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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), together with carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), is recognized as a vital gasotransmitter. H2S is biosynthesized by enzymatic pathways in the skin and exerts significant physiological effects on a variety of biological processes, such as apoptosis, modulation of inflammation, cellular proliferation, and regulation of vasodilation. As a major health problem, dermatological diseases affect a large proportion of the population every day. It is urgent to design and develop effective drugs to deal with dermatological diseases. Dermatological diseases can arise from a multitude of etiologies, including neoplastic growth, infectious agents, and inflammatory processes. The abnormal metabolism of H2S is associated with many dermatological diseases, such as melanoma, fibrotic diseases, and psoriasis, suggesting its therapeutic potential in the treatment of these diseases. In addition, therapies based on H2S donors are being developed to treat some of these conditions. In the review, we discuss recent advances in the function of H2S in normal skin, the role of altering H2S metabolism in dermatological diseases, and the therapeutic potential of diverse H2S donors for the treatment of dermatological diseases.
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In recent years, the impact of age-related diseases on human health has become increasingly severe, and developing effective drugs to deal with these diseases has become an urgent task. Considering the essential regulatory role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in these diseases, it is regarded as a promising target for treatment. H2S is a novel gaseous transmitter involved in many critical physiological activities, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and angiogenesis. H2S also regulates cell activities such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and autophagy. These regulatory effects of H2S contribute to relieving and treating age-related diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on the pathogenesis and treatment prospects of H2S in regulating age-related diseases.
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Envelhecimento , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Humanos , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Animais , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the three most crucial gaseous messengers in the body. The discovery of H2S donors, coupled with its endogenous synthesis capability, has sparked hope for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. In the last decade, the investigation into the impact of H2S has expanded, particularly within the fields of cardiovascular function, inflammation, infection, and neuromodulation. Hematologic malignancies refer to a diverse group of cancers originating from abnormal proliferation and differentiation of blood-forming cells, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. In this review, we delve deeply into the complex interrelation between H2S and hematologic malignancies. In addition, we comprehensively elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms by which both H2S and its donors intricately modulate the progression of tumor growth. Furthermore, we systematically examine their impact on pivotal aspects, encompassing the proliferation, invasion, and migration capacities of hematologic malignancies. Therefore, this review may contribute novel insights to our understanding of the prospective therapeutic significance of H2S and its donors within the realm of hematologic malignancies.
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Neoplasias Hematológicas , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Most of the traditional matrices cannot simultaneously image multiple lipids and phytohormones, so screening and discovery of novel matrices stand as essential approaches for broadening the application scope of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). In this work, 12 organic small molecule compounds were comprehensively screened and investigated as potential MALDI matrices for simultaneous imaging analysis of various lipids and phytohormones. In the positive ionization mode, p-nitroaniline, m-nitroaniline, and 2-aminoterephthalic acid displayed good performance for the highly sensitive detection of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and triacylglycerols (TGs). Furthermore, p-nitroaniline possessed excellent characteristics of strong ultraviolet absorption and homogeneous cocrystallization, making it a desirable matrix for MALDI-MSI analysis of eight plant hormones. Compared with conventional matrices (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), the use of p-nitroaniline resulted in higher ionization efficiency, superior sensitivity, and clearer imaging images in dual polarity mode. Our research offers valuable guidance and new ideas for future endeavors in matrix screening.
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Compostos de Anilina , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Lipídeos/análiseRESUMO
For a long time, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been considered a toxic compound, but recent studies have found that H2S is the third gaseous signaling molecule which plays a vital role in physiological and pathological conditions. Currently, a large number of studies have shown that H2S mediates apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways to participate in cancer occurrence and development, for example, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, the regulation of the production and metabolism of H2S to mediate the apoptotic process of cancer cells may improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment. In this review, the role and mechanism of H2S in cancer cell apoptosis in mammals are summarized.
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BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as the third gaseous signaling molecule. Endogenous H2S plays a key role in the progression of various types of cancer. However, the effect of endogenous H2S on the growth of esophageal cancer (EC) remains unknown. METHODS: In this study, three kinds of H2S-producing enzymes inhibitors, DL-propargylglycine (PAG, inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, inhibitor of cystathionine-ß-synthase), and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp, inhibitor of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) were used to determine the role of endogenous H2S in the growth of EC9706 and K450 human EC cells. RESULTS: The results indicated that the combination (PAG+AOAA+L-Asp) group showed higher inhibitory effects on the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells than PAG, AOAA, and L-Asp group. Inhibition of endogenous H2S promoted apoptosis via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in EC cells. Endogenous H2S suppression triggered pyroptosis of EC cells by activating reactive oxygen species-mediated nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. In addition, the combine group showed its more powerful growth-inhibitory effect on the growth of human EC xenograft tumors in nude mice without obvious toxicity. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that inhibition of endogenous H2S production can significantly inhibit human EC cell growth via promotion of apoptosis and pyroptosis. Endogenous H2S may be a promising therapeutic target in EC cells. Novel inhibitors for H2S-producing enzymes can be designed and developed for EC treatment.
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Neurological diseases are one of the most pressing issues in modern times worldwide. It thus possesses explicit attention from researchers and medical health providers to guard public health against such an expanding threat. Various treatment modalities have been developed in a remarkably short time but, unfortunately, have yet to lead to the wished-for efficacy or the sought-after clinical improvement. The main hurdle in delivering therapeutics to the brain has always been the blood-brain barrier which still represents an elusive area with lots of mysteries yet to be solved. Meanwhile, nanotechnology has emerged as an optimistic platform that is potentially holding the answer to many of our questions on how to deliver drugs and treat CNS disorders using novel technologies rather than the unsatisfying conventional old methods. Nanocarriers can be engineered in a way that is capable of delivering a certain therapeutic cargo to a specific target tissue. Adding to this mind-blowing nanotechnology, the revolutionizing gene-altering biologics can have the best of both worlds, and pave the way for the long-awaited cure to many diseases, among those diseases thus far are Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain tumors (glioma and glioblastoma), Down syndrome, stroke, and even cases with HIV. The review herein collects the studies that tested the mixture of both sciences, nanotechnology, and epigenetics, in the context of brain therapeutics using three main categories of gene-altering molecules (siRNA, miRNA, and CRISPR) with a special focus on the advancements regarding the new favorite, intranasal route of administration.
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Cytisine derivatives are a group of alkaloids containing the structural core of cytisine, which are mainly distributed in Fabaceae plants with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as resisting inflammation, tumors, and viruses, and affecting the central nervous system. At present, a total of 193 natural cytisine and its derivatives have been reported, all of which are derived from L-lysine. In this study, natural cytisine derivatives were classified into eight types, namely cytisine type, sparteine type, albine type, angustifoline type, camoensidine type, cytisine-like type, tsukushinamine type, and lupanacosmine type. This study reviewed the research progress on the structures, plant sources, biosynthesis, and pharmacological activities of alkaloids of various types.
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Alcaloides , Fabaceae , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Alcaloides/química , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , Azocinas/farmacologia , Azocinas/químicaRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most frequent human cancer and the world's third most significant cause of cancer mortality. HCC treatment has recently improved, but its mortality continues to increase worldwide due to its extremely complicated and heterogeneous genetic abnormalities. After nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), the third gas signaling molecule discovered is hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which has long been thought to be a toxic gas. However, numerous studies have proven that H2S plays many pathophysiological roles in mammals. Endogenous or exogenous H2S can decrease cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, block cell cycle, invasion and migration through various cellular signaling pathways. This review analyzes and discusses the recent literature on the function and molecular mechanism of H2S and H2S donors in HCC, so as to provide convenience for the scientific research and clinical application of H2S in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Animais , Humanos , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMO
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been widely recognized as one of gasotransmitters. Endogenous H2 S plays a crucial role in the progression of cancer. However, the effect of endogenous H2 S on the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is still unknown. In this study, aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, an inhibitor of cystathionine-ß-synthase), dl-propargylglycine (PAG, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase), and l-aspartic acid (l-Asp, an inhibitor of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) were adopted to detect the role of endogenous H2 S in NPC growth. The results indicated that the combine (PAG + AOAA + l-Asp) group had higher inhibitory effect on the growth of NPC cells than the PAG, AOAA, and l-Asp groups. There were similar trends in the levels of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the combine group exhibited lower levels of phospho (p)-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase but higher expressions of p-p38 and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase than those in the AOAA, PAG, and l-Asp groups. Furthermore, the combine group exerted more potent inhibitory effect on NPC xenograft tumor growth without obvious toxicity. In summary, suppression of endogenous H2 S generation could dramatically inhibit NPC growth via the ROS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Endogenous H2 S may be a novel therapeutic target in human NPC cells. Effective inhibitors for H2 S-producing enzymes could be designed and developed for NPC treatment.
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Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Cistationina , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Sulfetos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Exploring the spatial distribution alterations of metabolites during lentil germination is essential to reveal the nutritional value, physiological function, and metabolic pathway in lentils. Hence, an effective matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) method was established for the first time to visualize the spatial localization changes of 53 metabolites in lentils during germination for 12-72 h. The results of MALDI-MSI analysis showed that phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols, and phosphatidic acids were mainly located in the cotyledons of lentils throughout the germination process, while triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, diacylglycerols, amino acids, choline, and spermine spread throughout the lentil tissue at the initial stage of germination and gradually presented obvious distribution characteristics in the radicle with increasing germination time. Heat map analysis was used to visualize the correlations between lipid content changes and germination time, which supported the use of germinated lentils as nutraceutical or functional food.
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Lens (Planta) , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Fosfatidilcolinas , AminoácidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies have indicated that endoscope reprocessing failure might be attributed to internal damage or residual liquid in endoscopes. However, large-sample survey data on the internal conditions of endoscopic channels after reprocessing are lacking. This study used a borescope to investigate the internal cleanliness and damage of 213 endoscopic biopsy channels after reprocessing at the endoscopy center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, provided in theoretical basis for the efficacy of endoscope reprocessing and maintenance. METHODS: A borescope was used to observe and analyze the inside of the endoscopic biopsy channel of 213 reprocessed endoscopes (in accordance with the Chinese health industry standard "Regulation for cleaning and disinfection technique of flexible endoscope (WS 507-2016). Each endoscope was observed for at least 10 minutes, and the results were recorded and evaluated by 5 researchers independently. RESULTS: In all, 2504 images and 109 videos were recorded, and abnormal findings were classified into 10 categories: scratches (91.5%, 195/213), scratches with adherent peel (46.0%, 98/213), discolored areas (49.3%, 105/213), transparent drops (28.2%, 60/213), milky drops (23.9%, 51/213), white particles (46.9%, 100/213), attached materials (37.6%, 80/213), wear on metal parts (41.3%, 88/213), rust (23.9%, 51/213), and black spots (35.7%, 76/213). Among scratches, those in Teflon from 0-10 cm at the apex of the biopsy channel outlet and in metal from 0-5 cm at the biopsy channel inlet accounted for 58.4% (114/195) and 96.4% (188/195), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Scratches were the most common form of damage in the endoscopic biopsy channels investigated and were related to the use of endoscopic accessories and cleaning brush materials. The incidence of other abnormalities gradually increased with the duration of use and began to increase significantly after 18 months. All abnormalities have a certain impact on the quality of endoscope reprocessing. We recommend that a borescope be used to check the inside of endoscopic biopsy channels regularly to determine the damage and cleaning conditions and that these channels be reprocessed, repaired, or replaced in a timely manner.
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Desinfecção , Endoscópios , Humanos , Desinfecção/métodos , Endoscopia , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The role of hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) in angiogenesis has been widely demonstrated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in H2 S-induced angiogenesis. H2 S promotes angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF via pro-angiogenic signal transduction. The involved signalling pathways include the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway, nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP ) channels. H2 S has been shown to contribute to tumour angiogenesis, diabetic wound healing, angiogenesis in cardiac and cerebral ischaemic tissues, and physiological angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Furthermore, H2 S can exert an anti-angiogenic effect by inactivating Wnt/ß-catenin signalling or blocking the STAT3 pathway in tumours. Therefore, H2 S plays a double-edged sword role in the process of angiogenesis. The regulation of H2 S production is a promising therapeutic approach for angiogenesis-associated diseases. Novel H2 S donors and/or inhibitors can be developed in the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Humanos , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
A superior sectioning sample preparation protocol is the basic guarantee for maintaining data reliability in MALDI-TOF-MSI analysis. Despite significant advances in sample preparation, visualization of lipids in hard and dry cereals remains difficult due to their inherent physicochemical properties. Thus, a cryosections preparation method was designed via poly-l-lysine soaking, conductive tape adhesion and embedding medium fixation, which preserved the spatial integrity of lipids in cereals without causing analyte delocalization and obvious background interference. Higher signal intensity and clearer imaging of lipids in rice, wheat and barley (Qingke) were obtained using the established sample preparation method. Moreover, the spatial distribution of lipids was visualized in rice with different storage years, which found that the phosphatidylinositols (PIs) and phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) could be used for evaluation of rice aging degree. Our study provided molecular level guidance for further discussion of rice aging mechanism, rice quality evaluation and safety monitoring.
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Grão Comestível , Lipídeos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodosRESUMO
Lung cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers in the world, which seriously affects the normal life and health of patients. According to the investigation report, the 3-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer is less than 20%. Heredity, the environment, and long-term smoking or secondhand smoke greatly promote the development and progress of the disease. The mechanisms of action of the occurrence and development of lung cancer have not been fully clarified. As a new type of gas signal molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has received great attention for its physiological and pathological roles in mammalian cells. It has been found that H2S is widely involved in the regulation of the respiratory system and digestive system, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. H2S has the characteristics of dissolving in water and passing through the cell membrane, and is widely expressed in body tissues, which determines the possibility of its participation in the occurrence of lung cancer. Both endogenous and exogenous H2S may be involved in the inhibition of lung cancer cells by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial DNA integrity, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B co-pathway hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). This article reviews and discusses the molecular mechanism of H2S in the development of lung cancer, and provides novel insights for the prevention and targeted therapy of lung cancer.
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Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Animais , Humanos , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMO
Thyroid cancer is considered to be one of the most common endocrine tumors worldwide. Cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of several types of malignancies. And yet, the mechanism of action of CBS in the growth of thyroid carcinoma cells is still unrevealed. We found that CBS level in thyroid carcinoma tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue. The overexpression of CBS enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, while the downregulation of CBS exerted reverse effects. CBS overexpression reduced the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase in thyroid cancer cells, whereas CBS knockdown showed reverse trends. CBS overexpression decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels but increased the levels of Wnt3a and phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ß-catenin, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, while CBS knockdown exerted opposite effects. In addition, CBS overexpression promoted the growth of xenografted thyroid carcinoma, whereas CBS knockdown decreased the tumor growth by modulating angiogenesis, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Furthermore, aminooxyacetic acid (an inhibitor of CBS) dose-dependently inhibited thyroid carcinoma cell growth. CBS can regulate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human thyroid cancer cells via ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways. CBS can be a potential biomarker for diagnosing or prognosing thyroid carcinoma. Novel donors that inhibit the expression of CBS can be developed in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma.
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Cistationina beta-Sintase , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Cistationina beta-Sintase/metabolismo , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
Objective: To analyze the ultrasonic characteristics of false-negative and false-positive results of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules to clarify the influence of nodular characteristics on SWE and to guide the clinical application of SWE. Methods: A total of 435 thyroid nodules from 343 patients with the diagnosis confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed. Preoperative ultrasonography and SWE were conducted. The conventional ultrasound characteristics of thyroid nodules and the maximum Young's modulus were recorded. The false negativity and false positivity of SWE for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules were calculated. The ultrasonic characteristics of thyroid nodules with SWE false results were analyzed, and logistic regression analysis was adopted to determine the ultrasonic characteristics associated with SWE false results of thyroid nodules. Results: Among 323 malignant nodules, the SWE false negativity was 27.2% (88/323). The false positivity of SWE in 112 benign nodules was 19.6% (22/112). Regression analysis showed that an increase in the nodule volume increased the risk of SWE false-positive results (odds ratio [OR] 3.286; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.572-6.871; P = 0.002) and decreased the risk of false-negative results (OR 0.238; 95% CI: 0.115-0.493; P < 0.001). Nodules with coarse calcification had an increased risk of SWE false-positive results compared with those without calcification (OR 5.303; 95% CI: 1.098-25.619; P = 0.038). However, nodules with scattered hyperechoic foci had a reduced risk of SWE false-negative results (OR 0.515; 95% CI: 0.280-0.951; P = 0.034). Conclusion: Nodular size and calcification were correlated with SWE false results, and the clinical application of SWE should be combined with conventional ultrasound features. Fine needle aspiration or a puncture biopsy should be conducted if necessary.
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Calcinose , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Ultrassonografia/métodosRESUMO
Background: Surgery is an effective treatment for improving the survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). However, accurately determining the resection margin of liver lesions during surgery remains challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CE-IOUS) in CRLM patients undergoing surgery. Methods: We performed a literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Weipu databases using the following search terms: metastatic liver cancer, colorectal cancer, sensitivity, contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound, CE-IOUS, colorectal liver metastases, and CRLM. The search period was set from the date of establishment of the database to September 2021. Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS-2) recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, and network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software. Results: A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results showed that the overall sensitivity and specificity of CE-IOUS were 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95-0.97] and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.80), respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of IOUS were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.82-0.86) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77-0.87), respectively. The area under the summary receiving operating characteristic (SROC) curves (AUCs) of CE-IOUS and IOUS were 0.9753 and 0.8590, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of CE-IOUS changed the surgical margin were 0.205 and 0.071-0.465, P=0.000, the difference was statistically significant. Discussion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, CE-IOUS improved the sensitivity and predictive value of CRLM detection compared with IOUS, and is more suitable for intraoperative planning of surgical margins. At present, it is the most sensitive imaging method available, and is recommended for use during liver resection to provide doctors with more reliable information during surgery.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of qualitative shear wave elastography (SWE) color in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. METHODS: From January 2017 to July 2018, 241 patients with 261 thyroid nodules, who underwent conventional ultrasonography and SWE examination before surgical resection, were enrolled. The nodules were also evaluated by histopathologic analyses. The SWE color characteristics that could differentiate malignant and benign thyroid nodules were selected and scored based on the malignancy rate. The diagnostic performances were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis. RESULTS: Among the 261 thyroid nodules, 58 were benign, and 203 were malignant. Malignancy was associated with orange or red as the color of maximum hardness inside a nodule, green as the primary color, with a "stiff rim," inhomogeneous internal color, and inhomogeneous color between the nodules and its surrounding areas. The SWE color scores for benign thyroid nodules were mainly 0 and 1, while 4 and 5 were for malignant thyroid nodules. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the SWE color score ≥3 for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.764, 0.891) with a sensitivity of 82.8%, a specificity of 82.8%, and an accuracy of 83.1%. Additionally, conventional ultrasound combined with SWE color scores had a higher diagnostic performance than conventional ultrasound (AUC 0.820 vs AUC 0.796, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The SWE color scores might be a convenient and effective method to assist in differentiating thyroid nodules.
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To date, little attempt has been made to develop new treatments for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), although the community is aware of the shortage of treatments for H. pylori. In this study, we developed a 192-tandem-microwell-based high-throughput assay for ammonia that is a known virulence factor of H. pylori and a product of urease. We could identify few drugs, that is, panobinostat, dacinostat, ebselen, captan, and disulfiram, to potently inhibit the activity of ureases from bacterial or plant species. These inhibitors suppress the activity of urease via substrate-competitive or covalent-allosteric mechanism, but all except captan prevent the antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strain from killing human gastric cells, with a more pronounced effect than acetohydroxamic acid, a well-known urease inhibitor and clinically used drug for the treatment of bacterial infection. This study offers several bases for the development of new treatments for urease-containing pathogens and to study the mechanism responsible for the regulation of urease activity.