhar durante a pandemia. Maior chance de despersonificação em profissionais casados, em atendimento clínico durante a pandemia e com menor nível de tranquilidade ao trabalhar durante a pandemia. O estudo contribui com uma importante avaliação da existência de preditores da SB nos profissionais atuantes na saúde indígena.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in higher education health professionals working in indigenous health in Brazil, and to identify associated factors. This is an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. Data collection was based on the application of a questionnaire (personal profile and MBI-HSS) and included 513 professionals. The prevalence of burnout was 65%. Greater likelihood of emotional exhaustion was observed among younger professionals, who had worked in indigenous health for longer time, in the care function and with lower level of tranquility when working during the pandemic. Lower likelihood of having low personal accomplishment at work was observed among older professionals, professionals who had worked in indigenous health for shorter time, who worked in clinical care during the pandemic and those with lower level of tranquility when working during the pandemic. Greater likelihood of depersonalization was found among married professionals, who worked in clinical care during the pandemic and those with lower level of tranquility when working during the pandemic. This study contributes with an important assessment of the existence of BS predictors in health professionals working in indigenous health.

Impact of Mobile Dental Clinics on the Quality of Life of Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of mobile dental clinics on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) of children. Material and Methods: A longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted with participants from seven mobile dental clinics carried out between May 2019 and January 2020 by the NGO Missão Sorrisos. Parents and children who attended the program had their sociodemographic data collected. Both completed the Scale of Oral Health 5 (SOHO-5) self-reported questionnaire before treatment and again 30 days after treatment. Results: The improvement in the children's oral health after treatment at the mobile clinics is reflected in the pre-and post-treatment medians measured by the SOHO-5 total score from the children's own reports from the parents' reports. The procedures performed were effective in reducing pain and difficulties in eating, drinking, and sleeping. An improvement in the perception of the children's appearance and self-confidence was reported, both from the perspective of the parents/guardians and the children themselves. The chance of improvement in the perception of the children's oral health was greater for parents (OR=5.96; CI95%: 1.32-26.84) and children (OR=5.76; CI95%: 1.28-25.95) from families whose main caregiver was not professionally active at the time of the study. Conclusion: The mobile dental clinics had a positive impact on the OHRQL of children from the perspective of the participants of the study.

O Impacto das assembleias na humanização em saúde em um centro de atenção psicossocial / The Impact of assemblies on humanization in health in a psychosocial care center

Resumo Introdução Os Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) foram criados como parte do processo de reforma psiquiátrica. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência das assembleias realizadas no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial CAPS II de Boa Vista (RR) na humanização em saúde mental. Método Esta pesquisa qualitativa avaliou 10 indivíduos dentre os 22 que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O estudo utilizou a técnica de análise de conteúdo e um roteiro de entrevista contendo 07 perguntas abertas sobre a efetivação da humanização em meio à realização de assembleias. Resultados A relação paciente, profissional e gestor melhorou após a realização das assembleias. Quanto ao trabalho desenvolvido pela gestão, os participantes atribuíram organização e humanização. O trabalho da equipe profissional foi considerado excelente pela maioria dos entrevistados, e o CAPS atua de forma humanizada no atendimento à pessoa em sofrimento psíquico. Conclusão As assembleias influenciaram a humanização em saúde mental em face das mudanças de comportamento e relacionamento propiciadas pelo vínculo que se fez presente durante as mencionadas reuniões, tangenciando assim para lógica da reforma psiquiátrica e substituição de práticas hospitalocêntricas com vistas na ressocialização dos indivíduos e familiares.

Abstract Background The Psychosocial Care Center was created as part of the psychiatric reform process. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the assemblies held at the CAPS II Psychosocial Care Center of Boa Vista RR on the humanization of mental health. Method This qualitative study evaluated 10 individuals from the 22 who met the inclusion criteria. The study used a content analysis methodology applying an interview script containing 7 open questions regarding the effectiveness of humanization in the context of the assemblies. Results The relationship between patient, professional and manager improved after the assemblies were held. Regarding the work undertaken by the management, participants highlighted the organization and humanization. The work of the professional team was considered excellent by most of the interviewees and the CAPS acts in a humanized way when assisting people in psychological distress. Conclusion The assemblies influenced the humanization of mental health in the face of behavioural changes through the relationship established during the aforementioned meetings. This reflected the logic of psychiatric reform and the substitution of hospital-centered practices with the re-socialization of individuals and families.

Factors associated with early weaning in the human milk bank of a university hospital / Fatores associados ao desmame precoce em banco de leite humano de hospital universitário

Abstract Objectives: to identify the sociodemographic, obstetric, and breastfeeding factors associated with early weaning in a human milk bank. Methods: data from maternal and child evaluation forms of women assisted at the human milk bank of the Federal University of Maranhão university hospital in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were compiled. Results: of the 1,276 forms evaluated, 1,275 (99.9%) had information about early weaning (outcome variable), which was identified in 30.6% of assisted pairs. The frequency of early weaning was higher among mothers who had already breastfed (169-31%) [p=0.0235, OR=4.03; CI95%=1.21-13.46] and among mothers who had "household" occupation (204-36%) [p<0.0001, OR=1.58, CI95%=1.24-2.00]. The other independent variables evaluated did not show significant association (p>0.05). Conclusions: among the evaluated characteristics, only maternal occupation and previous breastfeeding experience were associated with early weaning.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação de variáveis sociodemográficas, obstétricas e de aleitamento materno com o desmame precoce em um banco de leite humano. Métodos: foram compilados dados das fichas de avaliação materno-infantil de mulheres atendidas no banco de leite humano do hospital universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão em 2016, 2017 e 2018. Resultados: das 1.276 fichas avaliadas, 1.275 (99,9%) tinham informações sobre desmame precoce (variável de desfecho), que foi identificado em 30,6% dos pares atendidos. A frequência de desmame precoce foi maior entre as mães que já amamentaram (169-31%) [p=0,0235, OR=4,03; IC95%=1,21-13,46] e entre aquelas que tinham ocupação "do lar" (204-36%) [p<0,0001, OR:1,58, IC95%=1,24-2,00]. As demais variáveis independentes avaliadas não apresentaram associação significativa (p>0,05). Conclusões: entre as características avaliadas, apenas a ocupação da mãe e a experiência previa de amamentação associaram-se ao desmame precoce.

Seroepidemiological investigation of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil.

The dramatic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases has been a threat to global health and a challenge for health systems. Estimating the prevalence of infection in the population is essential to provide support for action planning. Within this scenario, the aim of the present study was to analyze the seroprevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1st to June 19th, 2020. The participants were patients with respiratory symptoms who sought Primary Care Units (UBS) (n = 1,181) and subjects recruited from randomly selected households by probability sampling (n = 3,065), as screening strategy. All participants, in both phases, were submitted to SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (IgG and IgM) and responded to a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics based on Behavioural Insights for COVID-19. Total seroprevalence (positive/negative) was the outcome and the independent variables were sociodemographic variables, health behavior and signs/symptoms. The chi-squared test was used for association analysis (p<0.05) and variables with p<0.20 were entered into the logistic regression model (p<0.05). A total of 1,181 subjects from the UBS and 3,065 from the selected households participated in the study. The seroprevalence was 30.8% in the UBS and 3.1% in the households. The adjusted logistic regression identified that lower educational level (OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.59-4.54), household member testing positive (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.16-2.39), presence of anosmia (OR 3.68, 95%CI 2.56-5.28) and seeking UBS (OR 3.76; 95%CI 2.08-6.82) was risk factors to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Estimating the seroprevalence in the population was important to know the disease extension that was higher than the notified cases. These results showed socioeconomic aspects associated with COVID-19 even adjusted by symptoms. Populational epidemiologic studies that investigate the associated factors of COVID-19 are relevant to plan strategies to control the pandemic.

Câncer bucal: o que sabem os cirurgiões-dentistas da Baixada Litorânea-RJ? / Oral cancer: what do dentists from the Baixada Litorânea region - RJ know about?

Introdução: Apesar das estratégias para prevenção e diagnóstico precoce, o câncer bucal está entre os mais incidentes no Brasil. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre o câncer bucal. Material e método: Pesquisa censitária, exploratória e quantitativa, realizada em 2021. Cirurgiões-dentistas vinculados à rede pública dos 9 municípios da Baixada Litorânea/RJ preencheram um questionário com 41 questões, divididas em 5 blocos: 1. Perfil sociodemográfico, 2. Conhecimento sobre câncer bucal, 3. Fatores de risco para câncer bucal, 4. Segurança para diagnóstico do câncer bucal e 5. Experiência na identificação de lesões suspeitas. Resultado: Dos 128 cirurgiões-dentistas habilitados, 89,1% (n=114) participaram e caracterizavam-se por terem menos de 40 anos (50%), serem do sexo feminino (64,9%) e formados há mais de 16 anos (57,9%). Quanto ao conhecimento sobre o câncer bucal e fatores de risco, 84,2% consideraram seu nível de conhecimento regular ou bom e 65,8% consideraram baixo o seu nível de segurança para realização de procedimentos de diagnóstico do câncer bucal. Quanto à identificação de lesões suspeitas de câncer bucal, 86,8% realizavam exame da cavidade bucal, 7,9% não realizam porque o tempo da consulta é insuficiente e 5,3% porque não sabem fazer. Além disso, 50,9% identificaram alguma lesão suspeita nos últimos 12 meses. Notou-se também que 65,8% dos CDs não tinham conhecimento do fluxograma do município para diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer bucal. Conclusão: Os achados evidenciaram lacunas com relação ao conhecimento e procedimentos para diagnóstico precoce do câncer bucal.

Introduction: Despite the strategies for prevention and diagnosis, oral cancer is among the most incidents in Brazil. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about oral cancer of primary health care dentists. Material and method: This is a census, exploratory and quantitative study carried out in 2021. Dentists linked to the public network of the 9 municipalities of the "Baixada Litorânea" region/RJ filled out a questionnaire with 41 questions, divided into 5 blocks: 1. Sociodemographic profile, 2. Knowledge on oral cancer, 3. Risk factors for oral cancer, 4. Safety for diagnosing oral cancer and 5. Experience in identifying suspicious lesions. Result: Of the 128 dentists, 89.1% (n=114) participated and were characterized by being less than 40 years old (50%), female (64.9%) and for having the dentistry degree for more than 16 years (57.9%). As for knowledge about oral cancer and risk factors, 84.2% considered their level of knowledge regular or good and 65.8% considered their level of security low for carrying out diagnostic procedures for oral cancer. Regarding the identification of oral cancer suspicious lesions, 86.8% performed oral cavity examination, 7.9% did not perform it because the consultation time was insufficient and 5.3% because they did not know how to do it. In addition, 50.9% have identified a suspicious lesion in the last 12 months. It was also observed that 65.8% of dentists were not aware of the municipality's flowchart for the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. Conclusion: The findings showed that the knowledge about oral cancer was satisfactory; however, training regarding risk factors and diagnostic procedures related to oral cancer should be strengthened.

Agentes comunitários de saúde: conhecimentos em saúde bucal e fatores associados / Community-based health workers: Knowledge about oral health and associated factors

Resumo Introdução Ações educativas são fundamentais para a produção do cuidado e fazem parte das atividades dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento dos ACS sobre saúde bucal e fatores relacionados. Método Estudo transversal e quantitativo, com 481 ACS vinculados aos municípios da X Gerência de Saúde de Pernambuco. A coleta foi realizada em 2017 nas reuniões mensais, com questionário validado e autoadministrado. As associações foram testadas por regressão logística múltipla, estimando-se os odds ratio brutos com os intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Participaram 72,9% (351) dos ACS, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, com até 40 anos, ensino médio completo, renda de até 1 salário mínimo e com mais de 10 anos de trabalho. Observou-se que 23,6% afirmaram que a equipe realizava reuniões frequentes e 12% disseram que os dentistas realizavam capacitação. Para 68,1%, a experiência de vida era a fonte do conhecimento. Os ACS do sexo feminino e que não nominaram a fonte de seu conhecimento tinham 1,90 (IC95%: 1,10-3,28) e 3,59 (IC95%: 1,46-8,79) vezes mais chance, respectivamente, de apresentar menor conhecimento (p < 0,05). Conclusão O conhecimento foi satisfatório e influenciado negativamente pelo sexo e pela ausência de relato da fonte de aquisição de informações sobre saúde bucal.

Abstract Background Educational actions are fundamental to produce care, and are part of the activities of community-based health workers (CHWs). Objective Evaluate the knowledge of CHWs about oral health (OH) and associated factors. Method This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study. All 481 CHWs linked to the municipalities belonging the 10th Health Management Section of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were invited to participate in the study. Data collection was performed in 2017 during the monthly sectional meetings by means of a validated, self-administered questionnaire. The associations were tested by multiple logistic regression, estimating the crude odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results 72.9% (351) of the CHWs participated in the study. They were mostly women, aged ≤40 years, with complete high school, monthly income of up to one Brazilian minimum wage, and with more than 10 years of work experience. 23.6% of the CHWs stated that the team frequently attended meetings, and 12.0% of them said that the dentists underwent training. As for the source of knowledge acquisition, 68.1% answered that it accrued from life experience. Female CHWs and those who did not mention the source of their knowledge about OH were 1.90 (95% CI: 1.10-3.28) and 3.59 (95% CI: 1.46-8.79) times more likely, respectively, to present a lower OH score (p<0.05). Conclusion The knowledge about OH of CHWs was satisfactory, but negatively influenced by gender and absence of report on the source of acquisition of OH information.

Higher Education students from health and non-health subject areas: aspects of oral health / Universitários da área de saúde e não saúde: aspectos de saúde bucal

ABSTRACT Objetive To evaluate whether the area of study of undergraduate students influences oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices, in addition to the use of dental services, self-reported oral morbidity, self-perception and impacts of oral health. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed, with a probabilistic sample of 681 students from the second semester of a Higher Education Institution, who were allocated into Health (H; n = 347) and Non-Health (NH; n = 334) groups, and answered a questionnaire encompassing their sociodemographic profile and aspects of oral health. Data were analyzed by Fisher's Chi-Square/Exact Test (α = 5%). Results The majority of students were female (H = 70.0%, NH = 56.9%, p = 0.0004), single (H = 82.7%, NH = 76.0%, p = 0.0429) and did not work (H = 30.5%, NH = 37.7%, p = 0.0482). The groups differed in terms of receiving oral health guidelines from the media (H = 19.9%, NH = 13.8%, p = 0.0333) or from other health professionals (H = 25.6%, NH = 13.2%, p <0.0001). Regarding the reasons for their most recent dental appointment, in the Health group "treatment" (42.9%) and "pain" (6.9%) prevailed, while for the Non-Health group "review, prevention or check-up" (41, 9%) and "extraction" (8.1%) (p = 0.0169) were the most prevalent. The Health group was more satisfied with their oral health, with less frequent reports of a self-perception of bad breath (H = 30.3%, NH = 38.3%, p = 0.0483). There was no association between self-perception and impacts on oral health (p> 0.05). Conclusions The groups differed regarding the source of information on oral health, the reason for seeking and type of treatment, and the self-perception of bad breath, with the Health group reporting greater satisfaction with their oral health.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se a área de graduação influencia nos aspectos de saúde bucal avaliados. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 681 estudantes do 2º período de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior foi alocada nos grupos Saúde (S; n=347) e Não Saúde (NS; n=334) e respondeu questionário englobando perfil sociodemográfico e aspectos de saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados pelos Testes Qui-quadrado/Exato de Fisher (α=5%). Resultados A maioria dos estudantes era de sexo feminino (S=70,0%; NS=56,9%; p=0,0004), solteiro (S=82,7%; NS=76,0%; p=0,0429) e não trabalha (S=30,5%; NS=37,7%; p=0,0482). Os grupos diferiram quanto a ter recebido orientações sobre saúde bucal pela mídia (S=19,9%; NS=13,8%; p=0,0333) ou por outros profissionais da saúde (S=25,6%; NS=13,2%; p<0,0001). Quanto aos motivos para a última consulta odontológica, prevaleceu para o grupo S "tratamento" (42,9%) e "dor" (6,9%) enquanto para o grupo NS "revisão, prevenção ou check-up" (41,9%) e "extração" (8,1%) (p=0,0169). O grupo S mostrou-se mais satisfeito em relação à saúde bucal, com menor frequência de relatos sobre autopercepção de mau hálito (S=30,3%; NS=38,3%; p=0,0483). Não houve associação da autopercepção e impactos em saúde bucal (p>0,05). Conclusão Os grupos diferiram quanto à fonte de informações sobre saúde bucal, razão da busca e tipo de tratamento, e autopercepção de mau hálito, com o grupo Saúde referindo maior satisfação com sua saúde bucal.

Percepção de escolares e enfermeiros quanto às práticas educativas do programa saúde na escola / Students and nurses perception regarding the educational practices of the health at school program / Percepción de estudiantes y enfermeras sobre las prácticas educativas del programa de salud en la escuela

Objetivo: Identificar as dificuldades do enfermeiro nas ações desenvolvidas no PSE e avaliar a percepção dos alunos sobre o programa. Métodos: 6 enfermeiros e 358 alunos de escolas públicas vinculadas ao PSE do município de Parnaíba-Piauí-Brasil responderam a um questionário pré-testado, adequado ao público alvo: escolares ou profissionais. Resultados: Alunos reconheceram a atuação do enfermeiro no cenário escolar, mas a maioria relatou que não houve avaliação dos problemas de saúde, que não teve pressão arterial verificada, que não foram orientados sobre hábitos nutricionais e que nunca receberam orientações sobre vacinação. A ação com maior coerência nas respostas entre os participantes foi aferição do peso e altura (65,6%) e a de menor foi a avaliação da visão (15,4%). Conclusão: Os enfermeiros destacam que o excesso de atribuições na UBS, a ausência de envolvimento das escolas e a falta de articulação intersetorial são os principais problemas para a boa execução do PSE.

Objective: To identify the difficulties of the nurse performance in the actions carried out in the PSE, and to evaluate the student's perception about the program through validated questionnaires containing open and closed questions. Methods: 6 nurses and 358 students from public schools located in the city of Parnaíba-Piauí-Brazil answered a pre-tested questionnaire appropriate for the target audience: students or professionals. Results: Students acknowledged the nurse's performance in the school setting, but the majority reported that there was no assessment of health problems, no blood pressure checked, no orientation on nutritional habits and no guidance on vaccination. The action with the most coherence in the responses among the participants was the measurement of weight and height (65.6%) and the lowest was the assessment of vision (15.4%). Conclusion: The nurses highlight that the excess of assignments in the UBS, the lack of involvement of schools and the lack of intersectoral articulation are the main problems for the good execution of the PSE.

Objetivo: Identificar las dificultades de los enfermeros en las acciones desarrolladas en el PSE y evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre el programa. Métodos: 6 enfermeros y 358 estudiantes de escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Parnaíba-Piauí-Brasil respondieron un cuestionario previamente aprobado. Resultados: Los estudiantes reconocieron el desempeño de lo enfermero en el entorno escolar, pero la mayoría informó que no hubo una evaluación de los problemas de salud, no se verificó la presión arterial, no hubo orientación sobre los hábitos nutricionales y ningún consejo sobre la vacunación. La acción con la mayor coherencia en las respuestas entre los participantes fue la medición del peso y la altura (65,6%) y la más baja fue la evaluación de la visión (15,4%). Conclusión: Las enfermeras destacan que el exceso de atribuciones en la UBS, la falta de participación de las escuelas y la falta de articulación intersectorial son los principales problemas para la buena ejecución del PSE.

Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in a City without Fluoridation in its Water Supply: Effect of Sampling

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in a population not exposed to fluoridated water and to evaluate the effect of the sampling technique on this measurement. Material and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study was conducted in the city of Mariana, Brazil. The participants were selected based on age, so that they had access to fluoridated dentifrice during the formation of the permanent upper teeth. Based on a nominal survey of schoolchildren aged 14 to 19, a probabilistic sample of 304 such children was clinically examined. Dental fluorosis was measured by the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index. The prevalence of fluorosis identified in a previous study, conducted in 2011 in the same city, using the same methodology but employing convenience sampling, was used as a control to compare the effect of the two sampling techniques. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 3% based on the probabilistic sampling of the subjects. In the previous study, the prevalence of fluorosis was 7% (p<0.05) based on convenience sampling of the same age group. Both studies detected a Thylstrup-Fejerskov fluorosis index value of 1, corresponding to only a mild degree of dental fluorosis. Conclusion: The convenience sampling technique seems to have affected the prevalence of dental fluorosis identified, with a 4% difference between the two studies. The prevalence of dental fluorosis attributed to the use of fluoridated dentifrice in a population not exposed to fluoridation of the water supply was considered low.

Satisfaction of users of Psychosocial Care Centers.

OBJECTIVE: evaluate the satisfaction of users with the care provided at the Psychosocial Care Centers and its association with clinical and sociodemographic factors. METHOD: this cross-sectional study was conducted with 55 users from 5 Psychosocial Care Centers. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained through an individual structured interview. The abbreviated version of the Mental Health Services Satisfaction Scale (SATIS-BR) was used for data collection. RESULTS: were descriptively analyzed and simple and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for analysis of associations, estimating the gross and adjusted odds ratio, with the respective confidence intervals of 95%. Results: the age average of the sample was 40.1 (±12.4) years and the degree of satisfaction average was 4.56 (±0.45). Users with less education (primary school) had 5 times more chance of having less satisfaction (p<0.05). Users with frequency of intensive monitoring were 5 times more likely to have less satisfaction than users who receive monthly monitoring (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: the majority of users are satisfied with the service and factors such as low education and higher frequency of monitoring influenced the satisfaction.

Cirurgião-dentista do serviço público na formação de acadêmicos: importância do estágio em serviço / Dentists of public service in the professional formation of the student: the role of service internship

Estudo observacional transversal para avaliar a percepção do cirurgião-dentista do serviço público sobre a importância do estágio em serviço na formação de acadêmicos de odontologia. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado, autoadministrado e validado a todos os 38 cirurgiões-dentistas que atuavam nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Umuarama (Paraná) no ano de 2016. A taxa de resposta foi de 86,8% (33). Todos relataram que o estágio agrega conhecimentos e benefícios aos alunos. Verificou-se que 66,6% (22) dos profissionais não conheciam o significado da preceptoria na Odontologia, em contraponto 69,7% (23) referiram que o preceptor colabora na formação do aluno, contribuindo com a troca de conhecimentos e experiências clínicas. Apenas 3,0% (1) atua como preceptor, 33,3% (11) aceitariam a função e 45,5% (15) não aceitariam devido ao aumento de trabalho e inexistência de incentivo financeiro. Já exerceram a função 27,3% (9), porém se afastaram por falta de comprometimento do aluno, inadequação das UBS, aumento na função de trabalho e falta de incentivo financeiro. Embora reconheçam a importância do estágio, a maioria dos dentistas conhece parcialmente o conceito e responsabilidades da preceptoria e não se sentem incentivados para exercer tal função.

Observational cross-section study to evaluate the perception of the dentist surgeon of the public service on the importance of the internship in service in the formation of dentistry scholars. Structured questionnaire was applied, self-administered and validated to all 38 dental surgeons who performed in the basic health units of Umuarama (Paraná) in the year 2016. The response rate was 86.8% (33). They all reported that the internship adds knowledge and benefits to students. It was found that 66.6% (22) of the professionals did not know the meaning of the preceptor in dentistry, in counterpoint 69.7% (23) mentioned that the tutor collaborates in the formation of the student, contributing to the exchange of knowledge and clinical experiences. Only 3.0% (1) acts as preceptor, 33.3% (11) would accept the function and 45.5% (15) would not accept due to increased work and lack of financial incentive. They have already exercised the function 27.3% (9), but have moved away due to lack of commitment of the student, inadequacy of UBS, more work and little financial incentive. Although they recognize the importance of the internship, most know partially the concept and responsibilities of the preceptor and do not feel encouraged to exercise such a function.

Conhecimento e condutas realizadas por enfermeiros da atenção básica perante as síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez ­ SHG / Knowledge and conduct by nurses of basic attention against hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy - SHG

Foram avaliados o conhecimento e as condutas dos enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) perante a Síndrome Hipertensiva da Gravidez (SHG), no município de Guanambi - BA. Estudo descritivo quantitativo, desenvolvido com 25 enfermeiros que atuam ou atuaram na Estratégia de Saúde da família (ESF). Utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado, autoaplicável, contendo 14 questões relacionadas à identificação do profissional, conduta e conhecimento sobre SHG. Dados foram analisados por meio de tabelas de distribuição de frequências. Houve predominância do gênero feminino (80,0%), 83,4% tinham mais de 4 anos de formação, 76,0% atuavam na ESF em média 3 anos e 84,0% têm especialização. Identificou-se no período de 12 meses que 08 gestantes apresentaram quadro de SHG, destas, 06 tiveram acompanhamento na atenção secundária e 02 permaneceram com atendimento na ESF. Sobre referência e contra-referência, 64% (16) afirmaram que todas as gestantes continuam as consultas de pré-natal na unidade, 12% (03) relataram que a maioria das gestantes continuam com atendimento na unidade e 06 (24%) afirmaram não continuar. Os enfermeiros apresentaram dificuldades em identificar as complicações e consequências para desenvolvimento de SHG em gestantes atendidas na Estratégia Saúde da Família, sendo a maior dificuldade relacionada ao encaminhamento.

Were evaluated the knowledge and behaviors of nurses of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in relation to the Hypertensive Pregnancy Syndrome (HPS) in the municipality of Guanambi - BA. This is a quantitative descriptive study developed with 25 nurses who work or have worked in the Family Health Strategy (FHS). A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire containing 14 questions related to the identification of the professional, conduct, knowledge. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution tables. There was a predominance of female gender (80.0%), 83.4% had more than 4 years of education, 76.0% had a 3-year FHS, and 84.0% had specialization. It was identified in the 12-month period that 08 pregnant women presented SHG, of these, 06 had follow-up in the secondary care and 02 remained with care in the FHS. Regarding reference and contra-referral, 64% (16) stated that all pregnant women continued prenatal visits at the unit, 12% (03) reported that most of the pregnant women still attended the unit and 06 (24%) said not continue. Nurses presented difficulties in identifying complications and consequences for the development of FHS in pregnant women attended in the Family Health Strategy, being the greatest difficulty related to referral.

Análise do desempenho dos centros de especialidades odontológicas da região sudeste brasileira / Performance analysis of the specialized dental centers of the brazilian southeast region

Resumo Introdução Os Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) foram criados com o intuito de ampliar e qualificar a atenção especializada em saúde bucal no Brasil. Objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs) do Sudeste do Brasil e sua associação com variáveis demográficas e de caracterização do serviço. Metodo Foram avaliados 151 CEO, em 2012, pelo indicador Cumprimento Global de Metas. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial e avaliados em função das variáveis: Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), porte populacional, cobertura de Equipe de Saúde Bucal (ESB), tipo de CEO, estados da macrorregião e tipo de gestão municipal. Resultados 66,9% dos CEOs cumpriram a meta da atenção básica, 61,6% a de periodontia, 25,8% a de endodontia e 36,4% a de cirurgia. A maior cobertura de ESB (p=0,0466) e o menor IDHM (p=0,0389) associaram-se com o pior desempenho. Conclusão O estudo sinaliza um desempenho ruim para a maioria dos CEOs avaliados, associado à maior cobertura da ESB e menor IDHM, evidenciando a importância de reorganizar a prática, considerando que o planejamento das ações e serviços devem se pautar na realidade socioeconômica e na cobertura das ESB na Atenção Primária.

Abstract Background The Dental Specialties Centers (CEOs) were created with the purpose of expanding and qualifying specialized attention in oral health in Brazil. Objective to evaluate the performance of Dental Specialties Centers (CEOs) in the southeastern Brazilian, in relation to demographic and service characterization variables. Method A total of 151 CEOs were evaluated in 2012 by the Global Goal Compliance indicator. The information was obtained from the Outpatient Clinic Information System and evaluated according to the following variables: HDI, population size, Oral Health Team coverage (ESB), type of CEO, macro-region states and type of municipal management. Results 66.9% of the CEO met the basic care subgroup goal such as 61.6% to periodontics, 25.8% to endodontic and 36.4% to surgery. The higher coverage of ESB (p=0.0466) and the lower HDI (0.0389) were associated with the worse performance. Most CEOs presented poor performance and very poor performance due to GGM association with ESB coverage and HDI. Most of the population coverage was associated with CEOs classified as poor or very poor. Conclusion The study indicated low performance for most of the CEOs evaluated, showing association with the higher coverage of the ESB and lower IDHM evidencing the importance of reorganizing the practice, considering that the planning of the actions and services should be based on the socioeconomic reality and the coverage of the ESB in the Primary Care.

Association between familial risk and caries risk in 5 year old scholars / Associação entre risco familiar e de cárie em escolares de 5 anos

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association of familial social risk and caries risk in 5-year-old school students from the municipality of Coari. Methods: The sample consisted of 361 students from 3 schools in the city. Data were collected from file A of the Basic Attention Information System and from records of families enrolled in Family Health Units for the classification of families according to Family Social risk and caries risk was classified according to the Secretary of Health of São Paulo. A descriptive data analysis and a multiple logistic regression were performed to verify the possible association of family social risk with family social risk and demographic variables. Results: The results showed that 51% of the sample were female, the prevalence of caries was 67.6%; and dmf-t 3.16. There was an association of high social risk with prevalence, and high risk of caries. Conclusion: Therefore, children at high risk of caries were more likely to belong to families with higher social risk. Thus, this research indicates that the present tool for assessing family social risk can be used in other studies related to planning, organization and access to oral health services.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve objetivo de avaliar a associação do risco social familiar com risco de cárie em escolares de 5 anos de idade do município de Coari. Métodos: A amostra foi de 361 escolares provenientes de 3 escolas do município. Os dados foram coletados da ficha A do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica e dos prontuários das famílias cadastradas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família para a classificação das famílias de acordo com risco Social Familiar e o risco de cárie foi classificado de acordo com a Secretária de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados e regressão logística múltipla para verificar a possível associação dos riscos social familiar com o risco social familiar e variáveis demográficas. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 51% da amostra foram do sexo feminino, a prevalência de cárie foi 67,6%; e o ceo-d 3,16. Verificou-se associação do risco social alto com a prevalência, e alto risco à cárie. Conclusão: Crianças de alto risco à cárie apresentaram mais chances de pertencer a famílias de maior risco social. Assim, essa investigação indica que o presente instrumento de avaliação de risco social familiar pode ser empregado em outros estudos relacionados ao planejamento, organização e o acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal.

Notification of cases of HIV/AIDS among the elderly in the state of Ceará: the historical sequence between 2005 and 2014 / Notificação de casos de HIV/AIDS em idosos no estado do Ceará: série histórica entre os anos de 2005 a 2014

Objective: to describe the historical sequence and characteristics of reported cases of HIV/AIDS among the elderly in the state of Ceará from 2005 to 2014. Method: a descriptive study was carried out, based on the Ministry of Health database, available in SINAN (Disease Cases Notification Information System) from January 2005 to December 2014. The variables studied were: gender, race, schooling, marital status and exposure category. Result: a total of 10,299 new cases were reported in the state, 1.5% (151) of which related to the elderly. The majority of those affected lived in Fortaleza (85.6%), were aged between 60 and 69 years (86.8%), were male (60.9%), brown (61.6%), had a level of schooling below unfinished elementary (42%), were heterosexual (85.4%) and had a marital status of married (29.3%). The proportion of male/female cases peaked in 2005 (5.5: 1) and declined thereafter reaching an average value of 0.8: 1 in the period between 2008 and 2011, then increased again, reaching 3.3: 1 in 2014. The highest coefficients were observed in the groups with lower schooling. Conclusion: according to the notifications during the period evaluated, AIDS among the elderly showed a tendency of growth among men, aged between 60 and 69 years old, who were heterosexual, less educated and married. This justifies the strengthening of specific strategies aimed at this population with the objective of tackling the disease.

Objetivo: descrever a série histórica e as características dos casos notificados de HIV/AIDS em idosos do Estado do Ceará, no período de 2005 a 2014. Método: trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo, realizado a partir das bases de dados do Ministério da Saúde, disponíveis no SINAN (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação), no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2014. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, raça, escolaridade, situação conjugal e categoria de exposição. Resultado: no período do estudo, de um total de 10.299 novos casos notificados no Estado, 1,5% (151) referiu-se a idosos, a maioria de pessoas residentes em Fortaleza (85,6%), com idade entre 60 e 69 anos (86,8%), do sexo masculino (60,9%), de raça parda (61,6%), escolaridade inferior ao fundamental incompleto (42%), com comportamento heterossexual (85,4%) e estado civil casado (29,3%). A proporção de casos homem/mulher teve seu pico em 2005 (5,5:1) reduzindo a partir daí, atingindo o valor médio de 0,8:1 no período entre 2008 e 2011, e voltando a aumentar, chegando a 3,3:1 em 2014. Os maiores coeficientes foram observados nos grupos com menor escolaridade. Conclusão: devido ao crescimento observado de casos notificados entre homens, na faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos, heterossexuais, de menor escolaridade e casados justifica-se o desenvolvimento de ações específicas para essa população, visando ao enfrentamento da doença.