[Mechanism of catgut embedding at back-shu points for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of catgut embedding at back-shu points on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats based on IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway and downstream inflammatory factors. METHODS: Eighty SPF SD rats were selected, among them 10 rats were selected divided into a normal group (group A), and the remaining 70 rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish NASH model. At the end of 12 weeks, 10 rats were randomly selected to verify whether the model establishment was successful. Then the remaining 60 rats were randomly divided into a model group (group B), a catgut embedding at back-shu points group (group C), a catgut embedding at abdominal points group (group D), an acupuncture at back-shu points group (group E), a sham catgut embedding group (group F) and a western medication group (group G), 10 rats in each group. The rats in the group C were treated with catgut embedding at "Ganshu" (BL 18), "Pishu" (BL 20), "Weishu" (BL 21) and "Shenshu" (BL 23); the rats in the group D were treated with catgut embedding at "Daheng" (SP 15), "Fujie" (SP 14), "Huaroumen" (ST 24) and "Tianshu" (ST 25); the rats in the group E were treated with acupuncture at the same acupoints as the group C; the rats in the group F were treated with catgut embedding at back-shu points but the needle did not enter subcutaneous tissue gamma; the rats in the group G were treated with intragastric administration of vitamin E capsule. All the treatment was given for 4 weeks. The rats in the group A were fed with normal diet until the end of 16 weeks without any intervention. The rats in the group B continued to be fed with high-fat diet until the end of 16 weeks. After the intervention, the liver index was calculated; the liver histomorphology was observed by HE staining; the liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and blood lipid [serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL)] were measured by serum biochemistry. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ßwere detected by ELISA, and the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α proteins in liver tissue were detected by Western blot. The temperature of the conception vessel and the governor vessel was measured by infrared thermography. RESULTS: Compared with the group A, the obvious steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the group B, and the body weight, liver wet-weight and liver index were all increased (P<0.01). Compared with the group B, the liver tissue morphology in the group C, the group D, the group E and the group G was improved in varying degrees, and the liver index was decreased (P<0.05), which was the most significant in the group C (P<0.05). Compared with the group A, the ALT, γ-GGT, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß were all increased in the group B (P<0.01); compared with the group B, the ALT, γ-GGT, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß in all intervention groups were all decreased in varying degrees (P<0.01, P<0.05), which was the most significant in the group C (P<0.01). Compare with the group A, the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ßproteins in the group B were all increased (P<0.01); compared with the group B, the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ßproteins in all intervention groups were decreased in varying degrees (P<0.05), which was the most significant in the group C (P<0.01). Compared with the group A, the temperature of the conception vessel and governor vessel was decreased in the group B (P<0.01). Compared with the group B, the temperature of the conception vessel and governor vessel was all increased in the group C, the group D and the group E (P<0.01); the temperature of the conception vessel in the group C was similar to that in the group D (P>0.05), while the temperature of the governor vessel in the group C was superior to that in the group D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The catgut embedding at back-shu points might inhibit the activation of IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway to interrupt the inflammatory cascade, and reduce the "second hit" of inflammatory factors on liver, which could slow down NASH progress and prevent and treat NASH.

High concentrations of serum interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in patients with bipolar disorder.

Immune system dysregulation plays a key role in the physiopathology of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether interleukins might be biomarkers to distinguish these 2 affective disorders is unclear. Here, we assessed the differences in serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with MDD and BD. In total, we enrolled 21 MDD patients, 26 BD patients, and 20 healthy controls. We collected a total of 35 samples from BD patients in 3 different phases, depression phase, manic phase, and remission stage, and 27 samples from MDD patients in acute and remission phases. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were assessed with solid phase sandwich ELISA-based quantitative arrays, and CRP levels were determined with an automatic analyzer. Both serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were elevated in BD patients but not MDD patients. Subgroup analysis indicated elevated serum IL-6 in both the depression and manic phases in BD patients. The serum CRP levels did not change in either BD or MDD patients. However, sex differences in CRP concentrations were observed in healthy controls. Furthermore, there were linear correlations between the CRP levels and Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (BRMS) scores in BD patients. IL-6 and IL-8 levels may serve as biomarkers to differentiate between MDD and BD patients, even when the clinical manifestations are atypical. IL-6 may be used for the differential diagnosis of MDD and depressive episodes in BD.