Urological Tumor: A Narrative Review of Tertiary Lymphatic Structures.

BACKGROUND: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), as ectopic lymphoid-like tissues, are highly similar to secondary lymphoid organs and are not only involved in chronic inflammation and autoimmune responses but are also closely associated with tumor immunotherapy and prognosis. The complex composition of the urological tumor microenvironment not only varies greatly in response to immunotherapy, but the prognostic value of TLSs in different urological tumors remains controversial. SUMMARY: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and other full-text database systems. TLSs, kidney cancer, uroepithelial cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer as keywords, relevant literature was searched from the time the library was built to 2023. Systematically explore the role and mechanism of TLSs in urological tumors. It includes the characteristics of TLSs, the role and mechanism of TLSs in urological tumors, and the clinical significance of TLSs in urological tumors. KEY MESSAGES: The prognostic role of TLSs in different urological tumors was significantly different. It is not only related to its enrichment in the tumor but also highly correlated with the location of the tumor. In addition, autoimmune toxicity may be a potential barrier to its role in the formation of TLSs through induction. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of TLSs in autoimmune diseases may help in the development of antitumor target drugs.

One-dimensional chiral copper (II) complexes with novel nano-structures and superior antitumor activity.

Three novel copper(II) compounds of formulas {[Cu(Phen)(Ala)]·NO3·H2O}n (1), {[Cu(Phen)(Ala)]·NO3}n (2) and [Cu(Ala)2]n (3) have been synthesized and determined by X-ray diffraction. 1 and 2 are shown in one dimensional long-chain chiral structures, and 3 is a two dimensional checkerboard-type structure. Both 1 and 2 displayed a higher anticancer activity than 3 against various cancer cells, even higher than the similar mononuclear complexes and clinical anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. The noncancerous cell lines (CCC-HEL-1) have showed that complexes 1-3 have hardly any cytotoxicity. Transmission electron microscopy was studied to show the nano-structure and π function of two complexes. The ligand 1,10-phenanthroline inserted into its enantiomer lead complex 1 stable, and the π-π interaction outside the chain made complex 2 active, which is easy to crack and pile up together. In addition, the energy gaps, UV-vis, luminescent and cyclic voltammetry were experimented to show the stable one dimensional long-chain chiral structure and the π function of two complexes.

Corner detection and classification using anisotropic directional derivative representations.

This paper proposes a corner detector and classifier using anisotropic directional derivative (ANDD) representations. The ANDD representation at a pixel is a function of the oriented angle and characterizes the local directional grayscale variation around the pixel. The proposed corner detector fuses the ideas of the contour- and intensity-based detection. It consists of three cascaded blocks. First, the edge map of an image is obtained by the Canny detector and from which contours are extracted and patched. Next, the ANDD representation at each pixel on contours is calculated and normalized by its maximal magnitude. The area surrounded by the normalized ANDD representation forms a new corner measure. Finally, the nonmaximum suppression and thresholding are operated on each contour to find corners in terms of the corner measure. Moreover, a corner classifier based on the peak number of the ANDD representation is given. Experiments are made to evaluate the proposed detector and classifier. The proposed detector is competitive with the two recent state-of-the-art corner detectors, the He & Yung detector and CPDA detector, in detection capability and attains higher repeatability under affine transforms. The proposed classifier can discriminate effectively simple corners, Y-type corners, and higher order corners.