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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with complex pathogenesis and no effective treatment. Recent studies have shown that dysbiosis of the oral microflora is closely related to the development of PD. The abnormally distributed oral microflora of PD patients cause degenerative damage and necrosis of dopamine neurons by releasing their own components and metabolites, intervening in the oral-gut-brain axis, crossing the biofilm, inducing iron dysregulation, activating inter-microflora interactions, and through the mediation of saliva,ultimately influencing the development of the disease. This article reviews the structure of oral microflora in patients with PD, the mechanism of development of PD caused by oral microflora, and the potential value of targeting oral microflora in developing a new strategy for PD prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Disbiose , Boca , Doença de Parkinson , Doença de Parkinson/microbiologia , Humanos , Boca/microbiologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/fisiologia , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Saliva/metabolismo , Microbiota/fisiologiaRESUMO
Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration (CPUA) is one of the most serious areas suffering from ozone pollution in China. A comprehensive field observation focused on the ozone production rate and its sensitivity was conducted at CPUA in the summer of 2019. Six sampling sites were set and two ozone pollution episodes were recognized. The daily maximum 8-h average (MDA8) O3 concentration reached 137.9 ppbv in the urban sites during the ozone pollution episode. Peak concentration of O3 was closely related to intense solar radiation, high temperatures, and precursor emissions. The OH-HO2-RO2 radical chemistry and ozone production rate (P(O3)) were calculated using an observation-based model (OBM). The daily peak OH concentration varied in the range of 3-13 × 106 molecules cm-3, and peak HO2 and RO2 were in the range of 2-14 × 108 molecules cm-3 during ozone pollution episodes. During the ozone pollution episode, the average maximum of P(O3) in suburban sites (about 30 ppbv h-1.) was compared with urban sites, and the maximum of P(O3) was 18 ppbv h-1 in rural sites. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) results demonstrate that it was a VOCs-limited regime in the central urban area of Chengdu, with NOx suppression effect in some regions. In the southern neighboring suburb of Chengdu, it was VOCs-limited as well. However, the northern suburban area was a transition region. In the remote rural areas of the southern CPUA, it was highly NOx-limited. Local ozone production driven by the photochemical process is crucial to the ozone pollution formation in CPUA. The geographically differentiated recognition of the ozone regime found by this study can help to tailor control strategies for local conditions and avoid the negative effects of a one-size-fits-all approach.
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In this study, the chemical mechanisms of O3 and nitrate formation as well as the control strategy were investigated based on extensive observations in Tai'an city in the NCP and an observation-constrained box model. The results showed that O3 pollution was severe with the maximum hourly O3 concentration reaching 150 ppb. Higher O3 concentration was typically accompanied by higher PM2.5 concentrations, which could be ascribed to the common precursors of VOCs and NOx. The modeled averaged peak concentrations of OH, HO2, and RO2 were relatively higher compared to previous observations, indicating strong atmospheric oxidation capacity in the study area. The ROx production rate increased from 2.8 ppb h-1 to 5 ppb h-1 from the clean case to the heavily polluted case and was dominated by HONO photolysis, followed by HCHO photolysis. The contribution of radical-self combination to radical termination gradually exceeded NO2 + OH from clean to polluted cases, indicating that O3 formation shifted to a more NOx-limited regime. The O3 production rate increased from 14 ppb h-1 to 22 ppb h-1 from clean to heavily polluted cases. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) results showed that VOCs and NOx had comparable RIR values during most days, which suggested that decreasing VOCs or NOx was both effective in alleviating O3 pollution. In addition, HCHO, with the largest RIR value, made important contribution to O3 production. The Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) revealed that synergistic control of O3 and nitrate can be achieved by decreasing both NOx and VOCs emissions (e.g., alkenes) with the ratio of 3:1. This study emphasized the importance of NOx abatement for the synergistic control of O3 and nitrate pollution in the Tai'an area as the sustained emissions control has shifted the O3 and nitrate formation to a more NOx-limited regime.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system disease with high disability and mortality rates and complex pathophysiologic mechanisms. MicroRNA (miRNA), as a kind of non-coding RNA, plays an important role in SCI. miRNA is involved in the regulation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, axonal regeneration, and apoptosis after SCI, and interacts with long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) to regulate the pathophysiological process of SCI. This paper summarizes the changes in miRNA expression after SCI, and reviews the targeting mechanism of miRNA in SCI and the current research status of miRNA-targeted drugs to provide new targets and new horizons for basic and clinical research on SCI.
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MicroRNAs , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/genética , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Humanos , Animais , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/fisiologia , RNA Circular/genética , RNA Circular/fisiologia , RNA Circular/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Apoptose/genéticaRESUMO
Ferroptosis is a novel style of cell death, and studies have shown that ferroptosis is strongly associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). A large number of ferroptosis inhibitors have been reported, but so far no ferroptosis inhibitor has been used clinically. Therefore there is an urgent need to discover a better inhibitor of ferroptosis. In this study, 24 novel sulfonamide phenothiazine ferroptosis inhibitors were designed and synthesized, followed by structure-activity relationship studies on these compounds. Among them, compound 23b exhibited the best activity in Erastin-induced PC12 cells (EC50 = 0.001 µM) and demonstrated a low hERG inhibition activity (IC50 > 30 µM). Additionally, compound 23b was identified as a ROS scavenger and showed promising therapeutic effects in an SD rat model of SCI. Importantly, 23b did not display significant toxicity in both in vivo and in vitro experiments and show good pharmacokinetic properties. These findings suggest that compound 23b, a novel ferroptosis inhibitor, holds potential as a therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury and warrants further investigation.
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Desenho de Fármacos , Ferroptose , Fenotiazinas , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Sulfonamidas , Animais , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/patologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenotiazinas/farmacologia , Fenotiazinas/síntese química , Fenotiazinas/química , Fenotiazinas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Células PC12 , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Background: The diagnosis of gastric atrophy is highly subjective, and we aimed to establish a model of gastric atrophy based on pathological features to improve diagnostic consistency. Methods: We retrospectively collected the HE-stained pathological slides of gastric biopsies and used CellProfiler software for image segmentation and feature extraction of ten representative images for each sample. Subsequently, we employed the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to select features and different machine learning (ML) algorithms to construct the diagnostic models for gastric atrophy. Results: We selected 289 gastric biopsy specimens for training, testing, and external validation. We extracted 464 pathological features and screened ten features by LASSO to establish the diagnostic model for moderate-to-severe atrophy. The range of area under the curve (AUC) for various machine learning algorithms was 0.835-1.000 in the training set, 0.786-0.949 in the testing set, and 0.689-0.818 in the external validation set. LR model had the highest AUC value, with 0.900 (95% CI: 0.852-0.947) in the training set, 0.901 (95% CI: 0.807-0.996) in the testing set, and 0.818 (95% CI: 0.714-0.923) in the external validation set. The atrophy pathological score based on the LR model was associated with endoscopic atrophy grading (Z=-2.478, P=0.013) and gastric cancer (GC) (OR=5.70, 95% CI: 2.63-12.33, P<0.001). Conclusion: The ML model based on pathological features could improve the diagnostic consistency of gastric atrophy, which is also associated with endoscopic atrophy grading and GC.
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Hydroxyl radicals (OH) determine the tropospheric self-cleansing capacity, thus regulating air quality and climate. However, the state-of-the-art mechanisms still underestimate OH at low nitrogen oxide and high volatile organic compound regimes even considering the latest isoprene chemistry. Here we propose that the reactive aldehyde chemistry, especially the autoxidation of carbonyl organic peroxy radicals (R(CO)O2) derived from higher aldehydes, is a noteworthy OH regeneration mechanism that overwhelms the contribution of the isoprene autoxidation, the latter has been proved to largely contribute to the missing OH source under high isoprene condition. As diagnosed by the quantum chemical calculations, the R(CO)O2 radicals undergo fast H-migration to produce unsaturated hydroperoxyl-carbonyls that generate OH through rapid photolysis. This chemistry could explain almost all unknown OH sources in areas rich in both natural and anthropogenic emissions in the warm seasons, and may increasingly impact the global self-cleansing capacity in a future low nitrogen oxide society under carbon neutrality scenarios.
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The study investigates the association of coffee consumption and odds of osteoporosis/osteopenia among individuals older than 50 years in the United States. In NHANES 2005-2014, drinking ≤ 2 cups(16 oz) of coffee per day can reduce the risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in US adults. Previous epidemiological studies revealed that daily coffee intake reduced the incidence of a cluster of metabolic diseases, however, the link between coffee consumption and prevalence of osteoporosis/osteopenia still remain inconclusive and awaits further confirmation. Based on data collection from 2005 to 2014 survey cycles, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a sample size of 8789 participants aged 50 and above completing two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls were eventually enrolled for analysis. Associations between coffee intake and BMD were assessed. A lower odds of having femoral neck osteopenia/osteoporosis (FOO) was observed in participants with moderate intake of coffee (≤ 2 cups per day), rather than other beverages (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95; p = 0.01). Moreover, significant associations existed between daily caffeine intake and both FOO and lumbar-spine osteopenia/osteoporosis (LOO). Even after adjusting for decaffeinated coffee, tea, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and coffee consumption, osteopenia and osteoporosis the odds remained lower at both femoral and neck levels. Our data suggest moderate habitual coffee intake (≤ 2 cups coffee/day) would have protective effects against osteoporosis/osteopenia of femoral neck and spine, among US adults over the age of 50.
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Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas , Osteoporose , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Idoso , Café/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estudos Transversais , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Vértebras Lombares/metabolismoRESUMO
To investigate the characteristics, source apportionment, and potential source areas of carbonaceous aerosols in Chongqing during winter, PM2.5 samples were collected from January 2021 to February 2021 in the urban areas of Wanzhou (WZ), Yubei (YB), and Shuangqiao (SQ). The results showed that the average mass concentrations of PM2.5, OC, and EC in SQ were (72.6 ±33.3), (18.2 ±8.2), and (4.4 ±1.7) µg·m-3, respectively, higher than those in WZ[(67.2 ±30.3), (17.2 ±7.4), and (5.1 ±2.4) µg·m-3] and YB[(63.4 ±25.7), (15.4 ±6.3), and (4.2 ±1.9) µg·m-3]. Compared with that during the clear period, the concentration and fraction of EC in total carbon increased by 103.0% and 8.1%, respectively, in WZ compared to that in other areas during pollution period, whereas the OC/EC ratio was decreased significantly (-10.5%), indicating that the primary emission of carbonaceous aerosols increased significantly during the pollution period. The average mass concentrations of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in SQ and YB were (7.7 ±4.8) µg·m-3 and (6.9 ±2.8) µg·m-3 significantly higher, respectively, than that in WZ[(4.5 ±1.9) µg·m-3] during the campaign. This indicated that the secondary transformation had a greater influence on the carbonaceous aerosols in SQ and YB than that in WZ. Furthermore, in contrast to that in WZ, the ratios of SOC/OC were increased with the increase in PM2.5 concentrations, and significant correlations between SOC concentration and aerosol water content, NO2 concentration, and the value of NOR were observed in SQ and YB (P < 0.01), indicating that the increasing of carbonaceous aerosol concentrations might be mainly driven by the SOC with -NO2 groups produced by aqueous chemical reactions during winter in SQ and YB. The positive definite matrix factor (PMF) results in these urban areas showed that the contribution of biomass/coal combustion source in WZ (47.4%) was significantly higher than that in YB (34.2%) and SQ (38.1%), whereas the gasoline motor vehicle emission and secondary transformation impacts were more significant in YB. The results of the concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) showed that the potential sources of carbonaceous aerosols were mainly the local and northeastern parts of these urban areas (such as Changshou).
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In order to qualitatively evaluate the impact of urea-in-water solution on the particle number emission, five different urea types were chosen under diesel engine bench test. The results show that compared to the instantaneous particle concentrations without injection, the instantaneous particle concentrations with injection increase distinctly, which are larger around 0.3-1.2 times than that without urea-in-water solution. At high speed phase, the instantaneous particle concentrations with urea-in-water solution injection rise obviously, especially for C and E solutions. In addition, the particle size distribution characteristic does not change with the urea-in-water solution dosing. The PN emission factors follow the sequence of C solution > E solution > A solution > B solution > D solution. It is deduced that the metallic element contents in the urea-in-water solution play a key role for the PN emission factor. In the future, the particle formation due to urea-in-water solution injection should be given more attention.
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Ureia , Emissões de Veículos , Tamanho da Partícula , Emissões de Veículos/análise , Água , Gasolina/análise , Material Particulado/análiseRESUMO
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious problem in the central nervous system resulting in high disability and mortality with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Oxidative stress is one of the main secondary reactions of SCI, and its main pathophysiological marker is the production of excess reactive oxygen species. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species and insufficient antioxidant capacity lead to the occurrence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and the dysregulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation leads to further aggravation of damage. Oxidative stress can initiate a variety of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, and targeted antioxidant therapy can greatly reduce oxidative stress and reduce neuroinflammation, which has a certain positive effect on rehabilitation and prognosis in SCI. This article reviewed the research on different types of antioxidants and related treatments in SCI, focusing on the mechanisms of oxidative stress.
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Antioxidantes , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Humanos , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/metabolismoRESUMO
In this study, Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) and CaO NPs were loaded on the zeolite sphere carrier to create nano Fe-Ca bimetallic oxide (Fe-Ca-NBMO) modified substrate, which was introduced into constructed wetland (CW) to remove Cu(II) and Ni(II) via constructing "substrate-microorganism" system. Adsorption experiments showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacities of Fe-Ca-NBMO modified substrate for Cu(II) and Ni(II) were respectively 706.48 and 410.59 mg/kg at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, 2.45 and 2.39 times of gravel. The Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal efficiencies in CW with Fe-Ca-NBMO modified substrate respectively reached 99.7% and 99.9% at an influent concentration of 100 mg/L, significantly higher than those in gravel-based CW (47.0% and 34.3%). Fe-Ca-NBMO modified substrate could promote Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal by increasing electrostatic adsorption, chemical precipitation, as well as the abundances of resistant microorganisms (Geobacter, Desulfuromonas, Zoogloea, Dechloromonas, and Desulfobacter) and functional genes (copA, cusABC, ABC.CD.P, gshB, and exbB). This study provided an effective method to enhance Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal of electroplating wastewater by CW with Fe-Ca-NBMO modified substrate.
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Excessive accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in constructed wetland (CW) substrate can lead to bio-clogging and affect the long-term stable operation of CW. In this study, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was coupled with air-photocathode to mitigate CW bio-clogging by enhancing the micro-electric field environment. Because TiO2/biochar could catalyze and accelerate oxygen reduction reaction, further promoting the gain of electric energy, the electricity generation of the tandem CW-photocatalytic fuel cell (CW-PFC) reached 90.78 mW m-3. After bio-clogging was mitigated in situ in tandem CW-PFC, the porosity of CW could be restored to about 62.5 % of the initial porosity, and the zeta potential of EPS showed an obvious increase (-14.98 mV). The removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in tandem CW-PFC were respectively 31.8 ± 7.2 % and 86.1 ± 6.8 %, higher than those in control system (21.1 ± 11.0 % and 73.3 ± 5.6 %). Tandem CW-PFC could accelerate the degradation of EPS into small molecules (such as aromatic protein) by enhancing the electron transfer. Furthermore, microbiome structure analysis indicated that the enrichment of characteristic microorganisms (Anaerovorax) for degradation of protein-related pollutants, and electroactive bacteria (Geobacter and Trichococcus) promoted EPS degradation and electron transfer. The degradation of EPS might be attributed to the up-regulation of the abundances of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. This study provided a promising new strategy for synergic mitigation and prevention of bio-clogging in CW by coupling with MFC and photocatalysis.
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Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Áreas Alagadas , Águas Residuárias , Eletrodos , EletricidadeRESUMO
Exploring oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with superior electrochemical performance and long-term stability is crucial to the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, graphited carbon with high specific surface area was obtained under relatively low temperature using Ni catalyst, then ordered nanoparticles (NPs) PtNi catalysts attaching to graphited carbon were synthesized via polyol reduction and thermal treatment. Benefiting from graphitized carbon support and appropriate order degree, PtNi/GC-700 NPs catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic ORR performance with specific and mass activities as high as 2.8-fold and 3.7-fold of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Besides, the as-prepared PtNi/GC-700 catalyst exhibits superior stability with negligible degradation after 10000 potential cycles, due to its ordered chemical structure. The work described herein highlights the potential of structurally ordered electrocatalysts for efficient and durable fuel cell cathodic catalysts.
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Here we report the measurements of two types of organic nitrates (ONs), peroxy nitrates (PNs) and alkyl nitrates (ANs), in Chengdu, China, during summer 2019. The average concentrations of PNs and ANs were 1.3 ± 1.1 ppbv and 0.5 ± 0.3 ppbv during the day, with peaks of 7.7 ppbv and 1.9 ppbv, respectively, which were in the middle and upper end of the reported levels in China. Much higher PNs and ANs concentrations were found during the photochemical pollution period than during the clean period. Box model simulation was capable of reproducing PNs during photochemical pollution episodes but showed overestimation in other periods, which was likely caused by the simplification of PNs sinks. The OH oxidation of aldehydes and ketones was the most important source of the PNs precursors, PAs (peroxyacyl radicals), except for the thermal decomposition of PNs, which was further confirmed by the relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analysis. The model basically reproduced the observed ANs by the refinement of related mechanisms, with isoprene contributing to its formation by 29.2 %. The observed PNs and total oxidants (Ox = NO2 + O3) showed a good positive correlation, with a ratio of PNs to Ox of 0.079, indicating a strong suppression of PNs chemistry to ozone formation. The model quantified the suppression of PNs chemistry on the peak ozone production rate by 21.3 % on average and inhibited ozone formation up to 20 ppbv in total. The RIR analysis suggests that the production of both O3 and ANs was in the VOC-limited regime and highlights the importance of VOC control (especially aromatics) to mitigate photochemical pollution in Chengdu. The study deepens the understanding of photochemical pollution in urban areas of western China and further emphasizes the impacts of ONs chemistry on ozone pollution.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Ozônio , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Ozônio/análise , Poluição Ambiental/análise , China , Nitratos/análiseRESUMO
A single-chamber microbial fuel cell-microbial electrolytic cell with a novel constructed wetland system was proposed for synergistic degradation of congo red and reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases. The closed-circuit system showed higher chemical oxygen demand and congo red removal efficiencies by 98 % and 96 % on average, respectively, than traditional constructed wetland. It could also significantly reduce the emissions of CH4 and N2O (about 52 % CO2-equivalents) by increasing the electron transfer. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that the progressive enrichment of dye-degrading microorganisms (Comamonas), electroactive bacteria (Tolumonas, Trichococcus) and denitrifying microorganisms (Dechloromonas) promoted pollutant removal and electron transfer. Based on gene abundance of xenobiotics biodegradation, the congo red biodegradation pathway was described as congo red â naphthalene and alcohols â CO2 and H2O. In summary, the single-chamber closed-circuit system could significantly improve the degradation of congo red and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases by influencing electron transfer and microbial activity.
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Gases de Efeito Estufa , Gases de Efeito Estufa/análise , Áreas Alagadas , Compostos Azo/metabolismo , Vermelho Congo , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Óxido Nitroso/análise , Metano/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic autoimmune diseases specific to thyroid and mainly include Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto' thyroiditis (HT). The adaptive immunoreactivity of CD4+ T cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AITDs, but very little has been known about its changes in disease status. METHODS: We collected peripheral CD4+ T cells from 12 GD patients, including 6 newly diagnosed GD (NGD) and 6 refractory GD (RGD) patients, 6 HT patients and 6 healthy controls, and examined the gene expression profiles and colon types of T cells receptor (TCR) ß chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) using high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS: The TCR repertoire were significantly expanded in AITDs groups, and some TCR genes were expressed more preferentially in AITDs group than in the healthy control group, including TRBV15 (P = 0.001), TRBV4-2 (P = 0.003), TRBV9 (P = 0.007), TRBV3-2 (P = 0.012), TRBV7-8 (P = 0.015), TRBV25-1 (P = 0.019), TRBV12-4 (P = 0.019) and TRBV27 (P = 0.02) in GD patients as well as TRBV29-1 (P = 0.004), TRBV12-4 (P = 0.004), TRBV6-5 (P = 0.011), TRBV7-2 (P = 0.012), TRBV27 (P = 0.012), TRBV9 (P = 0.031) and TRBV4-2 (P = 0.032) in HT patients. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that the difference in the TCR spectrum between the normal group and NGD was not obvious, but a large number of differential genes appeared in the RGD group. CONCLUSION: TCR spectrum has changed in patients with AITDs with expanded repertoire and many upregulated TRBV genes. Moreover, this difference is not apparent in GD patients at the initial stage, but as the disease progresses, the differences in TCR profiles became more pronounced.
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Doenças Autoimunes , Doença de Graves , Doença de Hashimoto , Doenças Autoimunes/genética , Doença de Graves/genética , Doença de Graves/patologia , Doença de Hashimoto/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Oligopeptídeos/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genéticaRESUMO
Supports can widely affect or even dominate the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of metal nanoparticles through various metal-support interactions (MSIs). However, underlying principles have not been fully understood yet, because MSIs are influenced by the composition, size, and facet of both metals and supports. Using Ru/TiO2 supported on rutile and anatase as model catalysts, we demonstrate that metal-support interfacial compatibility can critically control MSI modes and catalytic performances in CO2 hydrogenation. Annealing Ru/rutile-TiO2 in air can enhance CO2 conversion to methane resulting from enhanced interfacial coupling driven by matched lattices of RuOx with rutile-TiO2; annealing Ru/anatase-TiO2 in air decreases CO2 conversion and converts the product into CO owing to strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). Although rutile and anatase share the same chemical composition, we show that interfacial compatibility can basically modify metal-support coupling strength, catalyst morphology, surface atomic configuration, MSI mode, and catalytic performances of Ru/TiO2 in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic organ-specific autoimmune diseases, mainly including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, contain a variety of biologically active substances that play a role in information exchange, thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of diseases. However, it is unclear whether exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of AITDs. In this study, the role of exosomes in AITDs was explored from a proteomics perspective. Plasma exosomes were isolated from 12 patients with GD, 10 patients with HT, and seven normal controls (NC). Protein profiles were detected using the data-independent acquisition (DIA) method and analyzed to investigate changes in plasma exosome proteins. In the setting of GD, 11 proteins were upregulated while 197 proteins were downregulated compared with healthy people. Among them, MAP1S (log2 FC = 4.669, p = 0.009) and VAMP8 (log2 FC = 3.216, p = 0.003) were the most significantly upregulated, and RSU1 (log2 FC = -6.797, p = 0.001), ACTB (log2 FC = -4.795, p < 0.001), and CXCL7 (log2 FC = -4.674, p < 0.001) were the most significantly downregulated. In the cases of HT, HGFL (log2 FC = 2.766, p = 0.001), FAK1 (log2 FC = 2.213, p < 0.001), and PTN12 (log2 FC = 1.624, p < 0.001) were significantly upregulated, while PSMF1 (log2 FC = -3.591, p < 0.001), PXL2B (log2 FC = -2.622, p = 0.001), and CYTM (log2 FC = -1.609, p < 0.001) were the most downregulated. These differential proteins were mainly enriched in the immune system and metabolic system, indicating that plasma exosomes may play an important role in systemic immune imbalance in AITDs.
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Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Exossomos/imunologia , Doença de Graves/sangue , Doença de Graves/imunologia , Doença de Hashimoto/sangue , Doença de Hashimoto/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/sangue , Adulto , Proteínas Sanguíneas/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Exossomos/metabolismo , Feminino , Doença de Graves/etiologia , Doença de Hashimoto/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Serial de Proteínas , Proteômica , Adulto JovemRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628621.].