Nitrate recovery from groundwater and simultaneous upcycling into single-cell protein using a novel hybrid biological-inorganic system.

Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious problem worldwide, as its concentration in many areas exceeds the WHO-defined drinking water standard (50 mg/L). Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB) are a group of microorganisms capable of producing single-cell protein (SCP) using hydrogen and oxygen. Furthermore, HOB can utilize various nitrogen sources, including nitrate. This study developed a novel hybrid biological-inorganic (HBI) system that coupled a new submersible water electrolysis system driven by renewable electricity with HOB fermentation for in-situ nitrate recovery from polluted groundwater and simultaneously upcycling it together with CO2 into single-cell protein. The performance of the novel HBI system was first evaluated in terms of bacterial growth and nitrate removal efficiency. With 5 V voltage applied and the initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/L, the nitrate removal efficiency of 85.52 % and raw of 47.71 % (with a broad amino acid spectrum) were obtained. Besides, the HBI system was affected by the applied voltages and initial nitrogen concentrations. The water electrolysis with 3 and 4 V cannot provide sufficient H2 for HOB and the removal of nitrate was 57.12 % and 59.22 % at 180 h, while it reached 65.14 % and 65.42 % at 5 and 6 V, respectively. The nitrate removal efficiency reached 58.40 % and 50.72 % within 180 h with 200 and 300 mg/L initial nitrate concentrations, respectively. Moreover, a larger anion exchange membrane area promoted nitrate removal. The monitored of the determination of different forms of nitrogen indicated that around 60 % of the recovered nitrate was assimilated into cells, and 40 % was bio-converted to N2. The results demonstrate a potentially sustainable method for remediating nitrate contaminant in groundwater, upcycling waste nitrogen, CO2 sequestration and valorization of renewable electricity into food or feed.

Immunopeptidomics mapping of Listeria monocytogenes T cell epitopes in mice.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne intracellular bacterial model pathogen. Protective immunity against Listeria depends on an effective CD8+ T cell response, but very few T cell epitopes are known in mice as a common animal infection model for listeriosis. To identify epitopes we screened for Listeria immunopeptides presented in the spleen of infected mice by mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics. We mapped more than 6,000 mouse self-peptides presented on MHC Class I molecules, including 12 high confident Listeria peptides from 12 different bacterial proteins. Bacterial immunopeptides with confirmed fragmentation spectra were further tested for their potential to activate CD8+ T cells, revealing VTYNYINI from the putative cell wall surface anchor family protein LMON_0576 as a novel bona fide peptide epitope. The epitope showed high biological potency in a prime boost model and can be used as a research tool to probe CD8+ T cell responses in mouse models of Listeria infection. Together, our results demonstrate the power of immunopeptidomics for bacterial antigen identification.

Si, B-containing dynamic covalent bonds enable excellent flame retardancy and reduced fire hazards for cyanate ester resin.

Cyanate ester (CE) resins are distinguished by excellent dielectric properties in electronic packaging materials but face significant fire risks, with existing strategies often compromising their processability or original properties. Herein, we propose an innovative strategy involving the exchange of dynamic covalent bonds under heat stimuli aimed at forming a continuous and compact char layer to enhance the fire safety of CE resin. Using a straightforward one-pot method, dynamic Si-O and B-O bonds were integrated into a novel hyperbranched polymer (HPSiB), ensuring good compatibility with CE resin while lowering its peak curing temperature by 185 °C for facile processability. The resulting material with 6 wt% HPSiB exhibits a LOI value of 32.8% and UL-94 V0 rating, especially a low total smoke production of 6.7 m2, demonstrating excellent flame retardancy and reduced fire hazards compared to reported Si or B-containing flame-retardant materials. Moreover, its glass transition temperature increased by 35 °C, along with enhanced mechanical properties and an ultra-low dielectric loss of 0.0031 at 10 GHz. These advancements highlight the significant potential of this work in developing high-performance fire-resistant materials.

Catalyst-Free Extraction of U(VI) in Solution by Tribocatalysis.

Extraction of U(VI) in water is of great significance in energy and environmental fields. However, the traditional methods usually fail due to the indispensable extra addition of catalyst, adsorbent, precipitant, or sacrificial agents, which may lead to enhanced extraction costs and secondary pollution. Here, a new efficient uranium extraction strategy is proposed based on triboelectricity without adding a catalyst or other additives. It is found only under the friction between the microbubbles (generated under ultrasonication) and the water flow, that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can largely be generated, which thus contributes to the solidification of U(VI) from water. In addition, the magnetic field can affect the phase of the product. Under mechanical stirring, the product contains (UO2)O2·2H2O, while which contains UO2(OH)2 and (UO2)O2·4H2O under the magnetic stirring. Quenching experiments are also carried out to explore the influence of environmental factors. Most importantly, it shows great potential in the extraction of U(VI) from seawater. This work proposes a catalyst-free and light-free strategy toward the solidification of U(VI) from water, which avoids the secondary pollution of the catalyst to the environment and is low-cost, and has great potential in the real application.

Novel strategy for efficient energy recovery and pollutant control from sewage sludge and food waste treatment.

Considering the high organic matter contents and pollutants in sewage sludge (SS) and food waste (FW), seeking green and effective technology for energy recovery and pollutant control is a big challenge. In this study, we proposed a integrated technology combing SS mass separation by hydrothermal pretreatment, methane production from co-digestion of hydrothermally treated sewage sludge (HSS) centrate and FW, and biochar production from co-pyrolysis of HSS cake and digestate with heavy metal immobilization for synergistic utilization of SS and FW. The results showed that the co-digestion of HSS centrate with FW reduced the NH4+-N concentration and promoted volatile fatty acids conversion, leading to a more robust anaerobic system for better methane generation. Among the co-pyrolysis of HSS cake and digestate, digestate addition improved biochar quality with heavy metals immobilization and toxicity reduction. Following the lab-scale investigation, the pilot-scale verification was successfully performed (except the co-digestion process). The mass and energy balance revealed that the produced methane could supply the whole energy consumption of the integrated system with 26.2 t biochar generation for treating 300 t SS and 120 t FW. This study presents a new strategy and technology validation for synergistic treatment of SS and FW with resource recovery and pollutants control.

Engineering M1 macrophages with targeting aptamers for enhanced adoptive immunotherapy by modifying the cell surface.

Macrophages play a critical role in the body's defense against cancer by phagocytosing tumor cells, presenting antigens, and activating adaptive T cells. However, macrophages are intrinsically incapable of delivering targeted cancer immunotherapies. Engineered adoptive cell therapy introduces new targeting and antitumor capabilities by modifying macrophages to enhance the innate immune response of cells and improve clinical efficacy. In this study, we developed engineered macrophage cholesterol-AS1411-M1 (CAM1) for cellular immunotherapy. To target macrophages, cholesterol-AS1411 aptamers were anchored to the surface of M1 macrophages to produce CAM1 without genetic modification or cell damage. CAM1 induced significantly higher apoptosis/mortality than unmodified M1 macrophages in murine breast cancer cells. Anchoring AS1411 on the surface of macrophages provided a novel approach to construct engineered macrophages for tumor immunotherapy.

Activation of peracetic acid by electrodes using biogenic electrons: A novel energy- and catalyst-free process to eliminate pharmaceuticals.

Peracetic acid (PAA) has received increasing attention as an alternative oxidant for wastewater treatment. However, existing processes for PAA activation to generate reactive species typically require external energy input (e.g., electrically and UV-mediated activation) or catalysts (e.g., Co2+), inevitably increasing treatment costs or introducing potential new contaminants that necessitate additional removal. In this work, we developed a catalyst-free, self-sustaining bioelectrochemical approach within a two-chamber bioelectrochemical system (BES), where a cathode electrode in-situ activates PAA using renewable biogenic electrons generated by anodic exoelectrogens (e.g., Geobacter) degrading biodegradable organic matter (e.g., acetic acid) in wastewater at the anode. This innovative BES-PAA technique achieved 98 % and 81 % removal of 2 µM sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two hours at pH 2 (cation exchange membrane) and pH 6 (bipolar membrane) using 100 µM PAA without external voltage. Mechanistic studies, including radical quenching, molecular probe validation, electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealed that SMX degradation was driven by reactive species generated via biogenic electron-mediated OO cleavage of PAA, with CH3C(O)OO• contributing 68.1 %, •OH of 18.4 %, and CH3C(O)O• of 9.4 %, where initial formation of •OH and CH3C(O)O• rapidly reacts with PAA to produce CH3C(O)OO•. The presence of common water constituents such as anions (e.g., Cl-, NO3-, and H2PO4-) and humic acid (HA) significantly hinders SMX removal via the BES-PAA technique, whereas CO32- and HCO3- ions have a comparatively minor impact. Additionally, the study investigated the removal of various pharmaceuticals present in secondary treated municipal wastewater, attributing differences in removal efficiency to the selective action of CH3C(O)OO•. This research demonstrates a novel PAA activation method that is ecologically benign, inexpensive, and capable of overcoming catalyst deactivation and secondary pollution issues.

Pseudorabies virus tegument protein US2 antagonizes antiviral innate immunity by targeting cGAS-STING signaling pathway.

Background: The cGAS-STING axis-mediated type I interferon pathway is a crucial strategy for host defense against DNA virus infection. Numerous evasion strategies developed by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) counteract host antiviral immunity. To what extent PRV-encoded proteins evade the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is unknown. Methods: Using US2 stably expressing cell lines and US2-deficient PRV model, we revealed that the PRV tegument protein US2 reduces STING protein stability and downregulates STING-mediated antiviral signaling. Results: To promote K48-linked ubiquitination and STING degradation, US2 interacts with the LBD structural domain of STING and recruits the E3 ligase TRIM21. TRIM21 deficiency consistently strengthens the host antiviral immune response brought on by PRV infection. Additionally, US2-deficient PRV is less harmful in mice. Conclusions: Our study implies that PRV US2 inhibits IFN signaling by a new mechanism that selectively targets STING while successfully evading the host antiviral response. As a result, the present study reveals a novel strategy by which PRV evades host defense and offers explanations for why the Bartha-K61 classical vaccine strain failed to offer effective defense against PRV variant strains in China, indicating that US2 may be a key target for developing gene-deficient PRV vaccines.

Identification of the cytochrome P450s responsible for the biosynthesis of two types of aporphine alkaloids and their de novo biosynthesis in yeast.

Aporphine alkaloids have diverse pharmacological activities; however, our understanding of their biosynthesis is relatively limited. Previous studies have classified aporphine alkaloids into two categories based on the configuration and number of substituents of the D-ring and have proposed preliminary biosynthetic pathways for each category. In this study, we identified two specific cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP80G6 and CYP80Q5) with distinct activities toward (S)-configured and (R)-configured substrates from the herbaceous perennial vine Stephania tetrandra, shedding light on the biosynthetic mechanisms and stereochemical features of these two aporphine alkaloid categories. Additionally, we characterized two CYP719C enzymes (CYP719C3 and CYP719C4) that catalyzed the formation of the methylenedioxy bridge, an essential pharmacophoric group, on the A- and D-rings, respectively, of aporphine alkaloids. Leveraging the functional characterization of these crucial cytochrome P450 enzymes, we reconstructed the biosynthetic pathways for the two types of aporphine alkaloids in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for the de novo production of compounds such as (R)-glaziovine, (S)-glaziovine, and magnoflorine. This study provides key insight into the biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids and lays a foundation for producing these valuable compounds through synthetic biology.

Marine peptides as potential anti-aging agents: Preparation, characterization, mechanisms of action, and future perspectives.

Aging is a universal biological process characterized by a decline in physiological functions, leading to increased susceptibility to diseases. With global aging trends, understanding and mitigating the aging process is paramount. Recent studies highlight marine peptides as promising bioactive substances with potential anti-aging properties. This review critically examines the potential of marine peptides as novel food ingredients in anti-aging, exploring their sources, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and the underlying mechanisms through which they impact the aging process. Marine peptides exhibit significant potential in targeting aging, extending lifespan, and enhancing healthspan. They act through mechanisms such as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, modulating mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing autophagy, maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis, and regulating longevity-related pathways. Despite challenges in stability, bioavailability, and scalability, marine peptides offer significant potential in health, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, warranting further research and development in anti-aging.

Saccharomyces boulardii combined with triple therapy alter the microbiota in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

To assess the effectiveness and safety of combining Saccharomyces boulardii powder with triple therapy as a primary approach for eradicating H. pylori infection, a total of 144 patients who tested positive for H. pylori and diagnosed with non-ulcer dyspepsia underwent endoscopy at two national centers between June 2017 and March 2019 were included. The patients were categorized into three groups using a subsection randomization method and received initial H. pylori eradication treatments. Microbial composition, eradication rates, symptom alleviation, and adverse reactions were monitored on the 14th and 44th days post-treatment. According to PP analysis showed the eradication rates for the SRAC group was 75%, BRAC was 93.18% and RAC was 65.2%. Group BRAC exhibited a marginally higher eradication rate compared to other groups. However, patients receiving Saccharomyces boulardii treatment exhibited an overall reduction in initial dyspepsia symptoms by the end of the treatment period. When employed as a primary strategy, the combination of Saccharomyces boulardii powder with triple therapy displayed notable efficacy and smaller gastrointestinal side effects in eradicating initial H. pylori infections among non-ulcer dyspepsia patients. Moreover, this approach demonstrated advantages in alleviating symptoms, exhibited favorable tolerance, and maintained a high level of clinical safety.

Disulfidptosis-related genes serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and indicate tumor microenvironment characteristics and immunotherapy response in prostate cancer.

Disulfidptosis, a newly identified programmed cell death pathway in prostate cancer (PCa), is closely associated with intracellular disulfide stress and glycolysis. This study aims to elucidate the roles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in the pathogenesis and progression of PCa, with the goal of improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We analyzed PCa datasets and normal tissue transcriptome data from TCGA, GEO, and MSKCC. Using consensus clustering analysis and LASSO regression, we developed a risk scoring model, which was validated in an independent cohort. The model's predictive accuracy was confirmed through Kaplan-Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nomograms. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the risk score and immune cell infiltration, and examined the tumor microenvironment and somatic mutations across different risk groups. We also investigated responses to immunotherapy and drug sensitivity. Our analysis identified two disulfidosis subtypes with significant differences in survival, immune environments, and treatment responses. According to our risk score, the high-risk group exhibited poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), associated with increased immune suppression. Functional enrichment analysis linked high-risk features to key cancer pathways, including the IL-17 signaling pathway. Moreover, drug sensitivity analysis revealed varied responses to chemotherapy, suggesting the potential for disulfidosis-based personalized treatment strategies. Notably, we identified PROK1 as a crucial prognostic marker in PCa, with its reduced expression correlating with disease progression. In summary, our study comprehensively assessed the clinical implications of DRGs in PCa progression and prognosis, offering vital insights for tailored precision medicine approaches.

Identification of Diagnostic Genes of Aortic Stenosis That Progresses from Aortic Valve Sclerosis.

Background: Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) is a pathological state that can progress to aortic stenosis (AS), which is a high-mortality valvular disease. However, effective medical therapies are not available to prevent this progression. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers of AVS-AS advancement. Methods: A microarray dataset and an RNA-sequencing dataset were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from AS and AVS samples. Functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and machine learning model construction were conducted to identify diagnostic genes. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate diagnostic value. Immune cell infiltration was then used to analyze differences in immune cell proportion between tissues. Finally, immunohistochemistry was applied to further verify protein concentration of diagnostic factors. Results: A total of 330 DEGs were identified, including 92 downregulated and 238 upregulated genes. The top 5% of DEGs (n = 17) were screened following construction of a PPI network. IL-7 and VCAM-1 were identified as the most significant candidate genes via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The diagnostic value of the model and each gene were above 0.75. Proportion of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages was lower, but the fraction of pro-inflammatory gamma-delta T cells was elevated in AS samples. Finally, levels of IL-7 and VCAM-1 were validated to be higher in AS tissue than in AVS tissue using immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: IL-7 and VCAM-1 were identified as biomarkers during the disease progression. This is the first study to analyze gene expression differences between AVS and AS and could open novel sights for future studies on alleviating or preventing the disease progression.

Saponins from Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus attenuate atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation.

Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) is a traditional Chinese medicine with medicinal and food homology. AMB has various biological activities, including anti-coagulation, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. Saponins from Allium macrostemonis Bulbus (SAMB), the predominant beneficial compounds, also exhibited lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of SAMB on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacological impact of SAMB on atherosclerosis. In apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE-/-) mice with high-fat diet feeding, oral SAMB administration significantly attenuated inflammation and atherosclerosis plaque formation. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that SAMB effectively suppressed oxidized-LDL-induced foam cell formation by down-regulating CD36 expression, thereby inhibiting lipid endocytosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Additionally, SAMB effectively blocked LPS-induced inflammatory response in bone marrow-derived macrophages potentially through modulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, SAMB exhibits a potential anti-atherosclerotic effect by inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation. These findings provide novel insights into potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of atherosclerosis.

Advances in cell membrane-based biomimetic nanodelivery systems for natural products.

Active components of natural products, which include paclitaxel, curcumin, gambogic acid, resveratrol, triptolide and celastrol, have promising anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, and other pharmacological activities. However, their clinical application is limited due to low solubility, instability, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, short half-life, and strong off-target toxicity. To overcome these drawbacks, cell membrane-based biomimetic nanosystems have emerged that avoid clearance by the immune system, enhance targeting, and prolong drug circulation, while also improving drug solubility and bioavailability, enhancing drug efficacy, and reducing side effects. This review summarizes recent advances in the preparation and coating of cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanosystems and in their applications to disease for targeted natural products delivery. Current challenges, limitations, and prospects in this field are also discussed, providing a research basis for the development of multifunctional biomimetic nanosystems for natural products.

Anemoside B4 attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm by limiting smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation and its mediated inflammation.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease characterized by local abnormal dilation of the aorta accompanied by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and chronic inflammation. VSMC dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation, and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential causes of AAA formation. Previous studies from us and others have shown that Anemoside B4 (AB4), a saponin from Pulsatilla chinensis, has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and regulatory effects on VSMC dedifferentiation. The current study aimed to investigate whether AB4 inhibits AAA development and its underlying mechanisms. By using an Ang II induced AAA model in vivo and cholesterol loading mediated VSMC to macrophage transdifferentiation model in vitro, our study demonstrated that AB4 could attenuate AAA pathogenesis, prevent VSMC dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation to macrophage-like cells, decrease vascular inflammation, and suppress MMP expression and activity. Furthermore, KLF4 overexpression attenuated the effects of AB4 on VSMC to macrophage-like cell transition and VSMC inflammation in vitro. In conclusion, AB4 protects against AAA formation in mice by inhibiting KLF4 mediated VSMC transdifferentiation and inflammation. Our study provides the first proof of concept of using AB4 for AAA management.

Can Non-farm Employment Improve Dietary Diversity of Left-Behind Family Members in Rural China?

Rural residents in China are still at risk of malnutrition, and increasing dietary diversity is crucial to improving their health. This study empirically analyzed the impact of non-farm employment on the dietary diversity of rural left-behind family members based on the China Land Economy Survey (CLES) 2020-2021 panel data at the farm and village levels. Dietary diversity was measured using the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda Score (CFGPS). The empirical results show that non-farm employment significantly enhances the dietary diversity of rural left-behind household members, including animal food diversity and plant food diversity. This result verifies the altruism phenomenon of non-farm employment in family diet. Mechanism analysis shows that non-farm employment enhances the dietary diversity of rural left-behind family members by increasing the level of family income, Internet accessibility, and family education. Heterogeneity analysis shows that non-farm employment does not enhance the dietary diversity of rural empty nesters and even has a negative impact. This reminds us that the nutritional health of rural empty nesters needs attention in the context of rapid urbanization and aging.

Predicting tall-cell subtype of papillary thyroid carcinomas independently with preoperative multimodal ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the differences between tall-cell subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCPTC) and classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC) using multimodal ultrasound, and identify independent risk factors for TCPTC to compensate the deficiency of preoperative cytological and molecular diagnosis on PTC subtypes. METHODS: Forty-six TCPTC patients and 92 cPTC patients were included. Each patient received grey-scale ultrasound, colour Dopplor flow imaging (CDFI) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) preoperatively. Clinicopathologic information, grey-scale ultrasound features, CDFI features and SWE features of 98 lesions were compared using univariate analysis to find out predictors of TCPTC, based on which, a predictive model was built to differentiate TCPTC from cPTC and validated with 40 patients. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analyses identified that extra-thyroidal extension (odds ratio [OR], 15.12; 95% CI, 2.26-115.44), aspect ratio (≥0.91) (OR, 29.34; 95% CI, 1.29-26.23), and maximum diameter ≥14.6 mm (OR, 20.79; 95% CI, 3.87-111.47) were the independent risk factors for TCPTC. Logistic regression equation: P = 1/1+ExpΣ[-5.099 + 3.004 × (if size ≥14.6 mm) + 2.957 × (if aspect ratio ≥ 0.91) + 2.819 × (if extra-thyroidal extension). The prediction model had a good discrimination performance for TCPTC: the area under the receiver-operator-characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.928, 0.848, and 0.954 in cohort 1, and the corresponding values in cohort 2 were 0.943, 0.923, and 0.926, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound has the potential for differential diagnosis of TCPTC from cPTC. A prediction model based on ultrasound characteristics (extra-thyroidal extension, aspect ratio ≥0.91, and maximum diameter ≥14.6 mm) was useful in predicting TCPTC. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Multimodal ultrasound prediction of TCPTC was a supplement to preoperative cytological diagnosis and molecular diagnosis of PTC subtypes.

GateView: A Multi-Omics Platform for Gene Feature Analysis of Virus Receptors within Human Normal Tissues and Tumors.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on cell surface receptor molecules to complete the first step of invading host cells. The experimental method for virus receptor screening is time-consuming, and receptor molecules have been identified for less than half of known viruses. This study collected known human viruses and their receptor molecules. Through bioinformatics analysis, common characteristics of virus receptor molecules (including sequence, expression, mutation, etc.) were obtained to study why these membrane proteins are more likely to become virus receptors. An in-depth analysis of the cataloged virus receptors revealed several noteworthy findings. Compared to other membrane proteins, human virus receptors generally exhibited higher expression levels and lower sequence conservation. These receptors were found in multiple tissues, with certain tissues and cell types displaying significantly higher expression levels. While most receptor molecules showed noticeable age-related variations in expression across different tissues, only a limited number of them exhibited gender-related differences in specific tissues. Interestingly, in contrast to normal tissues, virus receptors showed significant dysregulation in various types of tumors, particularly those associated with dsRNA and retrovirus receptors. Finally, GateView, a multi-omics platform, was established to analyze the gene features of virus receptors in human normal tissues and tumors. Serving as a valuable resource, it enables the exploration of common patterns among virus receptors and the investigation of virus tropism across different tissues, population preferences, virus pathogenicity, and oncolytic virus mechanisms.