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BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that the spread of glioma to the subventricular zone (SVZ) is closely related to glioma recurrence and patient survival. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the main cell type in the SVZ region and exhibit tumor-homing ability. AIM: To evaluate the effects of conditioned medium (CM) derived from SVZ NSCs on the cancer-related behaviors of glioma cells. METHODS: The characteristics of SVZ hNSCs were identified by immunofluorescence. The normoxic-hNSC-CM and hypoxic-hNSC-CM (3% O2, oxygen-glucose deprived [OGD] culturing) were collected from 80%-90% confluent SVZ NSCs in sterile conditions. The CCK8 and Transwell assays were used to compare and evaluate the effects of normoxic-CM and hypoxic-CM on glioma proliferation and invasion. Then proteins secreted from SVZ NSCs into the CM were investigated by mass spectrometry, and the potential effects of candidate protein NCAN in the regulation of glioma progression were examined by CCK8 and Transwell assays. RESULTS: The CM from SVZ NSCs significantly increased the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, particularly the CM from OGD NSCs induced under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the secreted protein neurocan (NCAN) in CM from OGD NSCs was identified by proteomic analysis. NCAN was expressed in glioma cells and played regulatory roles in mediating the progression of glioma cells mainly via the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway. CONCLUSION: Our study identified a potential interactive mechanism between SVZ NSCs and glioma cells, in which SVZ NSCs promote glioma progression via the secreted protein NCAN. These findings suggested that exploring the CM derived from cells could be a novel strategy for optimizing treatments and that NCAN derived from SVZ NSCs may be a potential new target in glioma progression.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the metabolic and behavioral changes of monkeys with MPTP induced Parkinson's disease. METHODS: Four healthy monkeys were injected with diluted MPTP solution continuously through peripheral veins. The behavioral changes of the monkeys were monitored with the Parkinson disease scale for monkeys. 18FDG-PET-CT scans for the whole brain were obtained before and 3 months after the injection of MPTP. The pathological and glucose metabolic changes of the brains were examined. RESULTS: The animal model of Parkinson's disease was successfully established in all 4 monkeys, showing typical parkinsonian syndromes of bradykinesia, rigidity and hypokinesia. Changes in high nervous activities such as apathetic and less aggressive behaviors were also observed. Their scores of Parkinson disease scale exceeded 20. The parkinsonian syndromes were relieved after the administration of sinemet. The 18FDG-PET-CT scans showed significant glucose reduction after the MPTP injection within and outside of the basal ganglion area. CONCLUSION: The metabolic changes of brains in the monkeys with Parkinson's disease are not limited to the basal ganglion area, which may be an important mechanism for the non-motor symptoms.