Temperature-Sensitive Template for Preparation of ZnO/CeO2 Composite Photocatalytic Materials and Its Catalytic Performance.

In this work, a series of thermosensitive ionic liquid functionalized polymers, PNx(IL)y, with controllable morphology and particle size were prepared by free radical polymerization. Then, using the polymer PN64(IL)8 with uniform morphology as a templating agent, the ZnO composite photocatalytic materials doped with rare earth metal Ce were prepared in combination with a microwave-assisted and templated hydrothermal reaction method. Series different Ce-doping amount photocatalytic materials ZnO-Ce-x‱ were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and other methods. The results demonstrated that the templated materials PN64(IL)8 can prepare ZnO-Ce-2‱ with uniform petaloid ambulacra shape, good distribution of elements, and excellent photocatalytic performance. Photocatalytic degradation experiments of methyl orange (MO) showed that when the Ce-doping amount is only 2‱, the degradation rate of organic dyes can reach 96.5% by reacting the photocatalytic materials in water for 1 h. In addition, this kind of photocatalyst can be used for the degradation of high-concentration MO, as well as being easily recovered and effectively reused by simple filtration. Therefore, the structure of this kind of photocatalyst is controllable in the preparation process with an extremely low Ce-doping amount compared with current reports, and it has a good application prospect in the field of wastewater treatment technology.

Specific and Sensitive Visual Proviral DNA Detection of Major Pathogenic Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroups Using CRISPR-Associated Nuclease Cas13a.

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) include a group of avian retroviruses primarily associated with neoplastic diseases in poultry, commonly referred to as avian leukosis. Belonging to different subgroups based on their envelope properties, ALV subgroups A, B, and J (ALV-A, ALV-B, and ALV-J) are the most widespread in poultry populations. Early identification and removal of virus-shedding birds from infected flocks are essential for the ALVs' eradication. Therefore, the development of rapid, accurate, simple-to-use, and cost effective on-site diagnostic methods for the detection of ALV subgroups is very important. Cas13a, an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease that cleaves target single-stranded RNA, also exhibits non-specific endonuclease activity on any bystander RNA in close proximity. The distinct trans-cleavage activity of Cas13 has been exploited in the molecular diagnosis of multiple pathogens including several viruses. Here, we describe the development and application of a highly sensitive Cas13a-based molecular test for the specific detection of proviral DNA of ALV-A, B, and J subgroups. Prokaryotically expressed LwaCas13a, purified through ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography, was combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and T7 transcription to establish the SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking) molecular detection system for the detection of proviral DNA of ALV-A/B/J subgroups. This novel method that needs less sample input with a short turnaround time is based on isothermal detection at 37 °C with a color-based lateral flow readout. The detection limit of the assay for ALV-A/B/J subgroups was 50 copies with no cross reactivity with ALV-C/D/E subgroups and other avian oncogenic viruses such as reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV). The development and evaluation of a highly sensitive and specific visual method of detection of ALV-A/B/J nucleic acids using CRISPR-Cas13a described here will help in ALV detection in eradication programs.

Integrated Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Key Regulators of Fat Deposition in Different Adipose Tissues of Geese (Anser cygnoides).

The fat deposition of different adipose tissues is widely recognized as correlated, with distinct effects on meat quality traits and reproductive performance in poultry. In this study, we utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics analyses to investigate the heterogeneity and regulators of intramuscular fat (IMF), abdominal fat (AF), and subcutaneous fat (SF) in geese. Lipidomic profiling revealed 165, 129, and 77 differential lipid molecules (DLMs) between AF vs. IMF, SF vs. IMF, and SF vs. AF, respectively, with 47 common DLMs identified between AF vs. IMF and SF vs. IMF. Transcriptomic analysis identified 3369, 5758, and 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AF vs. IMF, SF vs. IMF, and SF vs. AF, respectively, with 2510 common DEGs identified between AF vs. IMF and SF vs. IMF. The KEGG results indicate that DLMs were predominantly enriched in glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid metabolism pathways, while DEGs were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways. Pearson correlation analysis identified FABP4, LPL, PLCB1, DSE, and PDE5A as potential factors influencing fat deposition. This study elucidates the heterogeneity and regulatory factors of different adipose tissues in geese, offering new insights for targeted improvements in goose meat quality and production efficiency.

Identifying the genetic mechanism of medium-low temperature fluoride-enriched geothermal groundwater by the self-organizing map and evaluating health risk in the Wugongshan area, southeast China.

Fluoride-enriched groundwater is a serious threat for groundwater supply around the world. The medium-low temperature fluoride-enriched geothermal groundwater resource is widely distributed in the circum-Wugongshan area. And the fluoride concentration of all geothermal samples exceeds the WHO permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L. The Self-Organizing Map method, hydrochemical and isotopic analysis are used to decipher the driving factors and genetic mechanism of fluoride-enriched geothermal groundwater. A total of 19 samples collected from the circum-Wugongshan geothermal belt are divided into four clusters by the self-organizing map. Cluster I, Cluster II, Cluster III, and Cluster IV represent the geothermal groundwater with the different degree of fluoride concentration pollution, the different hydrochemical type, and the physicochemical characteristic. The high F- concentration geothermal groundwater is characterized by HCO3-Na with alkalinity environment. The δD and δ18O values indicate that the geothermal groundwater origins from the atmospheric precipitation with the recharge elevation of 1000-2100 m. The dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals is the main source of fluoride ions in geothermal water. Moreover, groundwater fluoride enrichment is also facilitated by water-rock interaction, cation exchange and alkaline environment. Additionally, the health risk assessment result reveals that the fluorine-enriched geothermal groundwater in the western part of Wugongshan area poses a more serious threat to human health than that of eastern part. The fluoride health risks of geothermal groundwater for different group show differentiation, 100% for children, 94.74% for adult females, and 68.42% for adult males, respectively. Compared with adult females and adult males, children faced the greatest health risks. The results of this study provide scientific evaluation for the utilization of geothermal groundwater and the protection of human health around the Wugongshan area.

Viral miRNA delivered by exosomes from Marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoma cell line exerts regulatory function in internalized primary chicken embryo fibroblast cells.

In the past decade, research has demonstrated that viral miRNAs encoded by a number of viral genomes, particularly by most of the herpesvirus including Marek's disease virus (MDV), play important regulatory roles in viral infection, replication, and regulation of tumorigenesis. As macrovesicles in cells, exosomes can deliver viral miRNAs and exert gene regulatory functions. Whether the exosomes play a role in the replication, pathogenesis/tumorigenesis of avian herpesviruses such as oncogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV) remains unclear. Herein we extracted and identified the exosomes from MDV-transformed T cell line MSB-1 and demonstrated high abundance of MDV-1 miRNA expression. Using dual luciferase-based reporter assay, we also demonstrated that the exosomes derived from MSB-1 can deliver functional miRNA successfully into primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. These findings provide new insights into the role of exosomes and the mechanisms of how virus-encoded miRNA function in MDV latency/activation switching, viral replication, pathogenesis and/or tumorigenesis.

Cu(II)-Catalyzed Hydroboration Reactions of 1,1-Disubstituted α,ß-Unsaturated Ketones, Esters, and Amides in Pure Water.

Here, a Cu2(OH)2CO3-catalyzed hydroboration reaction of 1,1-disubstituted α,ß-unsaturated compounds has been developed. The reaction was carried out using water as a solvent at room temperature except for N-monosubstituted α,ß-unsaturated amides. This method is applicable to diverse 1,1-disubstituted α,ß-unsaturated ketones, esters, and amides, showing excellent reactivity (up to 98% yield). Gram-scale experiments and functional group transformations further demonstrated the practicality of this method.

Gender Differences in Negative Life Events, Present-Moment Awareness, Problem-Solving, and Perceived Stress Among Rural Adolescents.

Drawing on the stressor-perception-coping-response model of stress, this study examined the associations between negative life events, present-moment awareness, problem-solving, and perceived stress among rural adolescents, focusing specifically on gender differences. Using a cross-sectional design, 3519 Chinese rural adolescents completed measures assessing negative life events, present-moment awareness, problem-solving, and perceived stress. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized serial mediation model. The results revealed a positive association between negative life events and perceived stress in rural adolescents, which was serially mediated by present-moment awareness and problem-solving. Furthermore, significant gender differences were observed. Specifically, girls exhibited larger effects than boys in the overall effect of negative life events on perceived stress, the indirect effect of present-moment awareness, and the serial mediating effect. These findings suggest that present-moment awareness and problem-solving may serve as crucial mechanisms for understanding rural adolescents' perceived stress in response to negative life events, particularly among female rural adolescents.

Cell division cyclin 25C knockdown inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma development by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

BACKGROUND: Cell division cyclin 25C (CDC25C) is a protein that plays a critical role in the cell cycle, specifically in the transition from the G2 phase to the M phase. Recent research has shown that CDC25C could be a potential therapeutic target for cancers, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific regulatory mechanisms underlying the role of CDC25C in HCC tumorigenesis and development remain incompletely understood. AIM: To explore the impact of CDC25C on cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as its regulatory mechanisms in HCC development. METHODS: Hepa1-6 and B16 cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector containing shRNA interference sequences (LV-CDC25C shRNA) to knock down CDC25C. Subsequently, a xenograft mouse model was established by subcutaneously injecting transduced Hepa1-6 cells into C57BL/6 mice to assess the effects of CDC25C knockdown on HCC development in vivo. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 cell proliferation assays and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules (glucose-regulated protein 78, X-box binding protein-1, and C/EBP homologous protein) was measured in both cells and subcutaneous xenografts using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Additionally, apoptosis was investigated using flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. RESULTS: CDC25C was stably suppressed in Hepa1-6 and B16 cells through LV-CDC25C shRNA transduction. A xenograft model with CDC25C knockdown was successfully established and that downregulation of CDC25C expression significantly inhibited HCC growth in mice. CDC25C knockdown not only inhibited cell proliferation and migration but also significantly increased the ER stress response, ultimately promoting ER stress-induced apoptosis in HCC cells. CONCLUSION: The regulatory mechanism of CDC25C in HCC development may involve the activation of ER stress and the ER stress-induced apoptosis signaling pathway.

Cellulose supported TiO2/Cu2O for highly asymmetric conjugate addition of α,ß-unsaturated compounds in aqueous phase.

A series of new kind green cellulose-supported bimetallic TiO2/Cu2O (Cell@TiO2/Cu2O) catalytic materials were obtained by in-situ reduction method employing cellulose as the carrier. The effects of metal percentage composition on the morphology and construction of the catalytic materials were systematically investigated. The Cell@TiO2/Cu2O were characterized by FT-IR, TG, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDS, and the element content was obtained by elemental analysis. Then, the achieved catalytic materials were applied to the chiral borylation reaction of α,ß-unsaturated compounds, including nitrile compounds, esters, and α,ß-unsaturated ketones. Remarkably, this approach provides an efficient strategy to gain an important class of chiral organic boron compounds with target chiral products in high yields as well as enantioselectivities. Besides, the Cell@TiO2/Cu2O could be easily recycled and effectively reused. This work constructed bimetallic TiO2/Cu2O on cellulose as a newly catalyst to obtain chiral boron compounds in aqueous phase.

Structural determinants for membrane binding of the EGFR juxtamembrane domain.

Overactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critical for the development of multiple cancers. Previous studies have shown that the cell membrane is a key regulator of EGFR kinase activity through its interaction with the EGFR juxtamembrane domain (JM). However, the lipid recognition specificity of EGFR-JM and its interaction details remain unclear. Using lipid strip and liposome pulldown assays, we showed that EGFR-JM could specifically interact with PI(4,5)P2-or phosphatidylserine-containing membranes. We further characterized the JM-membrane interaction using NMR-titration-based chemical shift perturbation and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement analyses, and found that residues I649 - L659 comprised the membrane-binding site. Furthermore, the membrane-binding region contains the predicted dimerization motif of JM, 655LRRLL659, suggesting that membrane binding may affect JM dimerization and, therefore, regulate kinase activation.

Population Structures and Dynamics of Rhododendron Communities with Different Stages of Succession in Northwest Guizhou, China.

To explore the population structures and dynamics of Rhododendron shrub communities at different stages of succession in northwest Guizhou, China, this study examined the populations of Rhododendron annae and Rhododendron irroratum shrub with two different stages. A space-for-time substitution was employed to establish the diameter class/height structures, static life tables, and survival/mortality rate/disappearance rate curves of both Rhododendron populations with different orders of succession. Their structural and quantitative dynamics were analyzed, and their development trends were predicted. The results showed that, quantitatively, the populations of R. annae and R. irroratum in the two Rhododendron communities with different orders of succession were dominated by age classes one, two, and three as well as height classes i, ii, and iii. The number of Rhododendron plants at the three age classes and the three height classes accounted for 97.61-100% of the total. The quantitative dynamic indices of R. annae and R. irroratum were both greater than 0, with and without considering external interference. In terms of age class and height structures, both Rhododendron populations were expanding populations, presenting "inverted-J-shaped" and irregular pyramid patterns. There was a sufficient number of young individuals, but few or no old individuals. Both survival curves of the populations of R. annae and R. irroratum in the two Rhododendron communities with different orders of succession belonged to the Deevy-II type. In the late stage of succession, the mortality curves and disappearance curves of both Rhododendron populations in these communities presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing age class. This result indicates that at each age class, R. annae and R. irroratum showed a trend of gradual increase after two, four, and six years. In brief, the populations of R. annae and R. irroratum have rich reserves of seedlings and saplings, but high mortality and disappearance rates. In this context, it is necessary to reduce human interference and implement targeted conservation measures to promote the natural renewal of Rhododendron populations.

New Insights into the Dependence of CPEB3 Ribozyme Cleavage on Mn2+ and Mg2.

CPEB3 ribozyme is a self-cleaving RNA that occurs naturally in mammals and requires divalent metal ions for efficient activity. Ribozymes exhibit preferences for specific metal ions, but the exact differences in the catalytic mechanisms of various metal ions on the CPEB3 ribozyme remain unclear. Our findings reveal that Mn2+ functions as a more effective cofactor for CPEB3 ribozyme catalysis compared to Mg2+, as confirmed by its stronger binding affinity to CPEB3 by EPR. Cleavage assays of CPEB3 mutants and molecular docking analyses further showed that excessive Mn2+ ions can bind to a second binding site near the catalytic site, hindering CPEB3 catalytic efficiency and contributing to the Mn2+ bell-shaped curve. These results implicate a pivotal role for the local nucleobase-Mn2+ interactions in facilitating RNA folding and modulating the directed attack of nucleophilic reagents. Our study provides new insights and experimental evidence for exploring the divalent cation dependent cleavage mechanism of the CPEB3 ribozyme.

Effect of interaction between dissolved organic matter and iron/manganese (hydrogen) oxides on the degradation of organic pollutants by in-situ advanced oxidation techniques.

Iron and manganese (hydrogen) oxides (IMHOs) exhibit excellent redox capabilities for environmental pollutants and are commonly used in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technologies for the degradation of organic pollutants. However, the coexisting dissolved organic matter (DOMs) in surface environments would influence the degradation behavior and fate of organic pollutants in IMHOs-based ISCO. This review has summarized the interactions and mechanisms between DOMs and IMHOs, as well as the properties of DOM-IMHOs complexes. Importantly, the promotion or inhibition impact of DOM was discussed from three perspectives. First, the presence of DOMs may hinder the accessibility of active sites on IMHOs, thus reducing their efficiency in degrading organic pollutants. The formation of compounds between DOMs and IMHOs alters their stability and activity in the degradation process. Second, the presence of DOMs may also affect the generation and transport of active species, thereby influencing the oxidative degradation process of organic pollutants. Third, specific components within DOMs also participate and affect the degradation pathways and rates. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between DOMs and IMHOs helps to better understand and predict the degradation process of organic pollutants mediated by IMHOs in real environmental conditions and contributes to the further development and application of IMHO-mediated ISCO technology.

Organoboron-mediated polymerizations.

The scientific community has witnessed extensive developments and applications of organoboron compounds as synthetic elements and metal-free catalysts for the construction of small molecules, macromolecules, and functional materials over the last two decades. This review highlights the achievements of organoboron-mediated polymerizations in the past several decades alongside the mechanisms underlying these transformations from the standpoint of the polymerization mode. Emphasis is placed on free radical polymerization, Lewis pair polymerization, ionic (cationic and anionic) polymerization, and polyhomologation. Herein, alkylborane/O2 initiating systems mediate the radical polymerization under ambient conditions in a controlled/living manner by careful optimization of the alkylborane structure or additives; when combined with Lewis bases, the selected organoboron compounds can mediate the Lewis pair polymerization of polar monomers; the bicomponent organoboron-based Lewis pairs and bifunctional organoboron-onium catalysts catalyze ring opening (co)polymerization of cyclic monomers (with heteroallenes, such as epoxides, CO2, CO, COS, CS2, episulfides, anhydrides, and isocyanates) with well-defined structures and high reactivities; and organoboranes initiate the polyhomologation of sulfur ylides and arsonium ylides providing functional polyethylene with different topologies. The topological structures of the produced polymers via these organoboron-mediated polymerizations are also presented in this review mainly including linear polymers, block copolymers, cyclic polymers, and graft polymers. We hope the summary and understanding of how organoboron compounds mediate polymerizations can inspire chemists to apply these principles in the design of more advanced organoboron compounds, which may be beneficial for the polymer chemistry community and organometallics/organocatalysis community.

Tuning d-orbitals to control spin-orbit coupling in terminated MXenes.

Theory and experiment have revealed that spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strongly depends on the relativistic effect in topological insulators (TIs), while the influence of orbitals is always ignored. Herein, we provide a direct way of controlling effective SOC with the help of orbital effects, reducing the dependence on elements. Taking 5d W2CO2 and 4d Mo2CO2 MXenes as a specific example, we predict that by decreasing the hybridization strength of W atoms with C or O atoms in 2D W2CO2, the nontrivial bandgaps at the Γ-point are directly enhanced. The weak hybridization of W atoms with ligand elements enhances the electron localization of degenerate d-orbitals of three groups under the triangular prism crystal field, inducing stronger on-site Coulomb repulsion that enhances orbital polarization as well as boosts the SOC effect. Meanwhile, similar results have also been observed in 4d Mo2CO2. This implies that the orbital effects are an efficient and straightforward way to control the nontrivial bandgap in 2D MXene TIs. Our work not only provides an alternative perspective on designing large nontrivial bandgaps but also brings a possibility to control the SOC effect for TI devices.

Synthesis of lipophilic antioxidant tyrosol laurate using imidazolium ionic liquid [Bmim]HSO4 as a catalyst.

Tyrosol is a natural phenolic compound with potent antioxidant properties in the field of food manufacturing. However, the low lipophilicity of tyrosol limited its application. Therefore, the construction of tyrosol laurate (Tyr-L) could effectively overcome the limitations of tyrosol. In this work, four ionic liquids (ILs) were applied for TYr-L preparation. Among them, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4) showed the best catalytic performance. The maximum TYr-L yield was achieved (94.24 ± 1.23 %) under the optimal conditions (reaction temperature 119 °C, substrate ratio 1:6.7, IL dosage 9.2 %, and reaction time 12 h). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and it was found that Ea, ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were 80.81 kJ·mol-1, 77.63 kJ·mol-1, -82.08 J·(mol·K)-1, and 109.89 kJ·mol-1, respectively. The acidic [Bmim]HSO4 demonstrated excellent reusability and stability, even after 6 cycles. Furthermore, TYr-L showed superior ABTS radical scavenging ability, which could be further applied in various industrial processes.

Targeted activation of ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via LGR4 targeting overcomes acquired drug resistance.

Acquired drug resistance is a major challenge for cancer therapy and is the leading cause of cancer mortality; however, the mechanisms of drug resistance are diverse and the strategy to specifically target drug-resistant cancer cells remains an unmet clinical issue. Here, we established a colorectal cancer-derived organoid biobank and induced acquired drug resistance by repeated low-level exposures of chemo-agents. Chemosensitivity profiling and transcriptomic analysis studies revealed that chemoresistant cancer-derived organoids exhibited elevated expression of LGR4 and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Further, we generated a monoclonal antibody (LGR4-mAb) that potently inhibited LGR4-Wnt signaling and found that treatment with LGR4-mAb notably sensitized drug-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, LGR4-dependent Wnt signaling transcriptionally upregulated SLC7A11, a key inhibitor of ferroptosis, to confer acquired drug resistance. Our findings reveal that targeting of Wnt signaling by LGR4-mAb augments ferroptosis when co-administrated with chemotherapeutic agents, demonstrating a potential opportunity to fight refractory and recurrent cancers.

Acceptability, Preferred Medium, and Components of Nurse-Led Cardiac Telerehabilitation: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary secondary prevention care in coronary heart disease (CHD). There are barriers at the patient and health system levels that prevent CR from being utilized. Cardiac telerehabilitation led by nurses (Ne-CTR) can alleviate the obstacles to participation in CR. A patient perspective can improve CR access. This study was the first pre-program investigation to clarify the status of knowledge and participation in CTR. We sought to clarify the acceptability, the reasons for rejection, the desired form, components, and associated factors with the components needed for (Ne-CTR) in patients with CHD. The study aimed to help develop a protocol for Ne-CTR for Chinese patients with CHD. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2020 and 2021. Hospitals in four provinces in China were included. The participants were 671 patients with CHD in hospitals located in three regions of China. A self-administered questionnaire collected information about demographics, knowledge, and participation in CTR, acceptability, preferred medium, and components of Ne-CTR. Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analyzed the factors associated with component needs. All the analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Most participants (n = 434, 66.77%) had a poor understanding and participation in CTR. In addition, 65.38% (n = 439) of participants were willing to accept the Ne-CTR program, and 43.56% (n = 98) identified safety as reasons for not accepting such a program. In the group accepting Ne-CTR, 35% chose hospital-designed professional applications as a medium for Ne-CTR when offered. Education (4.44 ± 1.056) and drug information (4.44 ± 1.040) had the highest average need score. Education, monthly income, marital status, previous CTR participation, and health insurance were associated with the demand level scores of Ne-CTR. This study demonstrated high levels of need for Ne-CTR among patients with CHD and identified the desired medium, components, and associated factors of Ne-CTR. These findings provide reference information for the construction of a Ne-CTR program.

Self-esteem and cortical thickness correlate with aggression in healthy children: A surface-based analysis.

Aggressive behavior can have serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. However, little is known about the personality and neurological antecedents underlying aggressive behavior in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure (i.e., cortical thickness and surface area) in a population of healthy children (N = 78; 9-12 years; mean age: 9.95 ± 0.90 years). The results revealed that self-esteem showed a negative association with aggression and significantly predicted aggressive behavior. No gender differences were found in aggression and its neural correlates. We performed the cortical parcellation method to further explore the neural foundations underlying the association of self-esteem with aggression. Children with higher aggression had increased cortical thickness in four clusters after multiple comparison correction: right medial orbitofrontal cortex, right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, right superior frontal gyrus, and left insula. In a mediation analysis, cortical thickness in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex contributed to the effect of self-esteem on aggression. These findings extend our understanding of morphological correlates of aggression in children, suggesting that an increased cortical thickness in childhood is a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression.