Practice and Effect Evaluation of Preoperative Management Strategy for Patients Undergoing Day Arthroscopic Surgery Based on Evidence-Based Concept.

Objective: To improve the preoperative management of patients undergoing day arthroscopy. Methods: Based on the evidence-based concept, the preoperative management strategy of daytime arthroscopic surgery was practiced, and the implementation effect of patients undergoing daytime arthroscopic surgery before and after evidence application was compared. The evidence-based strategies adopted in this study include: informed consent,seven aspects: anesthesia assessment, health education, prohibition of drinking and eating, preoperative medication guidance, surgical arrangement, and emergency management. Results: After applying evidence-based strategies, significant improvements were observed in various quality indicators, including reduced waiting time, reduced surgical cancellations, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced unplanned hospitalization rates. Conclusion: Based on the evidence-based concept, the practice of preoperative management strategies for patients undergoing daytime arthroscopic surgery optimizes the daytime surgical process from the strict implementation of patient health education and evaluation, as well as the establishment of compliant and reasonable surgical schedules and emergency mechanisms. This improves the preoperative management behavior of daytime surgery, enhances the patient's medical experience, and enhances the quality of daytime surgical care, providing a good basis for management and decision-making.

[Chemical constituents from Alangium chinense subsp. pauciflorum].

Chemical constituents of 70% ethanol extract of Alangium chinense subsp. pauciflorum were investigated. The 70% ethanol extract of A. chinense subsp. pauciflorum was isolated and purified by D-101 macroporous resins, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and other methods. As a result, nineteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4-cyclohexene-1α,2α,3α-triol-1-O-ß-D-glucoside(1), 1ß,4α,6α,13-tetrahydroxy-eudesm-11(12)-ene(2), sucrose(3), 1'-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″→6')-ß-D-glucopyranoside(4), bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate(5),(Z)-10-heneicosenoic acid(6), di-O-methylcrenati(7), methyl-α-D-fructofuranoside(8), ß-daucosterol(9), syringic acid(10), vanillicacid(11), octacosanol(12), isoarborinol(13), 2,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxylate(14),vanillin(15), coniferyl aldehyde(16), 9(11)-dehydroergosterolperoxide(17), 5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3ß-ol(18), ß-sitosterol(19), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, compounds 5-11, 13, 15-18 were isolated from Alangium for the first time.The anti-inflammatory activity of compourd 1 was determinded by the LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation model. The results showed that the new compound 1 has a certain inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production of RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibitory rate was 54.57%.

Interaction between XRCC2 gene polymorphism and abdominal obesity on risk of endometrial carcinoma.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within X-Ray Repair Cross Complementary Group 2 (XRCC2) gene and additional gene- abdominal obesity (AO) interaction with endometrial carcinoma (EC) risk. METHODS: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested for all participants by using SNPstats (online software: http://bioinfo.iconcologia.net/SNPstats). The best SNP-SNP and gene-AO interaction combination among three SNPs within XRCC2 gene and AO was screened using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR). RESULTS: We employed the logistic regression analysis showed that rs718282-T allele is associated with increased EC risk, adjusted ORs (95%CI) were 1.67 (1.23-2.04). However, we did not find statistical association between rs3218536, and rs3218384 and EC susceptibility. GMDR analysis was used for SNP-SNP- and gene-abdominal obesity analysis. The cross-validation consistency and the testing accuracy for the interaction were calculated. The two-locus model between rs718282 and AO had a testing accuracy of 60.11%, which was significant at the p < .001 level, and this two- locus model was considered as the best model. It provided statistical evidence for rs718282 gene-AO interaction effects. The results indicated that AO influenced the EC risk depending on the rs718282 genotypes. Compared with non- AO subjects with rs718282-CC genotype, AO subjects with rs718282-CT or TT genotype had the highest EC risk, OR (95%CI) was 2.83 (1.67 - 4.02), after covariates adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Both the rs718282- T allele, and its interaction with AO were associated with increased EC risk.

Alkaline Phosphatase for Estimating the Time since Deposition of Blood Fingerprints by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

Blood is one of the most frequent and valuable traces encountered at crime scenes, where knowing the time since deposition (TSD) of bloodstains tremendously assists forensic experts to screen out crime-related evidence and aids in the reconstruction of the event sequence. Although increasing proof-of-concept methodologies for investigating the TSD of bloodstains have been reported, there is still no accepted strategy in forensic practice as the aging mechanism involves complex components, leading to the inaccuracy of the estimation results. Herein, an endogenous biomarker of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was chosen to investigate the TSD by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Results demonstrate that the ALP activity acquired via SECM lateral scan assay exhibited a clear decrease over time, and a similar trend was observed on both poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane and glass, with the aging kinetics on PVDF membrane being faster than glass. By means of quantitatively calculating the flux of generated p-aminophenol (PAP), we established the aging curve and realized the TSD estimation of blood fingerprints (BFPs) that was unable to be distinguished via optical measurements. Intriguingly, the as-obtained estimation accuracy ranged from 74.6 to 93.7%, proving the possibility of using an ALP biomarker and SECM. More appealingly, the predicted TSDs were capable of accurately differentiating the deposition sequence of overlapping BFPs, which was hardly achieved by optical means. Therefore, this proof-of-concept strategy demonstrates the value of SECM as a forensic tool and opens possibilities for revealing multidimensional information about crime.

Microscale Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Four Corrosion Inhibitors (BTA, MBI, MBT, and MBO) on Archeological Silver Artifacts Based on Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy.

The problem of corrosion-induced discoloration and embrittlement in silverware is a significant concern for the long-term preservation of excavated archeological silver artifacts, even after thermal restoration. The key to addressing this issue lies in the meticulous selection and evaluation of corrosion inhibitors that possess targeted corrosion inhibition capabilities. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for archeological silver artifacts using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The researchers aimed to compare the inhibition effects of four corrosion inhibitors [1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO)] on a simulated Ag-Cu alloy sample and understand their mechanisms. The results showed that MBT exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher silver content due to its ability to form stable chelation structures with Ag(I). MBO exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher copper content due to its strong affinity with Cu(I). The targeted corrosion inhibition ability for the ß-phase was ranked as MBO > BTA ≈ MBI > MBT, while for the α-phase the ranking was MBT > MBO > MBI > BTA. The study demonstrated the feasibility and capabilities of SECCM in the targeted screening of corrosion inhibitors for different compositions and microstructural regions in archeological metal artifacts. This study highlights the potential of SECCM in corrosion inhibitor research for archeological metal artifacts and wider applications in metal material corrosion protection.

Wet nitrocellulose membrane for the level 3 feature visualization of various latent fingerprints and gender determination.

A facile and high-resolution enhancement of latent fingerprints (LFPs) has been developed by using a wet nitrocellulose (NC) membrane as a matrix under natural light. A clear fingerprint pattern was presented on the membrane after a fingertip touch owing to the difference in light transmittance between the ridge residues and the wet-NC-membrane background. Compared with conventional methods, this protocol can provide a higher resolution fingerprint image to extract level 3 details accurately. It is also compatible with commonly used fingerprint visualization techniques (magnetic ferric oxide powder and AgNO3. The modified membrane could be more general to realize the high-resolution visualization of LFP transferred from various substrates, even independent of light projection. Due to the excellent feasibility and reproducibility of level 3 details extracted by the wet NC membrane, the frequency distribution of the distance between adjacent sweat pores (FDDasp) could be used to effectively distinguish the fragmentary fingerprints. Finally, the level 3 features of LFPs from females and males were conveniently extracted by the wet-NC-membrane method for gender identification. The statistical results indicated that females had a higher average sweat pore density (115/9 mm2) than males (84/9 mm2). Taken together, this approach provided a high-resolution, reproducible, and accurate imaging of LFPs, which shows great promise for forensic information analysis.

Copper Single-Atom Jellyfish-like Nanomotors for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Nanocatalytic Therapy.

Single-atom catalysts with extraordinary catalytic activity have been receiving great attention in tumor therapy. However, most single-atom catalysts lack self-propulsion properties, restricting them from actively approaching cancer cells or penetrating the interior of tumors. Herein, we design N-doped jellyfish-like mesoporous carbon nanomotors coordinated with single-atom copper (Cu-JMCNs). It is a combination of single-atom nanocatalytic medicine and nanomotor self-propulsion for cancer therapy. The Cu single atom can catalyze H2O2 into toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Near-infrared light triggers Cu-JMCNs to achieve self-thermophoretic motion because of the jellyfish-like asymmetric structure and photothermal property of carbon, which significantly improves the cellular uptake and the penetration of three-dimensional tumors. In vivo experiments indicate that the combination of single-atom Cu for CDT and near-infrared light propulsion can achieve over 85% tumor inhibition rate. This work sheds light on the development of advanced nanomotors with single-atom catalysts for biomedical applications.

Physical visualization and squalene-based scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging of latent fingerprints on PVDF membrane.

Fingerprints have long been the gold standard for personal identification in forensic science. However, realizing the high-resolution enhancement of eccrine LFPs is difficult using the traditional methods and the label-free detection of fingerprint residue information is also challenging. Herein, we propose two enhancement strategies for LFPs on PVDF membrane (LFPs/PVDF) using blue-black ink staining and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The blue-black ink staining method was used for the first time to develop three types (sebaceous, natural and eccrine) of LFPs/PVDF based on the difference in wettability between the fingerprint residues and PVDF membrane. The enhanced fingerprints clearly displayed levels 1-3 features with high contrast and low background interference. Furthermore, we achieved chemical imaging of the LFP/PVDF samples, where their possible visualization mechanisms were ascribed to the electrochemical reactivity of squalene and difference in wettability between the LFP and PVDF membrane, which was first proposed and investigated by SECM imaging and water contact angle (WCA) measurements, respectively. Significantly, SECM imaging not only provided fingerprint patterns without any labelling but also revealed the spatial distribution information of squalene in LFPs simultaneously. In addition, it was also demonstrated that LFPs deposited on various surfaces were first successfully transferred to the PVDF membrane, and then further developed with both methods, making them general for personal identity-related applications. Taken together, the blue-black ink staining method can easily and quickly obtain level 3 features of LFPs/PVDF and the SECM approach can non-invasively image the topography and chemical information of LFPs/PVDF, and thus they can be potentially selected according to various requirements in forensic scenarios.

Identification of seven hypoxia-related genes signature and risk score models for predicting prognosis for ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common malignant cancer in the female reproductive system. Hypoxia is an important part of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which is closely related to cancer progression and could significantly affect cancer metastasis and prognosis. However, the relationship between hypoxia and OC remained unclear. OCs were molecularly subtyped by consensus clustering analysis based on the expression characteristics of hypoxia-related genes. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival was used to determine survival characteristics across subtypes. Immune infiltration analysis was performed by using Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) and microenvironment cell populations-counter (MCP-Counter). Differential expression analysis was performed by using limma package. Next, univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to build a hypoxia-related risk score model (HYRS). Mutational analysis was applied to determine genomic variation across the HYRS groups. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was used to compare the effectiveness of HYRS in immunotherapy prediction. We divided OC samples into two molecular subtypes (C1 and C2 subtypes) based on the expression signature of hypoxia genes. Compared with C1 subtype, there was a larger proportion of poor prognosis genotypes in the C2 subtype. And most immune cells scored higher in the C2 subtype. Next, we obtained a HYRS based on 7 genes. High HYRS group had a higher gene mutation rate, such as TP53. Moreover, HYRS performed better than TIDE in predicting immunotherapy effect. Combined with clinicopathological features, the nomogram showed that HYRS had the greatest impact on survival prediction and a strong robustness.

Surgical and oncologic outcomes between laparoscopic and radical abdominal hysterectomy for IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare sugrical and survival outcomes between laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and radical abdominal hysterectomy (RAH). METHODS: All the patients with IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer who performed LRH or RAH in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between 1/2016 and 12/2017 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between LRH and RAH groups except deep stromal invasion (35.2% vs 54.4%, p = 0.000), operating time (232.3 ± 61.9 min vs. 106.7 ± 36.2 min, p = 0.000), blood loss (169.5 ± 96.2 ml vs. 219.6 ± 149.3 ml, p = 0.000), and lymph node counts (21.1 ± 7.1 vs. 23.2 ± 8.7 min, p = 0.012). The LRH group displayed poorer disease-free survival (DFS) (5-year rate, 79.4% vs. 90.0%; p = 0.046) and overall survival (OS) (5-year rate, 74.7% vs. 90.0%; p = 0.026) compared to the RAH group. On multivariate analysis, LRH was an independent risk factor for DFS (hazard ratio, 0.377; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.227-0.625; p = 0.000) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.434; 95% CI, 0.254-0.740; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: LRH affected the survival of cervical cancer patients with tumor size >2 cm (p < 0.05). Adjuvant therapy could not improve the prognosis of laparoscopic patients (p < 0.05).

New Horizons for Estimating the Time Since Deposition of Fingermarks: Combining Label-Free Physical Visualization and Electrochemical Characterization.

The time since deposition (TSD) of latent fingermarks (LFMs) serves as "witnesses" for crime scene reconstructions. Nevertheless, existing TSD prediction approaches focused on either physical or chemical aging parameters leading to inaccurate estimation. A novel label-free protocol has been developed, where both physical ridge patterns and lipid oxide (LipOx) degradation kinetics are realized using optical microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and combined for TSD prediction. Specifically, the surface interrogation (SI)-SECM titration was utilized to monitor the LipOx degradation in LFM arrays aligned by hole array masks, through which we derived the LipOx degradation function. After establishing the relationship between several titration parameters and titrated area by experimental and numerical simulation methods, the titrated area could be reasonably estimated and subsequently used to calculate the surface coverage of LipOx. Results demonstrated that the tip transient revealed the LipOx coverage of deposited LFMs. Notably, LipOx coverage was found to increase during the first day and then decrease over time, whose degradation rate was susceptible to light. Thus, TSD candidates of an LFM could be limited to two values through the established function. Due to the nonmonotonic trend of LipOx aging, a physical parameter "the gray value ratio (GVR) of furrows to ridges" was proposed to exclude irrelevant TSD through support vector machine (SVM) classification. Ultimately, we predicted TSDs of seven LFMs with estimation errors of 2.2-26.8%. Overall, our strategy, with the outperformed capability of gleaning physical and electrochemical information on LFMs, can provide a truly label-free way of studying LFMs and hold great promise for multidimensional fingerprint information analysis.

Flexible Disk Ultramicroelectrode for High-Resolution and Substrate-Tolerable Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Imaging.

A simple and universal strategy for fabricating flexible 25 µm platinum (Pt) disk ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) was proposed, where a pulled borosilicate glass micropipette acted as a mold for shaping the flexible tip with flexible epoxy resin. The whole preparation procedure was highly efficient, enabling 10 or more probes to be manually fabricated within 10 h. Intriguingly, this technique permits an adjustable RG ratio, tip length, and stiffness, which could be tuned according to varying experimental demands. Besides, the electroactive area of the probe could be exposed and made renewable with a thin blade, allowing its reuse in multiple experiments. The flexibility characterization was then employed to optimize the resin/hardener mass ratio of epoxy resin and the tip position during HF etching in the fabrication process, suggesting that more hardener, a larger RG value, or a longer tip length obtained stronger deformation resistance. Subsequently, the as-prepared probe was examined by optical microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and SECM approach curves. The results demonstrated the probe possessed good geometry with a small RG ratio of less than 3 and exceptional electrochemical properties, and its insulating sheath remained undeformed after blade cutting. Owing to the tip's flexibility, it could be operated in contactless mode with an extremely low working distance and even in contact mode scanning to achieve high spatial resolution and high sensitivity while guaranteeing that the tip and samples would suffer minimal damage if the tip crashed. Finally, the flexible probe was successfully employed in three scanning scenarios where tilted and 3D structured PDMS microchips, a latent fingerprint deposited on the stiff copper sheet, and soft egg white were included. In all, the flexible probe encompasses the advantages of traditional disk UMEs and circumvents their principal drawbacks of tip crash and causing sample scratches, which is thus more compatible with large specimens of 3D structured, stiff, or even soft topography.

Ocular Trauma During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to summarize the latest literature on the trends and incidence of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. The search period was between January 1, 2020, and September 20, 2021. The incidence of overall and various types of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic and the control period was analyzed. The data from different studies were pooled. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 32 articles were included. After pooling the data from all included studies, the incidence of total and pediatric ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic was 67.7% and 54.3% of those in the control period, respectively. However, the proportion of ocular trauma in eye emergency visits increased during the pandemic (OR, 95% CI: 1.46, 1.04-2.06). The proportion of domestic ocular trauma increased (OR, 95% CI: 3.42, 1.01-11.62), while ocular trauma related to sports and outdoor activities and occupational ocular trauma decreased (OR, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.09-4.29 and 0.18, 0.10-0.33, respectively). It was also reported that chemical injury caused by alcohol-based sanitizers, photokeratitis caused by ultraviolet lamps, and mechanical eye injury caused by masks increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: There was a reduction in overall eye injuries and substantial differences in the spectrum of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper health education and supervision should be strengthened to prevent ocular injuries related to COVID-19 preventive interventions.

Effects of Pelleted and Extruded Feed on Growth Performance, Intestinal Histology and Microbiota of Juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

The study was conducted to evaluate the extruded and pelleting feed production on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiome analysis of juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Crayfish were fed either pelleted or extruded feeds that were made using the same formula. Crayfish fed extruded feed had a lower feed conversion ratio, as well as significantly higher levels of trypsin and amylase (p < 0.05) than those fed pelleted feed. However, other growth indices and the activity of lipase were not significantly influenced by the feed processing technique (p > 0.05). In comparison with the pelleted feed group, the lamina propria thickness of crayfish fed extruded feed was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Additionally, the abundance of intestinal microbiota in the extruded feed group was higher than that in the pelleted feed group. The dominant phyla in the intestine of both groups were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Firmicutes, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the extruded feed group was significantly higher than that in the pelleted feed group (p < 0.05). These results revealed that P. clarkii fed extruded feed had higher feed utilization and better intestinal health.

Effects of LPS Composition in Escherichia coli on Antibacterial Activity and Bacterial Uptake of Antisense Peptide-PNA Conjugates.

The physical and chemical properties of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli have a significant impact on the antibacterial activity and uptake of antibiotics, including antimicrobial peptides and antisense peptide-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugates. Using a defined subset of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and envelope mutants, components of the LPS-core, which provide differential susceptibility toward a panel of bacterial penetrating peptide (BPP)-PNA conjugates, were identified. Deleting the outer core of the LPS and perturbing the inner core only sensitized the bacteria toward (KFF)3K-PNA conjugates, but not toward conjugates carrying arginine-based BPPs. Interestingly, the chemical composition of the outer LPS core as such, rather than overall hydrophobicity or surface charge, appears to determine the susceptibility to different BPP-PNA conjugates thereby clearly demonstrating the complexity and specificity of the interaction with the LPS/outer membrane. Notably, mutants with outer membrane changes conferring polymyxin resistance did not show resistance toward the BPP-PNA conjugates, thereby eliminating one possible route of resistance for these molecules. Finally, envelope weakening, through deletion of membrane proteins such as OmpA as well as some proteins previously identified as involved in cationic antimicrobial peptide uptake, did not significantly influence BPP-PNA conjugate activity.

PARD3 gene variation as candidate cause of nonsyndromic cleft palate only.

Nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCP) is a common congenital malformation worldwide. In this study, we report a three-generation pedigree with NSCP following the autosomal-dominant pattern. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing revealed that only the frameshift variant c.1012dupG [p. E338Gfs*26] in PARD3 cosegregated with the disease. In zebrafish embryos, ethmoid plate patterning defects were observed with PARD3 ortholog disruption or expression of patient-derived N-terminal truncating PARD3 (c.1012dupG), which implicated PARD3 in ethmoid plate morphogenesis. PARD3 plays vital roles in determining cellular polarity. Compared with the apical distribution of wild-type PARD3, PARD3-p. E338Gfs*26 mainly localized to the basal membrane in 3D-cultured MCF-10A epithelial cells. The interaction between PARD3-p. E338Gfs*26 and endogenous PARD3 was identified by LC-MS/MS and validated by co-IP. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that PARD3-p. E338Gfs*26 substantially altered the localization of endogenous PARD3 to the basement membrane in 3D-cultured MCF-10A cells. Furthermore, seven variants, including one nonsense variant and six missense variants, were identified in the coding region of PARD3 in sporadic cases with NSCP. Subsequent analysis showed that PARD3-p. R133*, like the insertion variant of c.1012dupG, also changed the localization of endogenous full-length PARD3 and that its expression induced abnormal ethmoid plate morphogenesis in zebrafish. Based on these data, we reveal PARD3 gene variation as a novel candidate cause of nonsyndromic cleft palate only.

Recent Progress in Visualization and Analysis of Fingerprint Level 3 Features.

Fingerprints provide sufficient and reliable discriminative characteristics which have been considered one of the most robust evidence for individualization. The limitation of current minutiae-based fingerprint technology seems to be solved with the development of level 3 features since they can offer additional information for problematic fingerprint recognition and even donor profiling. So far, tremendous efforts have been devoted to detecting and analysing the third-level details. This review summarizes the advances in level 3 details with an emphasis on their reliability assessment, visualization methods based on physical interaction, residue-response, mass spectrometry and electrochemical techniques, as well as the potentiality for individualization, donor profiling and even other application scenarios. In the end, we also give a personal perspective on the future direction and the remaining challenges in the third-level-detail-related field. We believe that the new exciting progress is expected in the development of level 3 detail detection and analysis with continued interest and attention to this field.

EFFICIENCY OF LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION ON THE PREVENTION OF RETINAL DETACHMENT IN ACUTE RETINAL NECROSIS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Retinal detachment is a severe complication of acute retinal necrosis, threatening vision. The published articles on the effectiveness of laser in preventing retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis are controversial. Therefore, we aim to evaluate whether prophylactic laser is effective for retinal detachment after acute retinal necrosis. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched, and the retrieved records were screened. Each included study has well-defined laser-treated group and control group without laser treatment or with enough data for manual grouping. The quality of the included studies was assessed using ROBINS-I ("Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions"). Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the solidarity, and subgroup analysis was performed to determine the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Fourteen studies with a total of 532 eyes were eventually included. The quality of the included studies was moderate. The combined results showed that the pooled odds ratio was 0.61 (95% confidence interval [0.41∼0.90], P < 0.05, I 2 = 27%). Sensitivity analysis showed that the odds ratios were similar when excluding any study. Subgroup analysis showed moderate heterogeneity among three subgroups (I 2 = 48.0%, P = 0.15 for heterogeneity), and the odds ratio in antiviral therapy and steroid combined with prophylactic laser was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [0.25∼0.74], P < 0.05, I 2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: In patients with acute retinal necrosis, laser photocoagulation is an effective treatment to prevent retinal detachment, especially in the subgroup combined with antiviral therapy and steroid.

Fast and quantitative analysis of level 3 details for latent fingerprints.

Level 3 details play essential roles in practical latent fingerprint (LFP) identification. To reliably extract reproducible and identifiable level 3 features, high-resolution images of fingerprints with adequate quality are required. Conventional methods for acquiring level 3 details often involve specific pretreatment, intricate peripheral, leading to time-consuming analysis. Herein, we simply used water to develop the sebaceous LFPs deposited on nitrocellulose (NC) membranes with only one step, and then the high-resolution (2048 pixels per inch) optical micrographs were captured to reflect the live fingertip with high fidelity. From the pictures, level 3 features, including all dimensional attributes of the ridges and pores such as number, size, location, shape, and edge contour can be extracted accurately and reproducibly. Among them, qualitative features (the structures of ridge edges) and several quantitative characteristics (the number and the relative location of sweat pores) exhibit good reproducibility. Remarkably, we proposed a new parameter termed "frequency distribution of the distance between adjacent sweat pores", short form "FDDasp", which was further proved highly identifiable in different individuals, enabling the successful distinguishment between two fragmentary fingerprints with similar level 2 structures. We believe that this methodology provides a fast and quantitative analytical paradigm for latent fingerprint identification at level 3 details.