Syntheses, crystal structures and biological evaluation of two new Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes based on (E)-2-(((4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol.

Two transition metal complexes of [M(TMP)2(H2O)2] (TMP-Cu, M = Cu; TMP-Co, M = Co) with (E)-2-(((4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (H-TMP) were first synthesized and characterized by infrared analysis, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Notably, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed that TMP-Cu displayed relatively high cytotoxic activity against Hep-G2 cancer cells, and high selectivity between human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and normal HL-7702 cells, in comparison to TMP-Co and cisplatin. Further studies showed that TMP-Cu and TMP-Co caused cell cycle arrest at S phase through regulation of S phase related protein expressions and induced Hep-G2 cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.

Optical waveguides in TiO2 formed by He ion implantation.

We report on the formation and the optical properties of the planar and ridge optical waveguides in rutile TiO2 crystal by He+ ion implantation combined with micro-fabrication technologies. Planar optical waveguides in TiO2 are fabricated by high-energy (2.8 MeV) He+-ion implantation with a dose of 3 × 10¹6 ions/cm² and triple low energies (450, 500, 550) keV He+-ion implantation with all fluences of 2 × 10¹6 ions/cm² at room temperature. The guided modes were measured by a modal 2010 prism coupler at wavelength of 1539 nm. There are damage profiles in ion-implanted waveguides by Rutherford backscattering (RBS)/channeling measurements. The refractive-index profile of the 2.8 MeV He+-implanted waveguide was analyzed based on RCM (Reflected Calculation Method). Also ridge waveguides were fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation on 2.8 MeV ion implanted planar waveguide and Ar ion beam etching on the basis of triple keV ion implanted planar waveguide, separately. The loss of the ridge waveguide was estimated. The measured near-field intensity distributions of the planar and ridge modes are all shown.

Optical properties of a single mode planar waveguide in Nd:YVO4 fabricated by multienergy He ion implantation.

We fabricated a single-mode planar waveguide in z-cut Nd:YVO(4) by multienergy He ion implantation in total fluence of 4.5×10(16) ions/cm(2) at room temperature and investigated optical properties of Nd:YVO(4) before and after He ion implantation by measuring transmission, confocal microluminescence, and confocal Raman spectra. Absorption bands and the photoluminescence features of the bulk Nd:YVO(4) crystal have been preserved after He ion implantation. In Raman spectra, most of the peak positions and peak widths had no obvious change before and after He ion implantation. The guiding mode and near-field image in the waveguide were measured by the prism coupling method and end-face coupling method, respectively. We investigated the damage behavior of a Nd:YVO(4) waveguide after implantation, annealing treatment by the Rutherford backscattering/channeling technique. The minimum yield of the virgin z-cut Nd:YVO(4) was 1.98%, which increased to 4.73% after He ion implantation and decreased to 3.20% after annealing at 600 K for 30 minutes.

Planar and ridge waveguides formed in LiNbO3 by proton exchange combined with oxygen ion implantation.

We report on the fabrication of planar and ridge waveguides in lithium niobate by proton exchange combined with oxygen ion implantation. The implanted energy ranges from 600 to 1400 keV with a dose of 1 x 10(15) ions/cm(2). The modes in proton exchanged waveguide can be modulated by O ion implantation. There are different damage profiles in proton-exchanged and ion-implanted waveguides in Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectra. The refractive index profile in single-mode waveguide in lithium niobate has been obtained based on Intensity Calculation Method. Also ridge waveguide was fabricated on the basis of planar waveguide by Ar ion beam etching. The measured near-field intensity distributions of the ridge waveguide modes show a reasonable agreement with the simulated ones. The estimated propagation loss was approximately 2.2 dB/cm.

[Effect of Shenmai injection on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: experiment with rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Shenmai injection containing active principles of Ginseng and ophiopogon root on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) in brain after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). METHODS: 108 neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: (1) Shenmai group (Group SM), undergoing ligation of the right common carotid artery to establish HIBD models, breathing immediately a mixed gas with 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2 hours to cause HI insult, and then injected intraperitoneally with Shenmai injection 10 mg/kg once a day for 7 days, and (2) normal saline (NS) group (Group NS) undergoing ligation of the right common carotid artery to establish HIBD models, breathing immediately a mixed gas with 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2 h, and then injected intraperitoneally with NS 10 mg/kg once a day for 7 days. Another 54 neonatal rats underwent sham operation but did not undergo hypoxia as control group (Group C), 2, 12, and 24 hours, and 3, 7, and 14 days after HI insult 9 rats from each group were killed with their right hippocampal tissues taken out. Flow cytometry was used to examine the apoptotic rate of the hippocampal neurons. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha. RESULTS: (1) The apoptosis rate of the right hippocampal tissues began increase 2 h after Hi insult, peaked 24 h after HI, then gradually decreased, and almost returned to the original levels 14 d after HI. There was no significant differences in apoptosis rates 14d after HI among the 3 groups (all P > 0.05). The neuron apoptosis rates 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d after HI of Group SM were all significantly lower than those of Group NS (e.g 24 h: (11.95 +/- 1.13)% vs (16.80 +/- 1.44)%, all P < 0.05). (2) The HIF-1alpha mRNA expression level in right brain began to increase 2 h after HI, peaked 24 h after HI, then gradually decreases, and returned to the original level 14 d after Hi in both Group SM and Group NS; The HIF-1alpha mRNA expression in right brain 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d after HI of Group SM were all significantly higher than those of Group NS (e.g 24 h: (44.32 +/- 4.03)% vs (35.63 +/- 3.73)%, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The HIF-1alpha mRNA expression in brain tissue is up-regulated after HI insult. Shenmai injection helps increase the mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha in brain and reduces the apoptosis of hippocampus neurons after HI insult.

[Effects of Shenfu injection on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: experiment with neonatal rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenfu (ginseng and aconite root) injection on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). METHODS: Sixty 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing ligation of left common carotid artery and then put into a container with 8% O2 and 92% N(2) for 2 h so as to establish HIBD models, were randomly divided into 3 groups: Shenfu injection pretreatment group (since 4 days before the experiment Shenfu injection 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 4 days), Shenfu injection treatment group [Shenfu injection 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after hypoxic-ischemia (HI) insult once a day for 7 days], and control group (normal saline 10 ml/mg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after HI insult once a day for 7 days). Twenty neonatal rats underwent sham operation as control group. The 4 groups were further divided into subgroups of 6 rats according to the time points: 2 hours before and 2 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after HI insult. 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after the HI insult the body weight was observed and the survival rate was observed 28 d after the HI insult. At different time points the rats of different subgroups were killed and their brains were taken out. Flow cytometry was used to calculate the neuron apoptosis rate in the hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS: The body weight increase levels 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after HI insult of the control group were all significantly less than those of the sham operation group (e.g 7 days: 8.8 g +/- 2.1 g vs 14.0 g +/- 2.9 g, all P < 0.01) and the body weight increase levels 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after HI insult of the control group were all significantly less than those of the Shenfu injection pretreatment group (e.g 7 d: 11.7 g +/- 3.3 g) and Shenfu injection treatment group (e.g 7 d: 10.9 g +/- 2.7 g, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The survival rate 28 d after HI insult of the control group was 60%, significantly less than those of other groups (all P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the survival rate among the other groups (all P > 0.05). Compared with the sham operation group the neuron apoptosis rates of the hippocampal CA1 region of the Shenfu injection treatment group and Shenfu injection pretreatment group began to increase 2 hours after HI insult, peaked 24 hours after, then gradually decreased, and recovered to normal 14 days after. The neuron apoptosis rates 2, 12, 24, 72 hours, and 7 days after HI insult of the Shenfu injection pretreatment group were all significantly lower than those of the control group (e.g 24 hours: 16.0% +/- 4.2% vs 11.9% +/- 2.3% vs 18.1%, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the neuron apoptosis rates 72 hours and 7 days after HI insult of the Shenfu injection treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Shenfu injection can enhance the physical development and elevate the survival rate of neonatal rats with HI insult, and significantly prevents apoptosis of the hippocampus neurons from HI insult.