Analysis of Expression of Inflammatory Factors and T Cell Lymphocyte in Patients with Orthopedic Trauma after Infection and Risk Factors.

Since most orthopedic patients' wounds are open in clinical practice, postoperative wound infection and other conditions are prone to occur, which pose varying degrees of threat to patients' prognosis and life and health. In this paper, a retrospective study is conducted on orthopedic trauma patients in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022, including 98 patients with postoperative infection and 98 patients without infection, to detect and compare the levels of inflammatory factors and the level of T cell lymphatic group index difference. The ROC curve is drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of postoperative infection indicators for patients with orthopedic trauma. The differences in baseline data between the two groups are compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis is performed on infection status. The experimental results show that the IL-6, IL-2, and CRP of the infection group of patients are significantly higher than uninfected group, and the CD3, CD4, and CD8 are significantly lower than uninfected group, which means that patients with infection after orthopedic trauma are in a disordered state of immune cytokines and function. Therefore, postoperative infection can be effectively assessed by early combined detection of the above indicators. In addition, the analysis of other clinical data showed that the operation time, the number of underlying diseases, and the surgical method are also risk factors for postoperative infection.

Intra-articular Injection of Kartogenin-Incorporated Thermogel Enhancing Osteoarthritis Treatment.

To provide a vehicle for sustained release of cartilage-protective agent for the potential application of osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, we developed a kartogenin (KGN)-incorporated thermogel for intra-articular injection. We fabricated a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) thermogel as a KGN carrier for IA injection. OA chondrocytes were cultured in thermogel with or with no KGN to investigate the effect of KGN thermogel on cartilage matrix. The in vivo effect of KGN thermogel on OA was examined in a rabbit OA model. The KGN thermogel showed a sustained in vitro release of KGN for 3 weeks. OA chondrocytes proliferated well both in thermogel and KGN thermogel. In addition, OA chondrocytes produced higher amount of [type 2 collagen (COL-2) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)], as well as lower level of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) in KGN thermogel that those in thermogel with no addition of KGN. The gene analysis supported that KGN thermogel enhanced expression of hyaline-cartilage specific genes Col 2 and AGC, and inhibited the expression of MMP-13. Compared with intra-articular injection of saline or thermogel containing no KGN, KGN thermogel can enhance cartilage regeneration and inhibit joint inflammation of arthritic knees in a rabbit ACLT-induced OA model at 3 weeks after the injection. Therefore, the KGN-incorporated PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel may provide a novel treatment modality for OA treatment with IA injection.

Inositol Pyrophosphate InsP8 Acts as an Intracellular Phosphate Signal in Arabidopsis.

The maintenance of cellular phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is of great importance in living organisms. The SPX domain-containing protein 1 (SPX1) proteins from both Arabidopsis and rice have been proposed to act as sensors of Pi status. The molecular signal indicating the cellular Pi status and regulating Pi homeostasis in plants, however, remains to be identified, as Pi itself does not bind to the SPX domain. Here, we report the identification of the inositol pyrophosphate InsP8 as a signaling molecule that regulates Pi homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiling of InsPs revealed that InsP8 level positively correlates with cellular Pi concentration. We demonstrated that the homologs of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase (PPIP5K), VIH1 and VIH2, function redundantly to synthesize InsP8, and that the vih1 vih2 double mutant overaccumulates Pi. SPX1 directly interacts with PHR1, the central regulator of Pi starvation responses, to inhibit its function under Pi-replete conditions. However, this interaction is compromised in the vih1 vih2 double mutant, resulting in the constitutive induction of Pi starvation-induced genes, indicating that plant cells cannot sense cellular Pi status without InsP8. Furthermore, we showed that InsP8 could directly bind to the SPX domain of SPX1 and is essential for the interaction between SPX1 and PHR1. Collectively, our study suggests that InsP8 is the intracellular Pi signaling molecule serving as the ligand of SPX1 for controlling Pi homeostasis in plants.