MnFe layered double hydroxides confined MnOx for peroxymonosulfate activation: A novel manner for the selective production of singlet oxygen.

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a reactive species for the selective degradation of stubborn organic pollutants. Given its resistance to harsh water environment, the effective and exclusive generation of 1O2 is acknowledged as a key strategy to mitigate water production costs and ensure water supply safety. Herein, we synthesized MnOx intercalated MnFe layered double hydroxides (MF-MnOx) to selectively produce 1O2 through the activation of PMS. The distinctive confined structure endowed MF-MnOx with a special pathway for the PMS activation. The direct oxidation of BPA on the intercalated MnOx induced the charge imbalance in the MnFe-LDH layer, resulting in the selective generation of 1O2. Moreover, acceptable activity deterioration of MF-MnOx was observed in a 10 h continuous degradation test in actual water, substantiating the application potential of MF-MnOx. This work presents a novel catalyst for the selective production of 1O2, and evaluates its prospects in the remediation of micro-polluted water.

The Clinical Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Conventional Drug Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Knee osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative joint disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Intra-articular injection for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis is a regularly utilized nonsurgical treatment in modern medicine. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are two frequently employed intra-articular devices. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an accepted nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic KOA, and platelet-rich plasma is a popular option in the treatment of KOA in recent years. The purpose of this research is to compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus hyaluronic acid (HA) on the pain score scale, knee function, and related inflammatory biomarkers in KOA patients using a clinical randomized controlled trial. Participants are being randomized into either the hyaluronic acid (HA) or into the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group. All patients receive 4 weeks of treatment (once a week), and well-being support and quadriceps training (3 times a week). The primary outcomes are measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the visual analog scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes include the activities of daily living score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein testing, interleukin-6 levels, and X-ray examination. In order to monitor the occurrence of irregularities and abnormalities, patients are assessed at each visit, and restorative treatment is given if necessary. The results of this clinical trial will verify the efficacy of PRP and HA in the treatment of KOA and provide important evidence for the clinical treatment of KOA. The trial was enlisted at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 26 September 2020 (ChiCTR2000038635).

[Effect of internal heat-type acupuncture needle on the expression of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand and receptor activator of NF-κB of subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of internal heat-type acupuncture needle on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rabbits, so as to explore its mechanisms in relieving KOA. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control, model and treatment groups, with 10 rabbits in each group. The KOA model was established by using Hulth method. The rabbits of the treatment group received internal heat-type acupuncture needles (42 ℃) on the left hind limb 20 min, once a week for 4 weeks. The behavioral scores were assessed according to the pain severity, gait, joint motion range and articular swelling severity in reference to the modified Lequesne's methods. Toluidine Blue staining was performed to observe the structure of the subchondral bone and to analyze the difference of morphometric parameters. The protein and mRNA expressions of OPG, RANKL and RANK were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the Lequesne total score, the separation degree of trabecular bone, the protein and mRNA expressions of RANKL and RANK in subchondral bone tissues were significantly increased in the model group, while the percentage of trabecular bone area, number of trabecular bone, the expression of OPG protein and mRNA were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The above indexes were all reversed in the treatment group relevant to those of the model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The internal heat-type acupuncture needle therapy can improve the motor function of rabbits with KOA, which may be related to its effects in up-regulating the expression of OPG and down-regulating the RANKL and RANK in subchondral bone tissue.