A mosquito population suppression model with a saturated Wolbachia release strategy in seasonal succession.

Releasing Wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes to suppress wild female mosquitoes through cytoplasmic incompatibility has shown great promise in controlling and preventing mosquito-borne diseases. To make the release logistically and economically feasible, we propose a saturated release strategy, which is only implemented during the epidemic season of mosquito-borne diseases. Under this assumption, the model becomes a seasonally switching ordinary differential equation model. The seasonal switch brings rich dynamics, including the existence of a unique periodic solution or exactly two periodic solutions, which are proved by using the qualitative property of the Poincaré map. Sufficient conditions are also obtained for determining the stability of the periodic solutions.

Modeling coupling dynamics between the transmission, intervention of COVID-19 and economic development.

Current explosive outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is posing serious threats to public health and economics around the world. To clarify the coupling mechanism between this disease and economic development, a new dynamical system is established by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It is theoretically proved that the basic reproduction number is a nonlinear combination of parameters regarding disease transmission, intervention and economy effect, which totally determines the stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria. Further analyses indicate the existence of interaction and mutual restraint among transmissibility, quarantine and economics, in which (1) COVID-19 would cause a long-term impact on halting economic progress; (2) strong coupling of COVID-19 and economics would easily trigger disease outbreak, cause more human infections and alleviate the intervention effects of quarantine; and (3) there exists optimal strategy of time-varying quarantine for disease control and economic development. It is highlighted that adaptive isolation (rather than constant isolation) of at-risk population (rather than random individuals) is highly effective in reducing morbidity at the cost of least economic loss.

Traditional Chinese medicine ZHENG identification of bronchial asthma: Clinical investigation of 2500 adult cases.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to employ more comprehensive approaches to analyze the primary and secondary symptoms of clinical common TCM ZHENG of bronchial asthma according to the clinical investigation of 2500 adult cases. METTHODS: Patients met the inclusion criteria were surveyed by associate chief physician or chief physician through the TCM Clinical investigation questionnaire containing general demographic information, signs and symptoms, tongue and pulse conditions. Firstly, absolute frequency, cumulative frequency, Chi-squared test were adopted to reflect the clinical common ZHENG in three asthma stages, then the logistic regression analyses, the frequency methods were combined to distinguish the primary and secondary symptoms of the common ZHENG. RESULTS: Of the 2500 questionnaires, 2428 valid questionnaires were got, with the number in acute exacerbation stage was 1273, and that 586 in chronic persistent stage, and 569 in clinical remission stage, in which the number of excess syndromes, the deficiency-excess complex syndromes and deficiency syndromes corresponding to the above three stage respectively accounted on 55.7%, 69.97%, and 76.50%. According to the distribution of each ZHENG, ten clinical common ZHENG were distinguished by criteria of the frequency percent value at least 10.0% and cumulative percent value reach to 70% or above. Then based on the OR and frequency value of each symptom, the primary symptoms were tentative identified by OR value≧3 with percent value≧50%, and that of the secondary symptoms were OR value between 1 and 3 with percent value between 25% and 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Ten common ZHENG of asthma with each primary and secondary symptoms in three stages are identified through the clinical investigation: Exterior cold with interior fluid retention, Phlegm-turbidity obstructing the lung, Phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, Wind-phlegm obstructing the lung, Blood stasis, Qi deficiency of the lung, Qi deficiency of the lung and spleen, Qi deficiency of the lung and kidney, Qi and Yin deficiency of the lung and kidney, Yang deficiency of the lung and kidney.

[Optimization of extraction conditions for semi-bionic extraction of Guizhi Fuling pill decoction by uniform design].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction conditions for semi-bionic extraction of Guizhi Fuling pill decoction. METHOD: The best extraction condition of the semi-bionic extraction for Guizhi Fuling pill decoction was optimized by uniform design was optimized with paeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, laetrile, pachymic acid, total polysaccharose and dry extract as the indexes. RESULT: The optimized extraction condition is that extracting for 3 times with solvent pH values of 4.98, 7.35 and 8.00, respectively, and the total extracting time was 4.99 h. CONCLUSION: In consideration of manufacturing fact, the pH value of thrice extractions is set at 5.0, 7.5, 8.0 respectively, and the extracting time is 2.0, 1.5, 1.5 h in turn.

[Optimization of combination modes of medical materials in extract of Huanglian Jiedu decoction by semi-bionic extraction].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the combination modes of medical materials in extract of Huanglian Jiedu decoction. METHOD: Divided the medical materials of Huanglian Jiedu decotion into 15 groups and extracted by semi-bionic estraction (SBE), the contents of berberine, baicalin, geniposide, total alkaloid, total flavonoid, total integral calculus area of HPLC and extract of 1 000 were determined, standardized, weighted and evaluated, respectively. RESULT: The maximum evaluated value Y for the extracting technique was AD + BC. CONCLUSION: The optimal combination mode of the perscription is that Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Scutellariae and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis are decocted together respectively then the two decoctions are merged.

[Comparison of ingredients between two water extractions of danggui kushen pills with or without solid-state fermentation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the solid-state fermentation technology in extracting the ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHOD: Using Danggui Kushen pills as an example, four index ingredients of ferulic acid, matrine, matrine alkaloids and dry extract were compared comprehensively, and the difference between the two water extractions of fermented pills and unfermented pills was evalued. RESULT: The comprehensive evaluated result was that extraction of fermented pills was better than that unfermented. CONCLUSION: The solid-state fermentation is conducive to the extraction of prescription of Danggui Kushen pills.

[Technical condition of semi-bionic extraction in optimizing formula of Rhizoma Cyperi that had been extracted by SFE-CO2 through homogeneous design].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction condtions in the modification of Rhizoma Cyperi, which had been extracted by the technique of supercritical CO2 extraction. METHOD: The semi-bionic extraction (SBE) conditions were optimized through homogeneous design while the extracts (< or = 1 000), the total area of HPLC and dry extracts were adopted as markers. RESULT: The optimized SBE extraction conditions are the following: pH in first extraction was adjusted to 2.005 3. And then pH in second and third extraction adjusted to 6.508 2 and 8.945 6, time of the whole extracted process was 3.912 7 h. CONCLUSION: Combine the faction of production,we make sure the conclusion is pH in first extraction was 2.00, pH in second and third extraction adjusted to 6.50 and 9.00, duration of run was 2.0 h, 1.0 h and 1.0 h, respectively.

[Optimizing the best extraction condition of semi-bionic extraction for licorice by unifrom design].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the best extraction condition of semi-bionic extraction for licorice. METHODS: The best extraction condition of the semi-bionic extraction for licorice by uniform design was optimized with glycyrrhizic acid, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, total HPLC integrate area and dried extract weight as the indexes. RESULTS: The optimized technologic condition: The pH values of the water for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd decoctions were in order of 5.88, 7.50, and 8.90, and the total extraction time was 3.93 h. CONCLUSION: According to industry production condition, the best SBE technologic condition is: The pH values of the water for the 3 decoctions are in order of 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0, and the extraction time are 2h, 1h, and 1h, respectively.

[Experimental studies on compound Duzhong Jiangya prescription by semi-bionic extraction].

OBJECTIVE: Optimize the technic condition of Duzhong Jiangya prescription with Semi-bionic Extraction. METHOD: Using homogeneous design, under the same materials granularity, decoction temperature, consumption of water, filtration, concentration, and taking aucubin, hydrochloric acid stachydrine, maloicacid, baicalin, ethanol extract, dry extract as the indexes, the results were comprehensive considered to optimize the semi-bionic extraction condtions. RESULT: The optimized SBE extraction conditions are the following: pH values of the water for the thrice extraction is 5.845 3, 7.496 1, 8.011 7, and the total extraction time is 3.418 0 h. CONCLUSION: Considering the fact of manufacture, the SBE extraction conditions are the following: pH values of the water for the thrice extraction is 6.0, 7.5, 8.0, and the thrice extraction time is 1.5, 1.0, 1.0 h.