A case of acute lung injury in a peripheral blood stem cell donor mobilized with pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) has been introduced for the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). However, no cases of acute lung injury (ALI) in healthy donors have been reported, and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We first reported a case of ALI caused by PEG-rhG-CSF in a healthy Chinese donor, characterized by hemoptysis, hypoxemia, and patchy shadows. Ultimately, hormone administration, planned PBSC collection, leukocyte debridement, and planned PBSC collection resulted in active control of the donor's ALI. The donor's symptoms improved without any adverse effects, and the PBSC collection proceeded without incident. Over time, the lung lesion was gradually absorbed and eventually returned to normal. PEG-rhG-CSF may contribute to ALI in healthy donors via mechanisms involving neutrophil aggregation, adhesion, and the release of inflammatory mediators in the lung. This case report examines the clinical manifestations, treatment, and mechanism of lung injury induced by PEG-rhG-CSF-mobilized PBSCs.

Effects and mechanisms of mUCMSCs on ovarian structure and function in naturally ageing C57 mice.

BACKGROUND: The ovaries are the core reproductive organs in women and are critical for maintaining normal reproductive function and endocrine system stability. An ageing C57 mouse model was used to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (mUCMSCs) and to explore the mechanism by which mUCMSCs promote the antioxidant repair of mouse granulosa cells (mGCs). RESULTS: Eighteen-month-old C57 mice were randomly divided into a model group and a treatment group. At the same time, 2-month-old C57 mice were established as a young group (15 mice per group). The mice in the treatment group were injected via the tail vein with GFP-labelled mUCMSCs. The ovarian volume in ageing C57 mice was decreased, and there were no follicles at any stage. After mUCMSC transplantation, the mouse ovaries increased in size, follicles at various stages were observed in the cortex, and the antral follicle counts increased. The serum E2, AMH, and INH-B levels of mice in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of mice in the model control group (P < 0.05). mUCMSCs downregulated the expression of the autophagy-related gene LC3b and the apoptosis-related genes Bax and Caspase-3, upregulated the expression of SOD2 and the peroxidase gene PRDX IV, and reduced apoptosis rates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in granulosa cells. CONCLUSIONS: mUCMSCs play roles in promoting the repair of ageing ovaries by regulating immunity, anti-inflammatory responses and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway.

Noncoding RNAs in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOX), are well known for their high efficacy in treating multiple cancers, but their clinical usage is limited due to their potential to induce fatal cardiotoxicity. Such detrimental effects significantly impact the overall physical condition or even induce the morbidity and mortality of cancer survivors. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity to develop methods for the early detection of cytotoxicity and therapeutic applications. Studies have shown that many molecular events are involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the precise mechanisms are still not completely understood. Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been extensively studied in a diverse range of regulatory roles in cellular physiological and pathological processes. With respect to their roles in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most widely studied, and studies have focused on the regulatory roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have been shown to have significant functions in the cardiovascular system. Recent discoveries on the roles of ncRNAs in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have prompted extensive interest in exploring candidate ncRNAs for utilization as potential therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic biomarkers. This review presents the frontier studies on the roles of ncRNAs in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, addresses the possibility and prospects of using ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets, and discusses the possible reasons for related discrepancies and limitations of their use.

Exenatide Protects Against Cardiac Dysfunction by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in the Diabetic Mouse Heart.

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in patients with diabetes. Current treatment strategies for diabetes rely on lifestyle changes and glucose control to prevent angiopathy and organ failure. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is used as an add-on therapy to insulin treatment. Exenatide also has multiple beneficial effects in addition to its hypoglycemic effects, such as preventing hepatic steatosis and protecting against cardiac injury from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity or ischemic reperfusion. However, the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of exenatide in diabetes have not been fully clarified. To address this issue, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of exenatide in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. We found that exenatide simultaneously attenuated reactive oxidative species (ROS) production through increases in the antioxidant enzymes manganese dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase. Moreover, exenatide decreased tumor protein P53 (p53) expression and prevented cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells. The presence of the catalase inhibitor 3-AT attenuated the effects of exenatide. Overall, the results strongly indicate that exenatide treatment may be protective against the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Relationship between senescence in macaques and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the molecular mechanism.

The relationship between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and aging, as well as the antiaging effects of BMSCs, was observed. An aging macaque BMSC model was established. We isolated BMSCs from young and aged macaques and used RT-PCR and Western blot to confirm the aging-related mRNAs and their expression, revealing that TERT, SIRT1 and SIRT6 expression was decreased in the aged BMSCs. The morphology, immunophenotype, differentiation potential, proliferation potential, and antiaging effects of aged and young BMSCs on 293T cells were compared. The expression of aging-related genes and the difference between the secreted cytokines in natural aging and induced aging BMSCs were observed. The transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from macaques was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Finally, the transcriptional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of gene transcription in aging macaques were investigated.

Effect of edaravone on serum SP-A and arterial blood gas in patients with lobectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effect of edaravone on serum pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) and arterial blood gas (ABG) in patients with thoracoscopic lobectomy. METHODS: 40 lung cancer patients with right side of lobectomy were randomly divided into control group (group C, 20 cases) and edaravone group (group E, 20 cases). Group E was treated edaravone (1 mg/kg) between induction and skin incision, dropping within 30 min; group C was treated with equivalent normal saline. The venous and arterial blood were collected in both groups immediately before incision (T0), after 1 h of one-lung ventilation 1 h (T1) and in 1 h after lungs ventilation (T2) for ABG analysis and measurement of serum SP-A level. Results After OLV, serum SP-A levels were significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.05); compared with group C, serum levels of SP-A were reduced (P < 0.05) and ABG was significantly improved in group E. CONCLUSION: Edaravone can reduce serum SP-A levels in patients with lobectomy and alleviate acute lung injury to a certain extent in surgery.

[Effect of danhong injection on cerebral injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operation with extracorporeal circulation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and its possible mechanisms of Danhong Injection (DHI) on cerebral injury during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Fifty patients went to CABG with CPB were randomly assigned equally to two groups, the control group and the tested group. DHI 1.5 mL/kg was pumped to where the tested group at the times of aortic pre-charging and unclamping respectively, but to the control group, equal volume of normal saline was given instead. Blood samples were taken from jugular bulb at different time points, i. e. before operation (T1, baseline), re-warming to 36 degrees C (T2 ), 30 min (T3 ) and 6 h (T4) after terminating CPB, for determination levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity using xanthine oxidase method, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration using thiobarbituric method, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as interleukin-6, -8 using radioimmunoassay and -10 (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) using ELISA. RESULTS: Level of SOD activity significantly decreased during (T2) and after CPB (T3 and T4) in the control group, as compared to the T1 (P < 0.01), but it was unchanged in the tested group; level of MDA increased during and after CPB in both groups (P < 0.01), but more significantly in the control group (P < 0.05), so comparison after CPB between the two groups showed a higher SOD and lower MDA level in the tested group. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 significantly increased in both groups after CPB (T3 and T4, P < 0.01) as compared to the T1, but the comparison between groups showed lower plasma TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 levels at T3 and T4, and higher IL-10 level at T4 in the test group (P < 0.01). All patients had stable life signs with no occurrence of adverse reaction. CONCLUSION: DHI has obvious protective effect on cerebral injury in patients undergoing CABG with CPB, the mechanisms may be associated with the actions of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and regulation on immune factors.

[Effect of acupuncture on serum insulin level in the patient of simple obesity].

OBJECTIVE: To compare therapeutic effects of acupuncture plus ear point tapping and pressing therapy and simple medicine for slimming and to probe the mechanism. METHODS: Fifty cases of simple obesity were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 25 cases in each group. The acupuncture group were treated with body acupuncture and electroacupuncture at Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Feng-long (ST 40), Zusanli (ST 36), etc., combined with ear point sticking and pressing at Shenmen, Nei-fenmi (endocrine), Pi (spleen), Wei (stomach), Sanjiao (triple energy), Dachang (large intestine), etc.. The medication group were treated with oral administration of Sibutramine, once each day, 10 mg each time. Serum insulin contents before and after treatment were detected, and the therapeutic effect for slimming was assessed. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 88.0% in the acupuncture group and 80.0% in the medication group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05); after treatment, the serum insulin levels in the two groups significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the decrease of insulin level in the acupuncture group was significantly better than that in the medication group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with ear point tapping and pressing therapy has a similar therapeutic effect to western medicine for slimming, but the former is better than the later in improving serum insulin level.

Effect of shenfu injection on gastrointestinal microcirculation in rabbits after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

AIM: To investigate the effect of shenfu injection on gastrointestinal microcirculation after myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury in rabbits and probe into the mechanism. METHODS: Forty healthy flap-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: IR injury control group (group I), shenfu injection 5 mL/kg per h group (group II), shenfu injection 10 mL/kg per h group (group III) and shenfu injection 20 mL/kg per h group (group IV). The four groups were treated with Lactated Ringer's solution, shenfu injection 5, 10, and 20 mL/ kg per h were infused intravenously 30 min before experiment respectively. The values of hemodynamics [mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), gastric intramucosal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), blood gas analysis and pH] were measured and compared with those before myocardial ischemia, 60 min after myocardial ischemia and 60, 90, and 180 min after reperfusion. RESULTS: The MAP, HR and gastric intramucosal pH were (70.50 +/- 4.50) kPa, (165 +/- 14) beats per min, 7.032 +/- 0.024 in group I 60 min after myocardial ischemia, which were significantly decreased compared with those before myocardial ischemia (88.50 +/- 9.75 kPa, 217 +/- 18 beats per min, 7.112 +/- 0.035, P < 0.05). The MAP, HR and gastric intramucosal pH were significantly decreased in group I 60, 90, and 180 min after reperfusion (61.50 +/- 5.25 kPa, 133 +/- 31 beats per min, 6.997 +/- 0.025) compared with those before reperfusion respectively (P < 0.05), whereas the values were insignificantly different in groups II, III or IV after reperfusion, compared with those before reperfusion, and there were no significant differences between groups II, III, and IV after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Pre-infusion of shenfu injection has a protective effect on gastrointestinal microcirculation after myocardial IR injury in rabbits, in a dose independent manner.

Rotation number, stochastic resonance, and synchronization of coupled systems without periodic driving.

This article investigates the influence of noise in a two-dimensional square array of coupled nonlinear oscillators without periodic driving. Array enhanced stochastic resonance under global as well as local noise perturbation is shown to exist under a crucial condition: the value of the rotation number of the deterministic system being zero. Meanwhile, the stochastic synchronization phenomenon is displayed in a wide range of noise intensity whether noise is added globally or locally. Furthermore, for every oscillator, the peak frequency is shown to agree with the rotation number much better than in the uncoupled system.

Stochastic resonance via switching between the two stable limit cycles on a cylinder.

This paper deals with the determination of stochastic resonance (SR) in a driven bistable potential based on an embedding-based description in terms of an autonomous system of stochastic equations. It points out a criterion for SR on the basis of the relative position of limit cycles of the deterministic system.